Kidney and Renal Parenchymal Pathology

1. Clinicopathological correlation of renal biopsy morphology with degree of proteinuria and renal dysfunction in adults presenting with nephrotic syndrome: a hospital-based cross-sectional study using routine light microscopy and immunofluorescence.
2. Diagnostic distribution of primary glomerular diseases in adults with nephrotic-range proteinuria using light microscopy and immunofluorescence, correlated with serum creatinine and urinary protein excretion: a prospective observational study.
3. Histomorphological patterns of glomerular injury in adults presenting with nephritic syndrome and their correlation with complement levels, urinary red cell casts and renal function: a cross-sectional biopsy study.
4. Clinicopathological evaluation of primary glomerulonephritis using light microscopy and immunofluorescence patterns against the integrated renal biopsy diagnosis as reference standard: a hospital-based diagnostic correlation study.
5. Morphological spectrum and Oxford Classification parameters of immunoglobulin A nephropathy in renal biopsies, correlated with proteinuria and serum creatinine at diagnosis: an archival cross-sectional study.
6. Correlation of mesangial hypercellularity, endocapillary hypercellularity, segmental sclerosis and tubular atrophy in immunoglobulin A nephropathy with renal function at biopsy: an archival clinicopathological study.
7. Diagnostic utility of capillary-wall morphology and granular immunoglobulin G deposition for membranous nephropathy against integrated renal biopsy diagnosis as reference standard: a cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study.
8. Histological determinants of nephrotic-range proteinuria in biopsy-proven focal segmental glomerulosclerosis using segmental sclerosis pattern and tubular injury parameters: a hospital-based correlation study.
9. Comparative morphological evaluation of minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in nephrotic syndrome using light microscopy and available electron microscopy as reference standard: a diagnostic correlation study.
10. Frequency and clinicopathological correlates of crescents in renal biopsies from adults with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis using crescent percentage and chronicity parameters: a retrospective archival study.
11. Diagnostic spectrum of acute tubular injury in renal biopsies from patients with acute kidney injury using tubular epithelial changes compared with final clinicopathological diagnosis: a cross-sectional study.
12. Histopathological features of drug-associated acute interstitial nephritis in renal biopsies with interstitial inflammation and eosinophils as index parameters, correlated with documented drug exposure: a retrospective study.
13. Morphological severity of chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis assessed by tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis and its correlation with estimated renal function at biopsy: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.
14. Histopathological patterns of chronic pyelonephritis in nephrectomy specimens from patients with recurrent urinary tract obstruction, correlated with hydronephrosis and renal cortical thinning: an archival cross-sectional study.
15. Comparative assessment of renal parenchymal scarring in reflux-associated and obstruction-associated nephrectomy specimens using tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis as parameters: a retrospective comparative cross-sectional study.
16. Histological grading of arteriolar hyalinosis and arterial intimal thickening in hypertensive nephropathy and correlation with serum creatinine and duration of hypertension: an archival cross-sectional study.
17. Morphological spectrum of thrombotic microangiopathy in renal biopsies using glomerular and arteriolar microthrombi as parameters, correlated with thrombocytopenia and renal dysfunction at presentation: a retrospective study.
18. Histopathological evaluation of renal infarction in nephrectomy specimens using coagulative necrosis and vascular occlusion as index features, correlated with available clinical risk factors: an archival observational study.
19. Frequency and morphological patterns of renal vasculitis in native kidney biopsies using vessel wall inflammation and necrosis, correlated with immunofluorescence findings and renal dysfunction: a retrospective study.
20. Correlation of diabetic renal vascular changes, glomerulosclerosis and arteriolar hyalinosis with renal function and proteinuria in biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy: an archival cross-sectional study.
21. Histological chronicity score based on global glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and vascular sclerosis in chronic kidney disease, correlated with serum creatinine at biopsy: a retrospective study.

Renal Biopsy Pathology

22. Inter-observer agreement for assessment of glomerular cellularity, sclerosis and crescent formation in native renal biopsies using standardized light microscopy criteria: an archival blinded agreement study among pathologists.
23. Correlation of glomerular morphological patterns on light microscopy with immunofluorescence-based integrated diagnoses in native renal biopsies from adults with proteinuria or haematuria: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
24. Frequency and clinical correlates of tubular epithelial injury in native renal biopsies assessed by simplification, vacuolisation and necrosis, compared with renal function at biopsy: an archival cross-sectional study.
25. Reproducibility of semiquantitative tubular atrophy assessment in native renal biopsies using percentage cortical involvement, with consensus microscopy as reference standard: an inter-observer agreement study.
26. Correlation of interstitial inflammation and interstitial fibrosis on renal biopsy with serum creatinine and proteinuria at diagnosis in chronic medical renal disease: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.
27. Inter-observer agreement for grading arterial intimal thickening and arteriolar hyalinosis in native renal biopsies using standardized semiquantitative criteria: an archival microscopy study.
28. Diagnostic contribution of immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M and complement deposition patterns to integrated diagnosis of glomerular disease: a retrospective renal biopsy correlation study.
29. Diagnostic accuracy of granular versus linear immunoglobulin G immunofluorescence patterns in glomerular capillary walls against integrated clinicopathological renal biopsy diagnosis as reference standard: a cross-sectional study.
30. Correlation of complement component three deposition intensity and distribution with proliferative glomerular morphology and serum complement levels in native renal biopsies: an archival clinicopathological study.
31. Frequency and diagnostic significance of kappa and lambda light-chain restriction on renal immunofluorescence in biopsies with suspected monoclonal immunoglobulin-associated renal disease: a retrospective study.
32. Pattern-based evaluation of mesangial, capillary-wall and linear immunofluorescence deposits against final renal biopsy diagnosis for classification of immune-mediated glomerular disease: a diagnostic accuracy study.
33. Diagnostic utility of paired box gene 8 and cytokeratin immunohistochemistry in limited renal biopsy tissue with suspected epithelial neoplasia, compared with final histopathological diagnosis: an archival study.
34. Correlation of Ki-67 labelling index with cellular proliferation and crescent cellularity in crescentic glomerulonephritis using routine histopathology as morphological comparator: an exploratory archival cross-sectional study.
35. Evaluation of complement component four degradation product staining in paraffin sections as an adjunct to routine renal biopsy interpretation, compared with available immunofluorescence findings: a diagnostic correlation study.
36. Correlation of podocyte-associated immunohistochemical marker expression with segmental sclerosis and proteinuria in biopsy-proven focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: an archival cross-sectional study using routinely available markers.
37. Diagnostic contribution of electron microscopy to native renal biopsies with equivocal light microscopy and immunofluorescence findings, using final integrated diagnosis as reference standard: a retrospective record-based study.
38. Correlation of glomerular basement membrane thickness abnormalities on electron microscopy with haematuria, proteinuria and light microscopic findings in selected native renal biopsies: an archival observational study.
39. Comparative assessment of podocyte foot process effacement on electron microscopy in minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, correlated with nephrotic-range proteinuria: a retrospective study.
40. Distribution and ultrastructural location of immune-complex deposits in selected glomerulonephritides using electron microscopy, compared with corresponding immunofluorescence patterns: an archival diagnostic correlation study.
41. Clinicopathological correlation between presenting syndrome, renal function and final integrated renal biopsy diagnosis in adults undergoing native kidney biopsy: a prospective observational study.
42. Correlation of serum creatinine, urinary protein excretion and active urinary sediment with histological activity and chronicity parameters in native renal biopsies: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Renal Tumours

