Retina And Choroid Thesis Topics for MS/DNB Ophthalmology
This page brings together retina and choroid disorders thesis topics for MS Ophthalmology covering diabetic retinopathy, retinal vascular occlusions, age-related macular degeneration, central serous chorioretinopathy, retinal detachment, vitreomacular interface disorders, pathological myopia, inflammatory chorioretinal disease, retinopathy of prematurity and retinal imaging. The topics are intended for MS Ophthalmology residents and are framed around designs that can usually be completed within one thesis period using routine retina patients, dilated fundus examination, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, B-scan ultrasonography and other investigations already available in a teaching hospital. The strongest retina and choroid research topics for MS Ophthalmology define the eye-level unit of analysis, standardise imaging acquisition and separate structural imaging outcomes from functional visual outcomes. Once a topic is shortlisted, the MS Ophthalmology retina and choroid protocol and MS Ophthalmology retina and choroid synopsis should specify the disease definition, imaging method, study-eye rule, treatment status, follow-up interval and statistical plan.
Last reviewed and updated: September 2026 · 2026–27 admissions
Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Oedema
Association of glycaemic control, duration of diabetes and systemic hypertension with severity of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type two diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Correlation of central macular thickness measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography with best corrected visual acuity in treatment-naive diabetic macular oedema: a cross-sectional study.
Association of renal dysfunction and urinary albumin excretion with severity of diabetic retinopathy in adults with type two diabetes mellitus: a hospital-based analytical study.
Relationship between serum lipid profile and presence of hard exudates and macular oedema in patients with diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Association of haemoglobin concentration and anaemia severity with stages of diabetic retinopathy among patients with type two diabetes mellitus: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Comparison of diabetic retinopathy severity and macular involvement between newly diagnosed and previously known type two diabetes mellitus: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Correlation of optical coherence tomography morphological patterns with visual acuity in treatment-naive centre-involving diabetic macular oedema: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Association of subfoveal choroidal thickness measured by enhanced depth optical coherence tomography with increasing severity of diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional correlation study.
Diagnostic accuracy of non-mydriatic fundus photography for detecting referable diabetic retinopathy using dilated retinal examination as the reference standard: a diagnostic accuracy study.
Agreement between clinical fundus examination and colour fundus photography for grading diabetic retinopathy severity among patients attending a tertiary diabetes clinic: an observer agreement study.
Association of diabetic nephropathy with presence and severity of diabetic macular oedema in patients with type two diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Relationship between peripheral neuropathy and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy among patients with long-standing type two diabetes mellitus: a hospital-based cross-sectional analytical study.
Correlation of foveal avascular zone parameters on optical coherence tomography angiography with visual acuity in diabetic retinopathy without clinically evident macular oedema: a cross-sectional study.
Association of disorganization of retinal inner layers on optical coherence tomography with visual impairment in centre-involving diabetic macular oedema: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Relationship between hyperreflective retinal foci on optical coherence tomography and severity of diabetic macular oedema in treatment-naive patients: a cross-sectional correlation study.
Short-term change in central macular thickness and visual acuity following intravitreal bevacizumab in treatment-naive diabetic macular oedema: a prospective observational study.
Short-term anatomical and visual response following intravitreal ranibizumab in centre-involving diabetic macular oedema among patients attending a tertiary retina clinic: a prospective observational study.
Predictors of suboptimal visual improvement three months after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for diabetic macular oedema: a prospective observational study.
Association of vitreomacular interface abnormalities with central macular thickness and visual acuity in diabetic macular oedema: a cross-sectional optical coherence tomography study.
Prevalence and clinical predictors of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy among patients referred from general medicine and diabetes outpatient services: a cross-sectional screening study.
Retinal Vein and Retinal Artery Occlusions
Association of systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia with central retinal vein occlusion among adults presenting to a tertiary eye hospital: a case-control study.
Correlation of central macular thickness with best corrected visual acuity in treatment-naive branch retinal vein occlusion with macular oedema: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Comparison of optical coherence tomography morphological patterns between branch retinal vein occlusion and central retinal vein occlusion associated macular oedema: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Association of retinal haemorrhage extent and optic disc swelling with visual acuity at presentation in central retinal vein occlusion: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Correlation of subfoveal choroidal thickness with macular oedema severity in treatment-naive retinal vein occlusion: a cross-sectional optical coherence tomography study.
Association of disorganization of retinal inner layers with visual impairment in macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Relationship between hyperreflective retinal foci and central macular thickness in treatment-naive macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion: a correlation study.
Short-term anatomical and visual response following intravitreal bevacizumab for macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion: a prospective observational study.
