1. Cardiovascular Physiology

1. Comparative study of heart rate variability in normotensive and hypertensive individuals during rest and post-exercise.

2. Observational study of the correlation between arterial stiffness and age in urban adult population.

3. Cross-sectional analysis of blood pressure patterns in adolescents with different levels of physical activity.

4. Assessment of baroreflex sensitivity in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients.

5. Study of cardiovascular autonomic function tests in patients with chronic kidney disease.

6. Comparative analysis of central versus peripheral blood pressure in obese and non-obese adults.

7. Evaluation of QT interval variability among patients with thyroid dysfunction.

8. Correlation of cardiovascular reactivity to cold pressor test among normotensive and pre-hypertensive subjects.

9. Study of heart rate recovery post-exercise in individuals with different cardiorespiratory fitness levels.

10. Impact of yoga-based breathing techniques on blood pressure and autonomic tone in pre-hypertensive subjects.

2. Respiratory Physiology

1. Cross-sectional study of spirometric values among smokers and non-smokers in an urban Indian population.

2. Comparative analysis of pulmonary function in athletes versus sedentary individuals.

3. Effect of pranayama on peak expiratory flow rate in healthy volunteers.

4. Study of respiratory muscle strength in underweight, normal weight, and overweight individuals.

5. Evaluation of lung function parameters in patients with obstructive versus restrictive lung diseases.

6. Assessment of ventilatory response to hypoxia in high-altitude dwellers versus sea-level residents.

7. Diurnal variation in pulmonary function among asthmatic patients: a cross-sectional study.

8. Comparative analysis of pulmonary function in petrol pump workers versus office workers.

9. Effect of acute and chronic exercise on pulmonary function among gym-goers.

10. Observational study of the impact of air pollution levels on lung function in schoolchildren in metropolitan cities.

3. Neurophysiology

1. Assessment of reaction time in individuals with chronic sleep deprivation compared to well-rested controls.

2. Comparative study of EEG changes during various stages of meditation and rest.

3. Evaluation of cognitive functions in students with high versus low academic stress levels.

4. Study of nerve conduction velocity in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients.

5. Effect of aging on somatosensory evoked potentials in healthy individuals.

6. Comparison of brainstem auditory evoked responses in chronic smokers and non-smokers.

7. Impact of mobile phone use on cognitive reaction time in adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

8. Study of visual evoked potentials in migraine sufferers versus non-sufferers.

9. Observational study of autonomic reactivity in patients with anxiety disorders.

10. Assessment of psychomotor performance in night shift workers compared to day shift workers.

4. Endocrine Physiology

1. Comparative study of insulin resistance in urban versus rural adolescent populations.

2. Evaluation of thyroid function tests in patients with metabolic syndrome.

3. Study of cortisol rhythm disturbances in patients with chronic stress.

4. Cross-sectional analysis of serum prolactin levels in patients on antipsychotic medications.

5. Effect of body mass index on serum leptin and adiponectin levels: a comparative study.

6. Study of glycemic variability in type 2 diabetes patients with and without autonomic neuropathy.

7. Correlation of fasting insulin levels with waist-to-hip ratio in obese individuals.

8. Study of hormonal profile in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome and its relation to insulin resistance.

9. Evaluation of melatonin levels in shift workers versus regular day workers.

10. Cross-sectional study of serum testosterone levels in males with and without metabolic syndrome.

5. Gastrointestinal Physiology

1. Evaluation of orocecal transit time using lactulose breath test in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