43. Histological distribution of renal cell carcinoma subtypes in nephrectomy specimens classified according to the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours Fifth Edition: an archival cross-sectional study with stage correlation.
44. Correlation of nucleolar grade, tumour necrosis and pathological stage in clear cell renal cell carcinoma using nephrectomy specimens: a retrospective clinicopathological study of routinely reported prognostic parameters.
45. Diagnostic utility of carbonic anhydrase IX and cytokeratin 7 immunohistochemistry for differentiating clear cell renal cell carcinoma from common morphological mimics: an archival diagnostic accuracy study.
46. Histomorphological and immunohistochemical characterization of papillary renal cell carcinoma using alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase and cytokeratin 7, compared with final integrated diagnosis: an archival cross-sectional study.
47. Diagnostic value of diffuse cytokeratin 7 expression and characteristic perinuclear halos for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma against final histopathological diagnosis: a retrospective diagnostic accuracy study.
48. Morphological spectrum and clinicopathological features of collecting duct carcinoma and other high-grade renal carcinomas in nephrectomy specimens: an archival descriptive and comparative cross-sectional study.
49. Frequency and pathological characteristics of renal cell carcinomas remaining unclassified after routine morphology and basic immunohistochemistry, using final departmental diagnosis as reference: an archival audit study.
50. Morphological screening for transcription factor E3-rearranged renal tumours using papillary architecture, clear cells and psammoma bodies, with transcription factor E3 immunohistochemistry as comparator: an archival study.
51. Identification of fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma using characteristic morphology and loss of fumarate hydratase immunostaining, compared with final integrated pathological diagnosis: an archival diagnostic study.
52. Screening for succinate dehydrogenase-deficient renal cell carcinoma using eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions and loss of succinate dehydrogenase B immunostaining: an archival diagnostic correlation study.
53. Histomorphological spectrum of renal oncocytoma in nephrectomy specimens and diagnostic distinction from chromophobe renal cell carcinoma using cytokeratin 7 immunohistochemistry: a comparative cross-sectional study.
54. Morphological and immunohistochemical evaluation of renal angiomyolipoma using melanocytic and smooth-muscle markers, compared with final histopathological diagnosis: an archival diagnostic accuracy study.
55. Frequency and morphological characteristics of papillary adenoma in nephrectomy specimens removed for renal tumours, correlated with age, tumour multiplicity and background renal pathology: an archival study.
56. Histopathological evaluation of metanephric adenoma and its common mimics using morphology and available immunohistochemistry, with final integrated diagnosis as reference standard: an archival case-series study.
57. Correlation of blastemal, epithelial and stromal proportions in Wilms tumour with tumour necrosis and pathological stage in nephrectomy specimens: an archival cross-sectional paediatric tumour study.
58. Comparative histomorphology of congenital mesoblastic nephroma, Wilms tumour and other paediatric renal masses using routine sections and available immunohistochemistry: an archival diagnostic correlation study.
59. Pathological spectrum of clear cell sarcoma and rhabdoid tumour of kidney in children using morphology and basic immunohistochemistry, correlated with age and stage: an archival study.
60. Correlation of tumour necrosis percentage with nucleolar grade, sarcomatoid differentiation and pathological stage in renal cell carcinoma nephrectomy specimens: an archival prognostic pathology study.
61. Frequency and clinicopathological associations of sarcomatoid and rhabdoid differentiation in renal cell carcinoma, correlated with tumour grade and pathological stage at nephrectomy: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
62. Association of lymphovascular invasion with tumour size, renal sinus invasion and pathological stage in renal cell carcinoma nephrectomy specimens: an archival clinicopathological correlation study.
63. Diagnostic performance of a basic immunohistochemistry panel comprising paired box gene 8, cytokeratin 7, carbonic anhydrase IX and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase for major renal tumour subtypes: an archival study.

Renal Pelvis and Upper Urinary Tract

64. Histopathological spectrum of chronic inflammatory lesions of the renal pelvis in nephrectomy specimens for obstructive uropathy, correlated with stone disease and hydronephrosis: an archival cross-sectional study.
65. Correlation of chronic pyelitis severity with urothelial reactive atypia and underlying renal parenchymal scarring in nephrectomy specimens: a retrospective histopathological study using standardized semiquantitative parameters.
66. Histomorphological features of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in nephrectomy specimens and their correlation with urolithiasis, pyonephrosis and renal cortical destruction: an archival clinicopathological study.
67. Diagnostic utility of periodic acid-Schiff and calcium stains in suspected malakoplakia of the upper urinary tract against characteristic histomorphology as reference standard: an archival diagnostic study.
68. Frequency and morphological characteristics of reactive urothelial changes in renal pelvis specimens with chronic inflammation, compared with dysplasia and carcinoma in situ: a retrospective comparative study.
69. Inter-observer agreement for distinguishing reactive atypia from urothelial dysplasia in upper urinary tract specimens using standardized cytological and architectural criteria: an archival blinded microscopy study.
70. Diagnostic value of nuclear pleomorphism, loss of polarity and mitotic activity for upper urinary tract carcinoma in situ against consensus histopathological diagnosis: an archival diagnostic accuracy study.
71. Histological grade distribution of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma in nephroureterectomy specimens using current World Health Organization criteria, correlated with pathological stage: an archival cross-sectional study.
72. Correlation of tumour architecture, grade and depth of invasion in renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma using nephroureterectomy specimens: a retrospective clinicopathological study of routinely assessed parameters.
73. Histopathological comparison of renal pelvis and ureteric urothelial carcinomas for grade, invasion pattern, lymphovascular invasion and pathological stage: an archival comparative cross-sectional study.
74. Frequency and clinicopathological significance of squamous differentiation in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma, correlated with grade, muscular invasion and pathological stage: an archival study.
75. Frequency and pathological associations of glandular differentiation in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma, correlated with tumour grade and stage: a retrospective nephroureterectomy specimen study.
76. Histological spectrum of variant morphology in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma using routine haematoxylin and eosin sections, correlated with pathological stage: an archival cross-sectional study.
77. Inter-observer agreement for assessment of muscular and periureteric invasion in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma using standardized pathological criteria: an archival blinded review study.
78. Association of infiltrative versus pushing invasion pattern with lymphovascular invasion and pathological stage in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: an archival clinicopathological correlation study.
79. Frequency and extent of carcinoma in situ adjacent to invasive upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma in nephroureterectomy specimens, correlated with multifocality and grade: a retrospective study.
80. Correlation of tumour size and multifocality with histological grade and pathological stage in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: an archival cross-sectional study using nephroureterectomy specimens.
81. Diagnostic role of cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20 and GATA binding protein 3 immunohistochemistry in poorly differentiated upper urinary tract carcinomas, compared with final integrated diagnosis: an archival study.
82. Histopathological assessment of ureteric surgical margins in nephroureterectomy specimens for urothelial carcinoma and correlation with adjacent carcinoma in situ: a retrospective quality-focused study.
83. Prevalence of incidental urothelial neoplasia in nephrectomy specimens removed for chronic inflammatory and obstructive renal disease: an archival cross-sectional study using systematic renal pelvis sampling.
84. Correlation of radiological wall thickening or filling defects with histopathological inflammation, dysplasia and malignancy in upper urinary tract surgical specimens: a retrospective radiology-pathology correlation study.