Predictors of visual improvement three months after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: a prospective observational study.
Comparison of macular perfusion parameters on optical coherence tomography angiography between affected and fellow eyes in unilateral retinal vein occlusion: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Association of foveal avascular zone enlargement with visual acuity in eyes with retinal vein occlusion: a cross-sectional optical coherence tomography angiography study.
Prevalence of previously undiagnosed hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia in patients presenting with retinal vein occlusion: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.
Association of glaucoma and ocular hypertension with central retinal vein occlusion among patients attending a tertiary eye hospital: a case-control study.
Clinical profile and visual status at presentation of patients with central retinal artery occlusion attending a tertiary care centre: a retrospective record-based observational study.
Frequency of systemic vascular risk factors among patients presenting with retinal artery occlusion at a tertiary hospital: a retrospective analytical study.
Relationship between duration from symptom onset to presentation and visual acuity in central retinal artery occlusion: a retrospective record-based analytical study.
Optical coherence tomography characteristics of acute and resolving central retinal artery occlusion and their relationship with visual acuity: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Comparison of retinal nerve fibre and macular thickness between previously affected and fellow eyes following retinal artery occlusion: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Clinical spectrum and systemic associations of branch retinal artery occlusion in adults presenting to a tertiary retina service: a retrospective observational study.
Yield of physician referral for systemic cardiovascular evaluation following retinal artery occlusion in a tertiary teaching hospital: a retrospective service-based observational study.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Choroidal Neovascular Disorders
Association of age, smoking, hypertension and dietary risk factors with severity of age-related macular degeneration in patients attending a tertiary eye hospital: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Correlation of drusen characteristics on spectral domain optical coherence tomography with visual acuity in non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Association of subfoveal choroidal thickness with severity of non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Indian patients: a cross-sectional correlation study.
Comparison of choroidal thickness between eyes with age-related macular degeneration and age-matched healthy eyes: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Correlation of pigment epithelial detachment morphology with visual acuity in treatment-naive neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a cross-sectional optical coherence tomography study.
Association of intraretinal fluid, subretinal fluid and subretinal hyperreflective material with visual impairment in treatment-naive neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Relationship between macular fibrosis and presenting visual acuity in previously treated neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a cross-sectional observational study.
Short-term visual and anatomical response following intravitreal ranibizumab for treatment-naive neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a prospective observational study.
Short-term change in central macular thickness following intravitreal bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a prospective observational study.
Predictors of limited visual recovery three months after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a prospective observational study.
Comparison of optical coherence tomography findings between polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Diagnostic accuracy of spectral domain optical coherence tomography features for identifying polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy using indocyanine green angiography as the reference standard: a diagnostic accuracy study.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy among patients presenting with presumed neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a cross-sectional study.
Association of pachychoroid features with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Indian patients presenting with macular neovascularization: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Comparison of subfoveal choroidal thickness between polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a comparative optical coherence tomography study.
Correlation of macular neovascular lesion characteristics on optical coherence tomography angiography with visual acuity in treatment-naive neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a cross-sectional study.
Prevalence of bilateral involvement and fellow-eye macular abnormalities in patients presenting with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a cross-sectional observational study.
Association of reticular pseudodrusen with visual acuity and geographic atrophy in non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Clinical and optical coherence tomography characteristics of myopic macular neovascularization compared with age-related macular neovascularization: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Agreement between colour fundus photography and optical coherence tomography for identifying advanced age-related macular degeneration in elderly patients: an observer agreement study.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and Pachychoroid Spectrum
Association of corticosteroid exposure, psychological stress and systemic hypertension with central serous chorioretinopathy in adults: a hospital-based case-control study.
Correlation of subfoveal choroidal thickness with height of neurosensory detachment in acute central serous chorioretinopathy: a cross-sectional optical coherence tomography study.
Relationship between presenting visual acuity and optical coherence tomography morphology in treatment-naive acute central serous chorioretinopathy: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Comparison of subfoveal choroidal thickness between affected and fellow eyes in unilateral central serous chorioretinopathy: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Comparison of choroidal thickness in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy and age-matched healthy individuals: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Association of pigment epithelial detachment characteristics with visual acuity in acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Correlation of subretinal fluid height with metamorphopsia and best corrected visual acuity in acute central serous chorioretinopathy: a cross-sectional study.
Optical coherence tomography characteristics associated with persistent subretinal fluid in central serous chorioretinopathy at three months: a prospective observational study.
Short-term natural course of subretinal fluid and visual acuity in first-episode acute central serous chorioretinopathy: a prospective observational study.
Association of smoking, sleep disturbance and shift work with central serous chorioretinopathy among working-age adults: a case-control study.