2. Comparative study of gastric emptying time in patients with functional dyspepsia and healthy controls.

3. Observational study of salivary pH and flow rate in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

4. Cross-sectional study of bowel motility patterns in sedentary versus physically active individuals.

5. Study of gallbladder motility using ultrasound in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients.

6. Assessment of serum ghrelin levels before and after meals in obese and non-obese individuals.

7. Comparative analysis of gut microbiota diversity in vegetarians versus non-vegetarians.

8. Evaluation of gastrointestinal transit time in hypothyroid versus euthyroid individuals.

9. Effect of chronic stress on gastric acid secretion and bowel habits: an observational study.

10. Study of serum gastrin levels in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection.

6. Renal Physiology

1. Comparative analysis of renal function markers in hypertensive versus normotensive individuals.

2. Cross-sectional study of urinary microalbumin levels in pre-diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.

3. Evaluation of circadian rhythm of urine output in patients with nocturnal polyuria.

4. Study of glomerular filtration rate in elderly versus young adult population.

5. Assessment of renal concentrating ability in patients with sickle cell disease.

6. Comparative study of urinary sodium excretion in individuals with high and low salt intake.

7. Study of serum and urine osmolality in patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.

8. Effect of hydration status on renal function in athletes during competitive events.

9. Assessment of electrolyte imbalance in patients receiving loop diuretics versus thiazide diuretics.

10. Study of kidney function parameters in individuals with high-protein versus standard diets.

7. Reproductive Physiology

1. Evaluation of menstrual cycle variability in athletes compared to non-athletes.

2. Comparative analysis of serum FSH and LH levels in early versus late reproductive age women.

3. Study of semen parameters in male partners of couples with unexplained infertility.

4. Cross-sectional analysis of menarcheal age and nutritional status among adolescent girls.

5. Observational study of diurnal variation in testosterone levels in adult males.

6. Assessment of reproductive hormone levels in women with stress-related menstrual irregularities.

7. Study of ovarian reserve markers in women with a family history of premature menopause.

8. Evaluation of sperm DNA fragmentation in smokers versus non-smokers.

9. Comparative study of reproductive hormone profile in obese and non-obese women.

10. Cross-sectional analysis of sexual function scores in patients with diabetes mellitus.

8. Exercise Physiology

1. Study of changes in cardiovascular parameters before and after acute aerobic exercise in sedentary individuals.

2. Comparative analysis of muscle fatigue in resistance-trained versus untrained individuals.

3. Evaluation of maximal oxygen uptake in athletes of different sports disciplines.

4. Study of lactate threshold in individuals undergoing high-intensity interval training versus moderate exercise.

5. Impact of warm-up techniques on exercise performance in school athletes.

6. Comparative study of heart rate recovery in endurance-trained and strength-trained athletes.

7. Effect of yoga on muscular strength and flexibility in middle-aged women.

8. Study of biochemical markers of muscle damage after eccentric versus concentric exercises.

9. Cross-sectional analysis of pulmonary function in swimmers versus runners.

10. Evaluation of antioxidant status in individuals engaging in regular versus occasional physical activity.

9. Environmental and Adaptation Physiology

1. Study of physiological responses to acute cold exposure in individuals from temperate and tropical regions.

2. Comparative analysis of thermoregulation efficiency in obese and lean individuals.

3. Assessment of physiological adaptation in soldiers acclimatized to high altitude.

4. Evaluation of sleep patterns and melatonin levels in night shift workers.

5. Study of hydration status and electrolyte balance in laborers working in hot environments.

6. Impact of altitude on oxygen saturation and pulmonary function in trekkers.

7. Observational study of vitamin D levels in individuals with varying sunlight exposure.

8. Study of cognitive performance in different ambient temperatures.

9. Comparative analysis of resting metabolic rate in people living in different climatic zones.

10. Evaluation of noise pollution effects on blood pressure and stress markers in urban versus rural areas.

10. Recent Studies in Physiology

1. Evaluation of gut-brain axis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome using neurophysiological markers.

2. Study of salivary biomarkers of stress in medical students during examination periods.

3. Impact of intermittent fasting on insulin sensitivity and metabolic markers in overweight adults.

4. Study of brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in patients undergoing mindfulness training.

5. Evaluation of non-invasive glucose monitoring techniques and their physiological accuracy.

6. Observational study on the use of wearable devices in monitoring sleep physiology.

7. Effect of blue light exposure on circadian rhythm and melatonin secretion in mobile phone users.

8. Comparative analysis of muscle oxygenation using near-infrared spectroscopy in athletes and non-athletes.

9. Evaluation of heart rate variability using smartphone-based applications in stressed individuals.

10. Study of autonomic nervous system responses to virtual reality–induced simulated environments.

Bonus Study (101st Topic)

Comparative study of autonomic function tests in post-COVID-19 recovered patients and matched healthy controls to assess long-term physiological alterations.