Ureteric Pathology

85. Histopathological spectrum of ureteric strictures in resection specimens using fibrosis, inflammation and urothelial alteration as parameters, correlated with documented obstructive causes: an archival cross-sectional study.
86. Morphological evaluation of congenital ureteric abnormalities in paediatric surgical specimens and correlation with hydronephrosis and renal cortical damage: a retrospective clinicopathological study.
87. Correlation of degree of ureteric obstruction with muscular hypertrophy, fibrosis and chronic inflammation in resected ureteric specimens: an archival semiquantitative histopathology study.
88. Histopathological spectrum of acute and chronic ureteritis in ureteric biopsies and resections, correlated with urolithiasis, instrumentation and documented urinary infection: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
89. Frequency and morphology of granulomatous ureteritis in ureteric specimens using Ziehl-Neelsen stain where indicated, compared with final clinicopathological diagnosis: an archival diagnostic study.
90. Diagnostic utility of Michaelis-Gutmann bodies and special stains in ureteric malakoplakia against consensus histopathological diagnosis: an archival diagnostic correlation study.
91. Frequency of reactive urothelial atypia in chronically inflamed ureteric specimens and its distinction from dysplasia using standardized morphological criteria: an archival comparative cross-sectional study.
92. Histopathological distribution of benign and malignant urothelial lesions in ureteric biopsies and resections from adults with obstructive or haematuric presentations: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
93. Correlation of histological grade with depth of invasion in primary ureteric urothelial carcinoma using ureterectomy and nephroureterectomy specimens: an archival clinicopathological study.
94. Association of lymphovascular invasion with tumour grade and pathological stage in ureteric urothelial carcinoma: a retrospective archival study using routinely reported histological parameters.
95. Frequency and pathological significance of squamous differentiation in ureteric urothelial carcinoma, correlated with tumour grade and invasion depth: an archival cross-sectional study.
96. Histomorphological spectrum of primary squamous lesions of the ureter and their relationship with chronic inflammation and urolithiasis: an archival descriptive study.
97. Diagnostic evaluation of rare ureteric mesenchymal and epithelial tumours using routine morphology and a limited immunohistochemistry panel, with final integrated diagnosis as reference: an archival study.
98. Inter-observer agreement for grading ureteric urothelial carcinoma using current World Health Organization criteria on routine histological sections: an archival blinded agreement study.
99. Inter-observer agreement for assessment of lamina propria, muscular and periureteric soft-tissue invasion in ureteric carcinoma specimens: an archival microscopy agreement study.
100. Correlation of tumour location within the ureter with grade, stage and obstruction-associated renal damage in nephroureterectomy specimens: a retrospective clinicopathological study.
101. Frequency of carcinoma in situ adjacent to invasive ureteric urothelial carcinoma and its association with multifocality and high histological grade: an archival cross-sectional study.
102. Diagnostic performance of GATA binding protein 3 and p63 immunohistochemistry for confirming urothelial differentiation in poorly differentiated ureteric malignancies: an archival diagnostic accuracy study.
103. Histopathological audit of ureteric biopsy adequacy for grading and invasion assessment in suspected urothelial carcinoma, using subsequent resection as reference where available: a retrospective study.
104. Comparative histopathological assessment of ureteric changes in stone-associated obstruction and non-stone obstruction using inflammation, fibrosis and urothelial atypia parameters: an archival cross-sectional study.
105. Correlation of radiological ureteric wall thickening with histopathological inflammation, fibrosis and malignancy in ureteric biopsy and resection specimens: a retrospective radiology-pathology correlation study.

Urinary Bladder Pathology

106. Histopathological spectrum of non-neoplastic urinary bladder lesions in biopsy specimens from adults with irritative urinary symptoms or haematuria: an archival cross-sectional study using routine morphology.
107. Comparative histomorphology of acute and chronic cystitis using inflammatory cell composition, mucosal injury and stromal changes, correlated with available urine culture findings: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
108. Frequency and clinicopathological features of follicular cystitis in urinary bladder biopsies, correlated with recurrent urinary infection and chronic mucosal inflammation: an archival observational study.
109. Histomorphological features of eosinophilic cystitis and their correlation with peripheral eosinophilia and documented clinical triggers: a retrospective archival study using routine haematoxylin and eosin sections.
110. Diagnostic spectrum of cystitis cystica, cystitis glandularis and von Brunn nests in bladder biopsies, with assessment of associated chronic inflammation and urothelial atypia: an archival cross-sectional study.
111. Inter-observer agreement for distinguishing reactive urothelial atypia, dysplasia and carcinoma in situ in urinary bladder biopsies using standardized morphological criteria: an archival blinded study.
112. Diagnostic utility of p53 and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry for distinguishing urothelial carcinoma in situ from reactive atypia, using consensus histopathological diagnosis as reference standard: an archival study.
113. Histological distribution of papillary urothelial neoplasms according to current World Health Organization classification in transurethral resection specimens: an archival cross-sectional study with invasion correlation.
114. Inter-observer agreement for classification of urothelial papilloma, papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential and low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma: an archival microscopy study.
115. Correlation of papillary urothelial carcinoma grade with lamina propria invasion, muscular invasion and lymphovascular invasion in transurethral resection specimens: a retrospective clinicopathological study.
116. Diagnostic accuracy of detrusor muscle identification for staging bladder urothelial carcinoma in transurethral resection specimens, using repeat resection or cystectomy as reference where available: an archival study.
117. Frequency and pathological correlates of lymphovascular invasion in invasive urothelial carcinoma, associated with histological grade, muscular invasion and pathological stage: an archival cross-sectional study.
118. Histological spectrum and stage distribution of micropapillary, plasmacytoid, nested and sarcomatoid variants of urothelial carcinoma in bladder specimens: an archival descriptive study.
119. Correlation of squamous differentiation in urothelial carcinoma with grade, muscular invasion and pathological stage in transurethral resection and cystectomy specimens: a retrospective study.
120. Correlation of glandular differentiation in urothelial carcinoma with grade, invasion depth and associated carcinoma in situ in urinary bladder specimens: an archival cross-sectional study.
121. Histomorphological features of primary squamous cell carcinoma of urinary bladder and association with chronic inflammation, calculi and pathological stage: a retrospective archival study.
122. Comparative histopathology of primary bladder adenocarcinoma and urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation using morphology and basic immunohistochemistry: an archival diagnostic correlation study.
123. Morphological and immunohistochemical characterization of small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder using neuroendocrine markers, compared with final integrated diagnosis: an archival study.
124. Diagnostic performance of GATA binding protein 3, p63, cytokeratin 7 and uroplakin immunohistochemistry for confirming urothelial differentiation in poorly differentiated bladder tumours: an archival study.
125. Correlation of Ki-67 proliferation index and p53 expression pattern with histological grade and muscular invasion in urothelial carcinoma: an archival cross-sectional immunohistochemical study.
126. Histopathological audit of transurethral bladder tumour resection specimens for detrusor muscle presence, cautery artefact, grade and staging adequacy: a retrospective laboratory quality study.