Comparison of choroidal vascularity measures between central serous chorioretinopathy and healthy eyes using enhanced depth optical coherence tomography: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Correlation of choroidal vascularity index with subretinal fluid volume in acute central serous chorioretinopathy: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Prevalence and characteristics of pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy in fellow eyes of patients with unilateral central serous chorioretinopathy: a cross-sectional study.
Clinical and imaging profile of pachychoroid neovasculopathy among patients presenting to a tertiary retina clinic: a cross-sectional observational study.
Comparison of optical coherence tomography features between pachychoroid neovasculopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Association of choroidal thickness with age, refractive error and axial length in patients with pachychoroid spectrum disease: a cross-sectional correlation study.
Relationship between retinal pigment epithelial alterations and duration of symptoms in central serous chorioretinopathy: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Agreement between spectral domain optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescein angiography for detecting activity in central serous chorioretinopathy: a diagnostic agreement study.
Optical coherence tomography angiography characteristics of choroidal neovascularization complicating chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: a cross-sectional observational study.
Predictors of reduced visual acuity despite resolution of subretinal fluid in central serous chorioretinopathy at three months: a prospective observational study.
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment and Peripheral Retinal Disorders
Clinical profile and determinants of delayed presentation in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment attending a tertiary referral hospital: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Association of duration of retinal detachment with presenting visual acuity and macular status in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with macula-off presentation in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.
Association of high myopia, previous cataract surgery and ocular trauma with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in adults: a case-control study.
Distribution of retinal breaks according to age, refractive status and lens status in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a cross-sectional observational study.
Comparison of clinical characteristics of phakic and pseudophakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment presenting to a tertiary eye hospital: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Relationship between proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade and duration of symptoms before presentation in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Diagnostic agreement between indirect ophthalmoscopy and B-scan ultrasonography for detecting retinal detachment in eyes with media opacity: a diagnostic agreement study.
Diagnostic accuracy of B-scan ultrasonography for identifying retinal detachment in dense cataract using postoperative fundus examination as the reference standard: a diagnostic accuracy study.
Prevalence and patterns of peripheral retinal degenerations among highly myopic patients attending a tertiary eye clinic: a cross-sectional observational study.
Association of axial length and spherical equivalent with lattice degeneration in adults with myopia: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Frequency and distribution of retinal holes and tears among patients with symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment: a prospective observational study.
Association of vitreous haemorrhage with retinal tear detection in patients presenting with acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Clinical predictors of retinal breaks in patients presenting with new-onset flashes and floaters: a prospective observational study.
Prevalence of asymptomatic peripheral retinal lesions in fellow eyes of patients presenting with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a cross-sectional study.
Comparison of peripheral retinal degenerations between highly myopic and emmetropic adults attending a tertiary care hospital: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Clinical profile of traumatic retinal breaks and detachments following blunt ocular injury in patients presenting to a tertiary trauma centre: a retrospective observational study.
Short-term visual outcome after surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and its association with preoperative macular status: a prospective observational study.
Association of symptom-to-surgery interval with three-month visual acuity in macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a prospective observational study.
Predictors of poor three-month visual recovery after anatomically successful surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a prospective observational study.
Macular Hole, Epiretinal Membrane and Vitreomacular Interface Disorders
Correlation of minimum macular hole diameter with presenting visual acuity in patients with idiopathic full-thickness macular hole: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Association of macular hole size and duration of symptoms with anatomical closure after vitreoretinal surgery: a prospective observational study.
Relationship between preoperative optical coherence tomography characteristics and three-month visual outcome following surgery for idiopathic macular hole: a prospective observational study.
Comparison of optical coherence tomography characteristics of idiopathic macular holes in highly myopic and non-myopic eyes: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Correlation of macular hole index with postoperative anatomical closure and visual improvement at three months: a prospective observational study.
Association of ellipsoid zone integrity with visual acuity following successful macular hole closure: a prospective optical coherence tomography study.
Correlation of epiretinal membrane severity on optical coherence tomography with best corrected visual acuity and metamorphopsia: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Association of ectopic inner foveal layers with visual impairment in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane: a cross-sectional optical coherence tomography study.
Comparison of central macular thickness and visual acuity between idiopathic and diabetic epiretinal membranes: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Relationship between duration of visual symptoms and optical coherence tomography severity of idiopathic epiretinal membrane: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Short-term visual and anatomical outcomes following membrane peeling for idiopathic epiretinal membrane: a prospective observational study.
Predictors of visual improvement three months after surgery for idiopathic epiretinal membrane based on preoperative optical coherence tomography findings: a prospective observational study.