Urinary Cytology

127. Diagnostic accuracy of conventional urine cytology for detection of high-grade urothelial carcinoma against cystoscopic biopsy or transurethral resection histopathology as reference standard: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.
128. Cytomorphological spectrum of benign urothelial cells and reactive atypia in voided urine specimens, correlated with cystoscopic and histopathological findings where available: a prospective observational study.
129. Inter-observer agreement for classification of atypical urothelial cells in urine cytology using the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology: a blinded cross-sectional study.
130. Risk of high-grade urothelial malignancy for each category of the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology using subsequent histopathology as reference standard: an archival cohort study.
131. Diagnostic accuracy of the non-diagnostic and negative categories of the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology using cystoscopic biopsy or resection as reference: a retrospective study.
132. Histopathological outcomes of atypical urothelial cells reported by the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology in adults investigated for haematuria: an archival correlation study.
133. Risk of high-grade urothelial carcinoma among cases reported as suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma using subsequent biopsy or resection histopathology as reference standard: a retrospective study.
134. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of the high-grade urothelial carcinoma category of the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology against histopathology: a diagnostic accuracy study.
135. Comparative diagnostic performance of voided urine and instrumented urine cytology for detection of high-grade urothelial carcinoma against histopathological confirmation: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.
136. Cytology-histopathology correlation of urine specimens and cystoscopic bladder biopsies in patients evaluated for haematuria, with analysis of concordant and discordant diagnostic categories: a retrospective study.
137. Cytology-histopathology correlation of urine specimens with transurethral bladder tumour resections for tumour grade and high-grade urothelial carcinoma detection: an archival diagnostic correlation study.
138. Analysis of false-positive urine cytology for high-grade urothelial carcinoma with review of reactive atypia, instrumentation changes and inflammatory backgrounds: a retrospective discrepancy audit.
139. Analysis of false-negative urine cytology in histologically confirmed high-grade urothelial carcinoma with assessment of cellularity, degeneration and tumour morphology: a retrospective quality audit.
140. Effect of urine specimen cellularity and degeneration on adequacy and diagnostic categorization under the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology: a prospective cross-sectional study.
141. Inter-observer agreement between postgraduate residents and faculty pathologists for reporting urine cytology using the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology: a blinded agreement study.
142. Intra-observer reproducibility of the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology categories after a standardized interval using de-identified archived urine cytology slides: an agreement study.
143. Diagnostic utility of cell block preparation as an adjunct to conventional urine cytology for suspected high-grade urothelial carcinoma, compared with histopathology as reference standard: a prospective study.
144. Diagnostic contribution of GATA binding protein 3 immunocytochemistry on urine cell blocks in cytologically suspicious cases, compared with subsequent histopathological diagnosis: an archival diagnostic study.
145. Diagnostic utility of p53 and Ki-67 immunocytochemistry in urine cell blocks categorized as atypical or suspicious under the Paris System, using histopathology as reference: an archival study.
146. Comparative adequacy and detection rate of high-grade urothelial carcinoma in first-void versus later-void urine specimens using the Paris System, with histopathological correlation: a prospective observational study.
147. Laboratory audit of adequacy, reporting categories and cytology-histopathology concordance in urine cytology using the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology: a retrospective quality indicator study.

Prostate Pathology

148. Histopathological spectrum of benign prostatic lesions in transurethral resection specimens from men with lower urinary tract symptoms: an archival cross-sectional study using routine morphology.
149. Correlation of glandular and stromal proportions in benign prostatic hyperplasia with prostate volume and preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen concentration: a retrospective clinicopathological study.
150. Histomorphological spectrum of acute, chronic and granulomatous prostatitis in prostate specimens, correlated with serum prostate-specific antigen and available microbiological findings: an archival cross-sectional study.
151. Diagnostic evaluation of granulomatous prostatitis using morphology and Ziehl-Neelsen staining where indicated, compared with final clinicopathological diagnosis: an archival diagnostic correlation study.
152. Frequency and morphological features of prostatic infarction in transurethral resection specimens and its association with instrumentation, inflammation and serum prostate-specific antigen elevation: a retrospective study.
153. Prevalence and clinicopathological features of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in needle biopsy specimens, correlated with concurrent or subsequent prostatic adenocarcinoma: an archival study.
154. Histopathological outcome of atypical small acinar proliferation diagnosed on prostate needle biopsy, using subsequent biopsy or resection histopathology as reference standard: a retrospective correlation study.
155. Frequency and pathological associations of intraductal carcinoma in prostate biopsies and prostatectomy specimens, correlated with grade group and tumour extent: an archival cross-sectional study.
156. Distribution of Gleason patterns and Grade Groups in prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma diagnosed on needle biopsy: an archival cross-sectional study with correlation to serum prostate-specific antigen.
157. Concordance of Gleason score and Grade Group between prostate needle biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens: a retrospective paired-sample agreement study.
158. Correlation of tumour volume in radical prostatectomy specimens with Grade Group, extraprostatic extension and surgical margin status: an archival clinicopathological study.
159. Association of perineural invasion on prostate needle biopsy with Grade Group and extraprostatic extension in subsequent radical prostatectomy specimens: a retrospective predictive correlation study.
160. Frequency and pathological significance of lymphovascular invasion in radical prostatectomy specimens, correlated with Grade Group, seminal vesicle invasion and pathological stage: an archival study.
161. Diagnostic accuracy of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase with p63 and high-molecular-weight cytokeratin for distinguishing prostatic adenocarcinoma from benign mimics: an archival immunohistochemical study.
162. Diagnostic performance of NK3 homeobox 1 and prostate-specific antigen immunohistochemistry for confirming prostatic origin in poorly differentiated metastatic adenocarcinoma: an archival diagnostic accuracy study.
163. Correlation of Ki-67 proliferation index with Grade Group and tumour extent in prostatic adenocarcinoma: an archival cross-sectional immunohistochemical study using prostatectomy specimens.
164. Histomorphological and immunohistochemical characterization of ductal adenocarcinoma of prostate using routine markers, compared with conventional acinar adenocarcinoma: an archival comparative study.
165. Morphological spectrum of neuroendocrine carcinoma involving prostate using routine histology and neuroendocrine immunohistochemistry, correlated with clinical presentation and serum prostate-specific antigen: an archival study.
166. Histopathological spectrum of stromal tumours of the prostate using morphology and limited immunohistochemistry, with final integrated diagnosis as reference: an archival descriptive study.
167. Diagnostic differentiation of urothelial carcinoma involving prostate from prostatic adenocarcinoma using GATA binding protein 3, NK3 homeobox 1 and prostate-specific antigen: an archival diagnostic study.
168. Histopathology audit of prostate needle biopsies for core number, tissue adequacy, tumour extent, Grade Group and reporting completeness: a retrospective laboratory quality study.