Prevalence and optical coherence tomography characteristics of vitreomacular adhesion among patients undergoing routine retinal imaging: a cross-sectional observational study.
Correlation of vitreomacular traction severity with visual acuity and central macular thickness: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Comparison of macular morphology between symptomatic vitreomacular traction and asymptomatic vitreomacular adhesion using optical coherence tomography: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Association of age and lens status with posterior vitreous detachment and vitreomacular interface abnormalities: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Prevalence of vitreomacular interface abnormalities in patients with diabetic retinopathy and their association with macular oedema: a cross-sectional study.
Comparison of vitreomacular interface abnormalities in diabetic macular oedema and retinal vein occlusion associated macular oedema: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Agreement between two independent observers in optical coherence tomography grading of vitreomacular interface disorders: an inter-observer reliability study.
Relationship between foveal contour restoration and three-month visual acuity after surgery for macular hole or epiretinal membrane: a prospective observational study.
Pathological Myopia and Myopic Macular Disorders
Association of axial length with macular and choroidal thickness in adults with high myopia attending a tertiary eye clinic: a cross-sectional correlation study.
Correlation of spherical equivalent and axial length with subfoveal choroidal thickness in highly myopic eyes: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Prevalence and spectrum of myopic maculopathy among adults with high myopia attending a tertiary care hospital: a cross-sectional observational study.
Association of age, axial length and refractive error with severity of myopic maculopathy in highly myopic eyes: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Comparison of subfoveal choroidal thickness between highly myopic eyes with and without myopic maculopathy: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Correlation of myopic maculopathy grade with best corrected visual acuity in patients with pathological myopia: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Prevalence and optical coherence tomography characteristics of myopic traction maculopathy among patients with pathological myopia: a cross-sectional observational study.
Association of posterior staphyloma with myopic traction maculopathy and visual impairment in highly myopic eyes: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Relationship between macular retinoschisis extent and visual acuity in patients with myopic traction maculopathy: a cross-sectional optical coherence tomography study.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of myopic macular hole among patients with pathological myopia: a cross-sectional observational study.
Comparison of optical coherence tomography features between idiopathic and myopic macular holes: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Clinical and imaging characteristics of myopic choroidal neovascularization in adults presenting with sudden central visual loss: a cross-sectional observational study.
Correlation of myopic choroidal neovascular lesion size with visual acuity using optical coherence tomography angiography: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Short-term visual and anatomical response to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for myopic choroidal neovascularization: a prospective observational study.
Association of lacquer cracks with development of myopic macular degeneration in patients with pathological myopia: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Prevalence and characteristics of patchy and macular chorioretinal atrophy among patients with pathological myopia: a cross-sectional study.
Relationship between fundus tessellation severity and subfoveal choroidal thickness in adults with high myopia: a cross-sectional correlation study.
Comparison of macular microvascular density between highly myopic and non-myopic eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Association of peripheral retinal degeneration with axial length in adults with high and pathological myopia: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Frequency of retinal breaks in symptomatic highly myopic patients presenting with flashes or floaters to a tertiary retina clinic: a prospective observational study.
Inflammatory Chorioretinal and Infectious Retinal Disorders
Clinical and imaging profile of ocular toxoplasmosis presenting to a tertiary uveitis and retina clinic: a retrospective record-based observational study.
Association of lesion location and size with presenting visual acuity in patients with active ocular toxoplasmosis: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Optical coherence tomography characteristics of active and healed toxoplasma retinochoroiditis and their relationship with visual acuity: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Clinical profile and retinal imaging findings in patients with tubercular choroiditis presenting to a tertiary eye hospital: a retrospective observational study.
Association of choroidal lesion morphology with visual impairment in patients with presumed ocular tuberculosis: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Comparison of optical coherence tomography findings in active and inactive tubercular choroiditis: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Clinical characteristics and visual outcomes of serpiginous-like choroiditis associated with presumed ocular tuberculosis: a retrospective record-based observational study.
Correlation of macular involvement with visual acuity in patients with multifocal choroiditis: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Clinical and imaging profile of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy in patients attending a tertiary referral centre: a retrospective observational study.
Prevalence and patterns of retinal involvement in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection referred for ophthalmic evaluation: a cross-sectional observational study.
Association of immune status with occurrence of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a retrospective analytical study.
Relationship between zone of retinal involvement and presenting visual acuity in cytomegalovirus retinitis: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Clinical profile of retinal vasculitis in patients presenting to a tertiary uveitis clinic and its association with systemic disease: a cross-sectional observational study.
Correlation of macular optical coherence tomography abnormalities with visual acuity in patients with retinal vasculitis: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Frequency of tubercular infection among patients presenting with occlusive retinal vasculitis in an Indian tertiary care centre: a cross-sectional study.
Clinical and retinal imaging characteristics of dengue-associated retinopathy among patients with recent dengue fever and visual symptoms: a cross-sectional observational study.
Optical coherence tomography findings and their relationship with visual acuity in dengue-associated maculopathy: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Clinical spectrum of retinal and choroidal manifestations following chikungunya infection in patients presenting with visual complaints: a retrospective observational study.
Clinical profile and short-term visual outcome of endogenous endophthalmitis with retinal or choroidal involvement: a retrospective record-based observational study.
Diagnostic yield of targeted systemic investigations in patients presenting with posterior uveitis at a tertiary teaching hospital: a retrospective service-based study.
Retinopathy of Prematurity and Paediatric Retinal Disorders
Incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity among preterm infants screened in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit: a prospective observational study.
Association of birth weight and gestational age with severity of retinopathy of prematurity among screened preterm infants: a prospective analytical study.
Association of supplemental oxygen exposure with development of treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity in preterm neonates: a prospective observational study.
Relationship between neonatal sepsis and severity of retinopathy of prematurity in infants undergoing routine retinal screening: a prospective analytical study.
Association of blood transfusion and anaemia with development of retinopathy of prematurity among preterm infants: a prospective observational study.
Comparison of retinopathy of prematurity severity between extremely low birth weight and higher birth weight preterm infants: a comparative prospective study.
Screening yield of current retinopathy of prematurity eligibility criteria among infants admitted to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit: a prospective service-based study.
Proportion and clinical characteristics of heavier or more mature infants developing treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity in an Indian tertiary hospital: a prospective observational study.
Determinants of delayed first retinal screening among eligible preterm infants in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit: a prospective service-based study.
Frequency and causes of missed or delayed follow-up among infants enrolled in a retinopathy of prematurity screening programme: a prospective observational study.
Agreement between two ophthalmologists in staging and zone classification of retinopathy of prematurity using indirect ophthalmoscopy: an inter-observer agreement study.
Agreement between clinical retinal examination and wide-field retinal imaging for grading retinopathy of prematurity where imaging is routinely available: a diagnostic agreement study.
Short-term anatomical response following laser photocoagulation for treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity: a prospective observational study.
Short-term anatomical response following intravitreal bevacizumab for selected treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity: a prospective observational study.
Clinical profile and causes of childhood retinal detachment presenting to a tertiary paediatric ophthalmology service: a retrospective observational study.
Clinical characteristics of paediatric retinal detachment associated with trauma, high myopia and congenital ocular disorders: a retrospective analytical study.
Clinical and imaging profile of Coats disease in children presenting to a tertiary eye hospital: a retrospective record-based observational study.
Association of disease stage with presenting visual acuity in children diagnosed with Coats disease: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Clinical spectrum of inherited retinal dystrophies presenting to a tertiary paediatric retina clinic using clinical examination and routine retinal imaging: a cross-sectional study.
Correlation of macular optical coherence tomography abnormalities with visual acuity in children and young adults with inherited retinal dystrophies: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Retinal Imaging, Choroidal Thickness and Miscellaneous Retinal Disorders
Establishment of age-stratified normative macular thickness values using spectral domain optical coherence tomography in healthy Indian adults: a cross-sectional observational study.
Association of macular thickness with age, sex, axial length and refractive error in healthy Indian adults: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Establishment of normative subfoveal choroidal thickness values in healthy Indian adults using enhanced depth optical coherence tomography: a cross-sectional observational study.
Correlation of subfoveal choroidal thickness with age, axial length and refractive error in healthy Indian eyes: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Comparison of choroidal thickness between morning and afternoon measurements in healthy adults using enhanced depth optical coherence tomography: a repeated-measure agreement study.
Inter-observer reproducibility of manual subfoveal choroidal thickness measurement using spectral domain optical coherence tomography: an observer reliability study.
Agreement between automated and manual central macular thickness measurements in eyes with common retinal disorders: a method comparison study.
Agreement between two spectral domain optical coherence tomography devices for central macular thickness measurement in patients with macular disease: a device agreement study.
Comparison of retinal thickness measurements between healthy eyes and eyes with common retinal vascular disorders: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Relationship between axial length and macular microvascular density measured by optical coherence tomography angiography in healthy adults: a cross-sectional correlation study.
Inter-eye symmetry of macular thickness and choroidal thickness in healthy Indian adults: a cross-sectional agreement study.
Clinical and optical coherence tomography characteristics of solar retinopathy in patients presenting with central visual disturbance: a retrospective observational study.