Testicular Pathology

169. Histopathological spectrum of testicular germ cell tumours in orchidectomy specimens classified according to current World Health Organization criteria: an archival cross-sectional study with age and stage correlation.
170. Morphological and immunohistochemical characterization of seminoma using octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 and cluster of differentiation 117, compared with final integrated diagnosis: an archival diagnostic study.
171. Diagnostic utility of octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 and spalt like transcription factor 4 for embryonal carcinoma in mixed testicular germ cell tumours: an archival diagnostic accuracy study.
172. Morphological and immunohistochemical evaluation of yolk sac tumour using alpha-fetoprotein and glypican-3, compared with final integrated histopathological diagnosis: an archival diagnostic study.
173. Histological identification of choriocarcinoma components in mixed germ cell tumours and correlation with haemorrhage, necrosis and serum tumour marker levels: a retrospective archival study.
174. Histomorphological spectrum of teratomatous components in postpubertal testicular germ cell tumours, correlated with other germ cell elements and pathological stage: an archival cross-sectional study.
175. Frequency and proportional composition of individual tumour components in mixed germ cell tumours, correlated with serum tumour markers and pathological stage: an archival clinicopathological study.
176. Prevalence and distribution of germ cell neoplasia in situ adjacent to invasive germ cell tumours in orchidectomy specimens using routine morphology: an archival cross-sectional study.
177. Diagnostic utility of octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 and placental alkaline phosphatase immunohistochemistry for germ cell neoplasia in situ against consensus histopathological diagnosis: an archival study.
178. Morphological and immunohistochemical characterization of Leydig cell tumour using inhibin and steroidogenic factor 1, compared with final integrated diagnosis: an archival diagnostic study.
179. Diagnostic evaluation of Sertoli cell tumour using morphology and sex cord-stromal immunohistochemical markers, compared with final histopathological diagnosis: an archival study.
180. Histopathological spectrum of sex cord-stromal tumours of the testis and correlation of tumour size, atypia, mitoses and necrosis with final diagnostic category: an archival study.
181. Histomorphological spectrum of orchitis in orchidectomy specimens, including acute, chronic and granulomatous patterns, correlated with documented clinical and microbiological findings: an archival cross-sectional study.
182. Diagnostic evaluation of granulomatous orchitis using routine histology and Ziehl-Neelsen staining where indicated, compared with final clinicopathological diagnosis: an archival retrospective study.
183. Histopathological changes in testicular torsion assessed by haemorrhage, infarction and seminiferous tubular injury, correlated with duration of symptoms before orchidectomy: a retrospective study.
184. Morphological spectrum of testicular infarction and its association with torsion, vascular disease and inflammation in orchidectomy specimens: an archival clinicopathological study.
185. Histological grading of testicular atrophy using seminiferous tubular diameter, basement membrane thickening and spermatogenic activity, correlated with documented infertility or cryptorchidism: an archival study.
186. Testicular histopathology in orchidectomy specimens for cryptorchidism, assessing germ-cell depletion, tubular atrophy and interstitial changes in relation to patient age: a retrospective study.
187. Diagnostic performance of spalt like transcription factor 4, octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4, cluster of differentiation 117 and glypican-3 for classifying testicular germ cell tumours: an archival immunohistochemical study.
188. Inter-observer agreement for identifying individual components of mixed germ cell tumours on routine histology using consensus diagnosis as reference: an archival blinded microscopy study.
189. Histopathological audit of orchidectomy specimens for tumour sampling, germ cell neoplasia in situ assessment, lymphovascular invasion and margin reporting: a retrospective laboratory quality study.