Clinical profile and retinal imaging findings in patients with blunt ocular trauma and commotio retinae: a prospective observational study.
Correlation of macular optical coherence tomography changes with visual acuity following blunt ocular trauma associated with commotio retinae: a prospective observational study.
Clinical characteristics and retinal findings among patients with intraocular foreign body injuries presenting to a tertiary trauma centre: a retrospective observational study.
Frequency and spectrum of posterior segment complications following open-globe ocular trauma in patients presenting to a tertiary teaching hospital: a retrospective observational study.
Association of ocular trauma score with three-month visual outcome in patients with open-globe injuries involving the posterior segment: a prospective observational study.
Clinical profile and optical coherence tomography characteristics of idiopathic parafoveal telangiectasia in patients presenting to a tertiary retina clinic: a cross-sectional observational study.
Correlation of retinal cavitations and outer retinal changes with visual acuity in idiopathic parafoveal telangiectasia: a cross-sectional optical coherence tomography study.
Comparison of macular vascular density between eyes with idiopathic parafoveal telangiectasia and age-matched healthy eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Not the ophthalmology subspeciality you need? Retina and choroid disorders is one section of our full ophthalmology collection — the hub page lists every subspeciality, each with its own free topic list. Updated September 2026.
📌 Updated for 2026–2027 MS Ophthalmology Retina and Choroid Disorders admissions
The list was reviewed for feasibility in departments where retina research depends mainly on clinical examination, routine retinal imaging, short-term follow-up and established treatment pathways.
Many topics can be completed with indirect ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, spectral-domain OCT, B-scan ultrasonography and routine systemic investigations; OCT angiography, indocyanine green angiography or advanced image analysis is not essential for most resident projects.
Cross-sectional analytical, comparative, diagnostic-accuracy, agreement and short prospective observational designs are generally more practical than long-term progression or repeated-treatment studies requiring prolonged follow-up.
Publication potential is strongest when imaging variables are defined in advance, automated segmentation is checked, treatment-naive status is clear and bilateral eyes are handled correctly in the analysis.
Generate a protocol from any topic above
Select Generate Protocol → beside any title in the list above and receive a submission-ready document built around that topic, containing all eighteen components:
Introduction / Synopsis
Research Question
Aim of the Study
Primary Objective
Secondary Objectives
Materials and Methods
Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
Sample Size Calculation
Methodology
Statistical Analysis
Ethical Considerations
Review of Literature
References
Gantt Chart / Study Timeline
Patient Information Sheet
Consent Form
Data Collection Form
Already have your thesis title?
Generate the full retina and choroid disorders protocol directly — objectives, methodology, sample size, statistics, timeline, references and annexures.
Alongside retina and choroid disorders protocols and synopses, support is also available for departmental presentations, journal club presentations, ethics committee presentations, and posters and oral presentations for medical conferences — for postgraduate residents, board trainees and research scholars across India and the GCC. Prepared by a practising doctor with long experience in medical publishing and thesis supervision.
Retina and choroid disorders research outside India
The topics above work as research questions anywhere — what changes is the document the institution expects, and who approves it before data collection begins. The Gulf equivalent of an Indian synopsis is the retina and choroid disorders research proposal submitted to an institutional review board, and it ordinarily carries three sections an Indian synopsis does not: a Gantt chart, a budget and resources section, and a Declaration of Helsinki statement.
Board and residency programmes — country by country
Saudi Arabia — SCFHS and the Saudi Board. Residency and fellowship training under the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties includes a research project with a set timeline, and the retina and choroid disorders research proposal is the document prepared at the outset and cleared by the institutional review board before recruitment starts.
United Arab Emirates — DHA, DOH Abu Dhabi and MOHAP. Residents training in Dubai, Abu Dhabi and the northern emirates prepare a retina and choroid disorders research protocol for their programme and submit it for institutional review board approval before any data are collected.
Qatar — DHP (formerly QCHP) and Hamad Medical Corporation. A retina and choroid disorders IRB proposal is reviewed before recruitment, with the ethics section written to the institution's own template rather than a generic one.
Bahrain — NHRA. Trainees turning retina and choroid disorders research topics into a project need the proposal cleared by their institutional research and ethics committee before fieldwork begins.
Oman — OMSB. Residency programmes under the Oman Medical Specialty Board include a research component, and the retina and choroid disorders research proposal is the document assessed at the start of it.
Kuwait — KIMS. A retina and choroid disorders study protocol goes to the institutional committee for approval before the project begins.
Arab Board programmes across the region. The Arab Board carries its own research requirement irrespective of the host country, and the retina and choroid disorders proposal follows the same structure throughout.
Postgraduate degrees — Malaysia, the Gulf and beyond
Malaysia — MMed, the National Medical Research Register and MREC. A retina and choroid disorders dissertation proposal for a Master of Medicine programme carried out in a Ministry of Health facility must be registered on the NMRR and approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee before the study begins, and the guidance asks for submission four to six months ahead of data collection. Every investigator on the study team registers on the NMRR as well, so the methodology, ethics and team sections are written in far more detail than an Indian synopsis requires.
PhD and Master's candidates elsewhere. University programmes generally require a full retina and choroid disorders research proposal of roughly 6,000 to 10,000 words, with an extended literature review, a theoretical framework and a detailed methodology chapter.
PhD and MMed proposals are written individually by a medical doctor and revised until the supervisor accepts them. They are not produced by the automated protocol generator.
🔥 Trending research areas in Retina and Choroid Disorders for 2026–27
Current retinal research is increasingly centred on imaging biomarkers, systemic associations and clinically meaningful prediction rather than descriptive case counts alone.
OCT biomarkers in retinal vascular disease: disorganisation of retinal inner layers, hyperreflective foci, outer retinal integrity and fluid compartments are useful because they may explain visual outcome better than central thickness alone.
Choroidal and pachychoroid phenotyping: choroidal thickness and vascularity measures are increasingly studied in central serous chorioretinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and high myopia, but require strict control of acquisition conditions.
Short-term anti-VEGF response prediction: baseline OCT features in diabetic macular oedema, retinal vein occlusion and neovascular macular disease can be linked with fixed early anatomical and visual outcomes.
Retinal imaging and service-delivery research: diabetic retinopathy screening, retinopathy of prematurity screening, retinal tear detection and retinal artery occlusion referral pathways offer practical projects with immediate clinical relevance.
Protocol and synopsis guidance
What a Retina and Choroid Disorders protocol must contain
Define the retinal or choroidal diagnosis precisely. Diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, age-related macular degeneration, central serous chorioretinopathy, retinal detachment, retinal vasculitis, pathological myopia and paediatric retinal disease should each have prespecified clinical or imaging criteria. Treatment-naive, previously treated and postoperative eyes should not be mixed without a stated analytical plan.
Standardise image acquisition and interpretation. The protocol should name the OCT or imaging device, scan pattern, signal-quality threshold, segmentation review method, grading criteria and whether images are interpreted by one or more masked observers. Choroidal thickness should be measured at a defined location and under consistent timing because it varies with axial length, refractive error and time of day.
Separate structural from functional outcomes. Central macular thickness, choroidal thickness, retinal nerve fibre layer, OCTA vascular density and lesion morphology are imaging outcomes, whereas best corrected visual acuity and metamorphopsia are functional outcomes. Their association can be studied, but improvement in one should not automatically be interpreted as equivalent improvement in another.
Fix the unit of analysis and follow-up time point. State whether one or both eyes may enter the study, how fellow-eye comparisons will be handled and whether outcomes are measured at presentation, after a defined treatment course or at a fixed postoperative visit. For treatment-response studies, the injection or surgical regimen should be sufficiently standardised to make the follow-up outcome interpretable.
Retina and Choroid Disorders synopsis versus Retina and Choroid Disorders protocol
The synopsis gives the compact scientific plan. It should identify the retinal or choroidal condition, main exposure or imaging biomarker, comparison group, primary anatomical or functional outcome, study design and planned analysis.
The protocol provides the reproducibility details. It should specify diagnostic criteria, imaging device and scan protocol, grading system, segmentation review, treatment status, systemic variables, study-eye selection, observer masking, follow-up schedule and handling of poor-quality or missing images.
Imaging measurements are not universally portable. Central macular thickness and choroidal thickness may differ between devices, scan protocols and disease states, while high myopia and distorted retinal anatomy can cause segmentation error. The protocol should therefore treat device-specific measurements as locally generated measurements unless validated equivalence is available.
Sample size and statistical analysis
Base sample size on the primary objective. Correlation studies use an anticipated correlation coefficient, comparative studies use the expected difference in the principal retinal or choroidal outcome, diagnostic-accuracy studies use expected sensitivity or specificity with disease prevalence, and prospective treatment studies use the expected change in the selected anatomical or visual endpoint.
Do not count both eyes as independent participants by default. Fellow eyes share systemic, genetic and environmental factors, and bilateral disease creates within-person correlation. Use one prespecified study eye, an appropriate paired-eye analysis or a model that accounts for clustering when both eyes are included.