Epididymis and Paratesticular Pathology

190. Histopathological spectrum of epididymal lesions in excision and orchidectomy specimens, correlated with age, presenting symptoms and documented infective causes: an archival cross-sectional study.
191. Morphological patterns of acute and chronic epididymitis using inflammatory cell composition and fibrosis, correlated with available microbiological findings: a retrospective clinicopathological study.
192. Diagnostic evaluation of granulomatous epididymitis using routine morphology and Ziehl-Neelsen staining where indicated, compared with final clinicopathological diagnosis: an archival diagnostic study.
193. Histomorphological and immunohistochemical characterization of epididymal adenomatoid tumour using mesothelial markers, compared with final integrated diagnosis: an archival diagnostic correlation study.
194. Histopathological spectrum of benign paratesticular tumours in surgical specimens, including lipoma, leiomyoma and adenomatoid tumour: an archival cross-sectional study with anatomical-site correlation.
195. Comparative morphology of adenomatoid tumour and common spindle-cell or epithelial paratesticular mimics using routine histology and limited immunohistochemistry: an archival diagnostic study.
196. Histological assessment of cellularity, atypia, mitotic activity and necrosis in paratesticular leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma, compared with final diagnosis: an archival comparative study.
197. Morphological spectrum of paratesticular lipomatous tumours using adipocytic atypia and stromal features, correlated with final histopathological diagnosis: an archival cross-sectional study.
198. Histopathological features of paratesticular liposarcoma and association of tumour grade, necrosis and margin status with pathological stage: an archival clinicopathological study.
199. Morphological and immunohistochemical characterization of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma in paediatric and adolescent specimens using skeletal muscle markers: an archival diagnostic study.
200. Histological spectrum of paratesticular leiomyosarcoma using smooth-muscle differentiation, mitotic activity and tumour necrosis, correlated with margin status: an archival observational study.
201. Frequency and morphology of inflammatory lesions of the spermatic cord in orchidectomy and cord excision specimens: an archival cross-sectional study with clinical correlation.
202. Histopathological spectrum of benign spermatic cord lesions using routine morphology, correlated with age, laterality and presenting clinical diagnosis: a retrospective study.
203. Comparative histopathology of benign and malignant mesenchymal spermatic cord lesions using cellular atypia, mitoses and necrosis, with final diagnosis as reference: an archival study.
204. Diagnostic performance of a limited immunohistochemistry panel for spindle-cell paratesticular tumours compared with final integrated histopathological diagnosis: an archival diagnostic accuracy study.
205. Correlation of preoperative radiological impression with final histopathological diagnosis in epididymal and paratesticular masses: a retrospective radiology-pathology correlation study.
206. Frequency of unsuspected neoplasia among clinically diagnosed epididymal cysts and paratesticular benign masses: an archival cross-sectional study using excision histopathology as reference.
207. Inter-observer agreement for classification of common benign and malignant paratesticular spindle-cell lesions using routine morphology and selected immunohistochemistry: an archival blinded study.
208. Histological evaluation of surgical margins in malignant paratesticular tumours and correlation with tumour size, necrosis and pathological stage: an archival clinicopathological study.
209. Morphological assessment of granulomatous inflammation in epididymal and spermatic cord specimens and correlation with tuberculosis-associated histological features: an archival retrospective study.
210. Histopathology audit of epididymal and paratesticular specimens for sampling adequacy, tumour classification, margin assessment and use of ancillary immunohistochemistry: a retrospective quality study.

Penile Pathology

211. Histopathological spectrum of inflammatory penile lesions in biopsy and penectomy specimens, correlated with clinical diagnosis and anatomical site: an archival cross-sectional study using routine morphology.
212. Histomorphological evaluation of balanitis using epithelial injury, inflammatory infiltrate and stromal changes, correlated with documented clinical risk factors: a retrospective clinicopathological study.
213. Histopathological features of penile lichen sclerosus and their association with epithelial dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma in circumcision and penectomy specimens: an archival study.
214. Frequency and morphological spectrum of penile intraepithelial neoplasia in biopsy and penectomy specimens using current World Health Organization criteria: an archival cross-sectional study.
215. Diagnostic utility of p16 immunohistochemistry for human papillomavirus-associated penile intraepithelial neoplasia against morphology-based classification as reference standard: an archival diagnostic study.
216. Morphological comparison of human papillomavirus-associated and human papillomavirus-independent precursor lesions of penile squamous cell carcinoma using p16 and p53 immunohistochemistry: an archival study.
217. Histological distribution of penile squamous cell carcinoma subtypes according to current World Health Organization criteria, correlated with anatomical site and pathological stage: an archival cross-sectional study.
218. Correlation of p16 block positivity with morphological subtype and pathological stage in penile squamous cell carcinoma: an archival cross-sectional immunohistochemical study.
219. Correlation of abnormal p53 expression patterns with human papillomavirus-independent penile squamous cell carcinoma morphology and pathological stage: an archival immunohistochemical study.
220. Histopathological spectrum of conventional and variant penile squamous cell carcinoma using routine morphology, correlated with tumour grade and depth of invasion: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
221. Association of histological grade with depth of invasion and lymphovascular invasion in penile squamous cell carcinoma: an archival clinicopathological correlation study using penectomy specimens.
222. Association of perineural invasion with tumour grade, depth of invasion and nodal metastasis in penile squamous cell carcinoma: an archival cross-sectional prognostic pathology study.
223. Frequency and pathological correlates of lymphovascular invasion in penile squamous cell carcinoma, including tumour thickness, grade and nodal involvement: a retrospective archival study.
224. Correlation of tumour thickness and anatomical level of invasion with inguinal nodal metastasis in penile squamous cell carcinoma: an archival clinicopathological study.
225. Histological assessment of surgical margins in penectomy specimens for squamous cell carcinoma and correlation with tumour location and depth of invasion: a retrospective pathology audit.
226. Inter-observer agreement for histological grading of penile squamous cell carcinoma using standardized criteria on routine haematoxylin and eosin sections: an archival blinded study.
227. Inter-observer agreement for assessment of lymphovascular and perineural invasion in penile squamous cell carcinoma using consensus microscopy as reference: an archival agreement study.
228. Correlation of Ki-67 proliferation index with histological grade and depth of invasion in penile squamous cell carcinoma: an archival immunohistochemical cross-sectional study.
229. Comparative expression of p16, p53 and Ki-67 in penile intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma, correlated with morphological pathway: an archival study.
230. Histopathological correlation between primary penile squamous cell carcinoma features and inguinal lymph node metastasis in paired penectomy and lymphadenectomy specimens: an archival study.
231. Histopathology audit of penectomy specimens for tumour size, grade, depth, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion and margin documentation: a retrospective laboratory quality study.