Match statistics to the imaging question. Correlation is not agreement, and agreement is not diagnostic accuracy. Device comparison requires agreement analysis, observer grading requires reliability statistics, diagnostic studies require sensitivity and specificity against a prespecified reference standard, and repeated follow-up needs paired or longitudinal methods. Multivariable analysis may be needed when age, axial length, refractive error, systemic disease, baseline visual acuity or treatment history influence the principal outcome.
1. How do I choose a feasible Retina and Choroid Disorders thesis topic?
For 2026–2027 admissions, choose a retinal condition with adequate case volume and an imaging or clinical outcome that is recorded consistently. Diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, age-related macular degeneration, central serous chorioretinopathy, high myopia, retinal detachment and routine retinal imaging studies are usually more feasible than rare inherited or inflammatory disorders. Prefer one primary outcome and a follow-up period that can be completed before dissertation submission.
2. Which study designs are commonly accepted for Retina and Choroid Disorders thesis work?
Useful designs include cross-sectional analytical studies, comparative cross-sectional studies, correlation studies, case-control studies, diagnostic-accuracy studies, agreement studies, reliability studies, retrospective record-based studies and short prospective observational follow-up after routine treatment or surgery. The design should follow the research question and available case volume.
3. What should I settle with my guide before finalising a Retina and Choroid Disorders topic?
Settle the exact disease definition, treatment-naive or previously treated status, study-eye rule, imaging device and scan protocol, grading criteria, primary outcome, systemic variables and follow-up point. If the topic involves treatment response, also confirm that the treatment schedule is sufficiently standardised to support a meaningful outcome analysis.
4. How should I standardise retinal and choroidal imaging measurements?
Use the same device, scan protocol, signal-quality threshold and measurement definition throughout the study whenever possible. Review automated segmentation rather than accepting exported values without inspection. For choroidal thickness, record measurement location and acquisition timing, and account for axial length and refractive error when these can materially influence the result. Poor-quality scans and manual corrections should be handled using rules written before analysis begins.
5. What is the difference between a Retina and Choroid Disorders synopsis and a Retina and Choroid Disorders protocol?
The synopsis summarises the research question, rationale, objectives, design, principal imaging or clinical measurements and analysis. The protocol gives the full operating details, including disease criteria, imaging technique, grading rules, scan-quality thresholds, segmentation review, treatment status, study-eye selection, observer roles, follow-up schedule, missing-data handling and statistical methods.
6. What ethical issues are important in Retina and Choroid Disorders research?
Prospective studies require informed consent, and paediatric studies require guardian consent with age-appropriate assent from about seven years where feasible. Record-based studies may seek a waiver of consent when permitted by the ethics committee. Research should not add unnecessary retinal imaging, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, contrast, intravitreal injections or research-only venepuncture unless specifically justified and approved. Any research-only blood sampling should have a stated volume limit. Separate consent should be obtained for identifiable fundus photographs or video, and OCT, fundus camera and DICOM-derived files should be anonymised. The protocol should define an escalation pathway for urgent findings such as retinal artery occlusion, retinal tear, macula-threatening detachment, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity or active infectious retinitis.
7. Can retinal or choroidal thickness values be compared without controlling for device and acquisition conditions?
Not reliably. Retinal thickness can vary with device segmentation algorithms, scan quality and distorted anatomy, while choroidal thickness is additionally influenced by axial length, refractive error, age and time of day. Highly myopic eyes, retinal oedema, epiretinal membrane and other structural abnormalities can also produce segmentation errors. A protocol should therefore use consistent acquisition conditions, inspect segmentation, record relevant ocular covariates and avoid treating measurements from different devices or protocols as directly interchangeable without validation.
8. Can a Retina and Choroid Disorders thesis also support PhD or Gulf board research pathways?
Yes, but the expected scope differs. A PhD proposal usually requires a broader research gap, stronger methodological justification and a programme of work beyond the scope of an MS dissertation. An MS synopsis is usually centred on one feasible dissertation question. SCFHS and Saudi Board trainees may also complete a mandatory board research project, while Arab Board of Health Specializations and DHP, DHA, DOH or MOHAP-linked programmes may use separate proposal, ethics and submission pathways. The scientific topic may overlap, but the document should be written for the intended programme.
9. When should I register my Retina and Choroid Disorders thesis topic?
Register after confirming adequate case volume, reliable access to the required retinal imaging, guide agreement on the disease definition and primary outcome, and a follow-up interval that fits the dissertation timeline. Prospective recruitment or research-specific imaging should begin only after the required institutional and ethics approvals are complete.
Found a topic that fits your department?
Generate its full protocol — objectives, methodology, sample size, statistics, timeline, references and annexures — in editable format.