Scrotal Pathology

232. Histopathological spectrum of inflammatory scrotal lesions in excision specimens, correlated with clinical presentation and documented infectious or traumatic causes: an archival cross-sectional study.
233. Comparative histomorphology of acute and chronic scrotal inflammation using inflammatory cell composition, tissue necrosis and fibrosis, correlated with clinical duration: a retrospective study.
234. Histopathological evaluation of granulomatous scrotal inflammation using routine morphology and Ziehl-Neelsen staining where indicated, compared with final clinicopathological diagnosis: an archival diagnostic study.
235. Morphological spectrum of scrotal epidermal cysts in excision specimens and correlation with rupture-associated inflammation and foreign-body giant-cell reaction: an archival cross-sectional study.
236. Histopathological characteristics of idiopathic scrotal calcinosis using calcium deposition pattern and associated cystic remnants, correlated with clinical multiplicity and duration: a retrospective study.
237. Diagnostic utility of special stains for calcium in scrotal calcinosis compared with routine haematoxylin and eosin morphology: an archival diagnostic correlation study.
238. Histopathological spectrum of benign mesenchymal scrotal lesions using routine morphology and limited immunohistochemistry, with final integrated diagnosis as reference: an archival study.
239. Frequency and pathological characteristics of benign vascular lesions of the scrotum, correlated with clinical diagnosis and lesion size: an archival cross-sectional study.
240. Histomorphological spectrum of scrotal squamous cell carcinoma using grade, depth of invasion and lymphovascular invasion parameters: an archival cross-sectional study with stage correlation.
241. Association of chronic inflammatory or scar-related changes with scrotal squamous cell carcinoma in excision specimens: a retrospective clinicopathological correlation study.
242. Correlation of tumour grade with depth of invasion and margin status in scrotal squamous cell carcinoma: an archival cross-sectional study using resection specimens.
243. Frequency and pathological significance of lymphovascular and perineural invasion in scrotal squamous cell carcinoma, correlated with tumour grade and nodal status: an archival study.
244. Histopathological spectrum of malignant soft-tissue tumours of the scrotum using morphology and limited immunohistochemistry, correlated with age and tumour size: an archival study.
245. Diagnostic performance of smooth-muscle and skeletal-muscle immunohistochemical markers in differentiating common scrotal spindle-cell malignancies: an archival diagnostic correlation study.
246. Morphological and immunohistochemical evaluation of metastatic malignancies involving scrotal skin or soft tissue, compared with documented primary tumour diagnosis: an archival study.
247. Correlation of clinical impression with final histopathological diagnosis in scrotal nodules and masses submitted for excision: a retrospective clinicopathological concordance study.
248. Inter-observer agreement for distinguishing benign reactive spindle-cell lesions from malignant scrotal mesenchymal tumours using routine morphology: an archival blinded microscopy study.
249. Histological evaluation of surgical margins in malignant scrotal lesions and association with tumour size, grade and depth of invasion: an archival clinicopathological study.
250. Frequency of unsuspected malignancy among clinically benign scrotal masses using excision histopathology as reference standard: a retrospective cross-sectional diagnostic audit.
251. Histopathological audit of scrotal excision specimens for clinical information, sampling adequacy, diagnostic categorization and margin reporting: a retrospective laboratory quality study.
252. Correlation of ultrasonographic categorization with histopathological diagnosis in surgically excised scrotal wall lesions: a retrospective radiology-pathology correlation study.

Urolithiasis and Obstructive Uropathy

253. Histopathological spectrum of renal parenchymal changes associated with urolithiasis in nephrectomy specimens, assessing tubular injury, inflammation, fibrosis and cortical scarring: an archival cross-sectional study.
254. Correlation of stone burden and hydronephrosis with severity of chronic tubulointerstitial injury in nephrectomy specimens for calculous disease: a retrospective clinicopathological study.
255. Histological assessment of tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis in kidneys removed for longstanding stone disease, correlated with preoperative renal function: an archival cross-sectional study.
256. Frequency and morphology of renal papillary injury in nephrectomy specimens associated with urolithiasis, correlated with chronic inflammation and collecting-system obstruction: an archival study.
257. Comparative renal histopathology in staghorn calculi and non-staghorn calculi using inflammation, fibrosis, tubular atrophy and parenchymal destruction as parameters: an archival cross-sectional study.
258. Correlation of hydronephrosis grade with renal cortical thinning, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis in nephrectomy specimens for obstructive uropathy: a retrospective study.
259. Histopathological spectrum of hydronephrotic kidneys removed for benign obstruction, correlated with cause, duration of symptoms and preoperative renal function: an archival cross-sectional study.
260. Morphological evaluation of hydroureter specimens using smooth-muscle hypertrophy, fibrosis and chronic inflammation, correlated with anatomical level of obstruction: a retrospective study.
261. Comparative renal parenchymal damage in unilateral obstructive uropathy caused by calculi versus pelviureteric junction obstruction: an archival comparative cross-sectional study.
262. Correlation of cortical thickness on preoperative imaging with histological tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis in nephrectomy specimens for obstructive uropathy: a retrospective radiology-pathology study.
263. Histopathological features of chronic pyelonephritis associated with urolithiasis and their correlation with hydronephrosis, pyonephrosis and renal cortical scarring: an archival clinicopathological study.
264. Morphological spectrum of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis associated with renal calculi, using foamy histiocytes, abscess formation and fibrosis as parameters: an archival cross-sectional study.
265. Diagnostic utility of periodic acid-Schiff and Ziehl-Neelsen stains in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis for excluding fungal and mycobacterial mimics: an archival diagnostic study.
266. Histopathological evaluation of pyonephrosis in nephrectomy specimens using suppurative inflammation, necrosis and parenchymal destruction, correlated with available microbiological findings: a retrospective study.
267. Correlation of urine culture positivity with histological severity of infection in stone-associated nephrectomy specimens: a retrospective clinicopathological study using inflammation and abscess formation parameters.
268. Frequency and morphological pattern of urothelial metaplasia and reactive atypia in calculous obstructive disease of the renal pelvis: an archival cross-sectional study.
269. Association of longstanding urolithiasis with squamous metaplasia, dysplasia and malignancy in nephrectomy and nephroureterectomy specimens: an archival retrospective study.
270. Histological severity scoring of obstructive nephropathy using glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and inflammation, correlated with serum creatinine: a cross-sectional archival study.
271. Inter-observer agreement for semiquantitative grading of tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis in nephrectomy specimens for obstructive uropathy: an archival blinded microscopy study.
272. Correlation of duration of obstructive symptoms with renal parenchymal destruction and chronic inflammatory changes in nephrectomy specimens: a retrospective clinicopathological study.
273. Histopathology audit of nephrectomy specimens for urolithiasis and obstruction, assessing representative sampling of renal parenchyma, pelvis and suspicious mucosal lesions: a retrospective quality study.

Infectious Urological Pathology

274. Histopathological spectrum of bacterial pyelonephritis in nephrectomy specimens using acute inflammation, abscess formation and chronic scarring, correlated with available urine culture findings: a retrospective study.
275. Comparative morphology of acute and chronic pyelonephritis in nephrectomy specimens using neutrophilic inflammation, tubular destruction, thyroidisation and fibrosis as parameters: an archival cross-sectional study.
276. Histopathological spectrum of infectious cystitis in urinary bladder biopsies, correlated with clinical presentation, urine microscopy and available culture results: a retrospective clinicopathological study.
277. Morphological evaluation of acute and chronic prostatitis in transurethral resection specimens, correlated with available urine culture and serum prostate-specific antigen concentration: an archival study.
278. Histopathological spectrum of epididymo-orchitis in orchidectomy specimens using inflammatory pattern, necrosis and granuloma formation, correlated with available microbiological data: an archival cross-sectional study.
279. Diagnostic accuracy of caseous necrosis, epithelioid granulomas and Langhans giant cells for genitourinary tuberculosis against microbiological or clinicopathological confirmation: an archival diagnostic study.
280. Histopathological spectrum of renal tuberculosis in nephrectomy specimens using granulomas, necrosis and fibrosis, correlated with radiological destruction and microbiological findings: a retrospective study.
281. Diagnostic yield of Ziehl-Neelsen staining in histologically suspected renal tuberculosis compared with final clinicopathological diagnosis: an archival diagnostic accuracy study.
282. Histopathological features of tuberculous cystitis in bladder biopsies and correlation with urinary tuberculosis investigations and upper urinary tract involvement: a retrospective archival study.
283. Morphological spectrum of prostatic tuberculosis in transurethral resection and biopsy specimens, correlated with clinical suspicion and available microbiological findings: an archival study.
284. Diagnostic evaluation of epididymal and testicular tuberculosis using granulomatous morphology and Ziehl-Neelsen staining, compared with final clinicopathological diagnosis: a retrospective diagnostic study.
285. Comparative histopathology of tuberculous and non-tuberculous granulomatous inflammation in genitourinary specimens using necrosis pattern and special stains: an archival cross-sectional study.
286. Histopathological spectrum of renal fungal infections in nephrectomy and biopsy specimens using periodic acid-Schiff staining, correlated with diabetes, immunosuppression and culture where available: an archival study.
287. Diagnostic utility of periodic acid-Schiff staining for fungal organisms in necrotising renal inflammation compared with final clinicopathological diagnosis: an archival diagnostic accuracy study.
288. Morphological spectrum of fungal cystitis in urinary bladder specimens using routine histology and periodic acid-Schiff stain, correlated with clinical risk factors: a retrospective study.
289. Histopathological evaluation of Candida-associated urinary tract lesions in tissue specimens, correlated with diabetes mellitus, catheterisation and available microbiological evidence: an archival observational study.
290. Histopathological spectrum of uncommon parasitic lesions of the urinary tract using routine morphology and special stains where indicated: an archival descriptive study.
291. Diagnostic differentiation of infectious granulomatous lesions from non-infectious granulomatous inflammation in urological specimens using morphology and targeted special stains: an archival diagnostic correlation study.
292. Frequency and clinicopathological characteristics of mixed acute and granulomatous inflammation in genitourinary tuberculosis specimens: an archival cross-sectional study using routine histology.
293. Concordance between histopathological suspicion and available microbiological confirmation in genitourinary tuberculosis across renal, bladder, prostate and epididymal specimens: a retrospective diagnostic correlation study.
294. Laboratory audit of special-stain utilisation in suspected infectious urological pathology, assessing diagnostic yield of Ziehl-Neelsen and periodic acid-Schiff stains: a retrospective quality study.

Urological Pathology in Systemic Diseases

295. Histological classification of diabetic nephropathy in renal biopsies using standardized glomerular, tubulointerstitial and vascular parameters, correlated with proteinuria and renal function: an archival cross-sectional study.
296. Correlation of glomerular basement membrane and mesangial alterations in diabetic nephropathy with duration of diabetes and serum creatinine at biopsy: a retrospective clinicopathological study.
297. Association of arteriolar hyalinosis and arterial sclerosis with glomerulosclerosis and renal dysfunction in biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy: an archival cross-sectional study.
298. Histopathological spectrum of urinary tract infection-associated renal lesions in patients with diabetes mellitus, correlated with available culture results and glycaemic status: a retrospective study.
299. Frequency and morphological features of renal papillary necrosis in nephrectomy specimens from patients with diabetes mellitus, correlated with infection and obstruction: an archival study.
300. Histological severity of hypertensive nephrosclerosis assessed by arterial intimal thickening, arteriolar hyalinosis and global glomerulosclerosis, correlated with renal function: an archival cross-sectional study.
301. Comparative renal vascular pathology in patients with hypertension alone versus hypertension with diabetes mellitus using standardized semiquantitative histological parameters: an archival comparative study.
302. Classification of lupus nephritis using current International Society of Nephrology and Renal Pathology Society criteria, correlated with proteinuria and serum creatinine: an archival renal biopsy study.
303. Correlation of activity and chronicity indices in lupus nephritis with renal function and urinary protein excretion at biopsy: a retrospective clinicopathological study.
304. Diagnostic patterns of immunoglobulin and complement deposition in lupus nephritis using immunofluorescence, compared with light microscopic class: an archival correlation study.
305. Histopathological spectrum of renal vasculitis using glomerular crescents, necrosis and vascular inflammation, correlated with available serological findings and renal function: a retrospective study.
306. Morphological patterns of immune-mediated renal disease in native kidney biopsies with hypocomplementemia, correlated with immunofluorescence findings and final integrated diagnosis: an archival cross-sectional study.
307. Histopathological spectrum of myeloma-associated renal lesions in kidney biopsies using cast morphology, interstitial injury and light-chain staining, correlated with haematological diagnosis: an archival study.
308. Diagnostic accuracy of fractured casts with giant-cell reaction for myeloma cast nephropathy against integrated biopsy and haematological diagnosis as reference standard: an archival study.
309. Diagnostic utility of kappa and lambda light-chain immunofluorescence for light-chain deposition disease, compared with final integrated renal biopsy diagnosis: an archival diagnostic correlation study.
310. Histopathological spectrum of renal amyloidosis using Congo red staining and polarized light microscopy, correlated with proteinuria and renal function: an archival cross-sectional study.
311. Diagnostic yield of Congo red staining in clinically suspected renal amyloidosis using final clinicopathological diagnosis as reference standard: a retrospective diagnostic accuracy study.
312. Correlation of amyloid distribution in glomerular, vascular and interstitial compartments with proteinuria and serum creatinine in renal amyloidosis: an archival clinicopathological study.
313. Comparative histopathology of diabetic nephropathy and renal amyloidosis in adults with nephrotic-range proteinuria using routine stains and Congo red: an archival diagnostic study.
314. Inter-observer agreement for grading interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and vascular sclerosis in systemic disease-associated renal biopsies: an archival blinded microscopy study.
315. Clinicopathological correlation of renal biopsy findings in patients with systemic diseases, using final integrated diagnosis and renal function at biopsy as outcome measures: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Transplant Uropathology

316. Histopathological spectrum of renal allograft dysfunction in indication biopsies using current Banff classification criteria, correlated with serum creatinine and time after transplantation: an archival cross-sectional study.
317. Inter-observer agreement for grading interstitial inflammation, tubulitis and vascular lesions in renal allograft biopsies using current Banff criteria: an archival blinded microscopy study.
318. Histological characteristics of acute T-cell-mediated rejection in renal allograft biopsies and correlation of tubulitis and interstitial inflammation scores with renal dysfunction: a retrospective study.
319. Morphological spectrum of chronic active T-cell-mediated rejection in renal allograft biopsies using inflammation in scarred cortex and tubulitis parameters: an archival cross-sectional study.
320. Histopathological features of antibody-mediated rejection in renal allograft biopsies using microvascular inflammation and complement component four degradation product staining, correlated with available clinical data: an archival study.
321. Diagnostic utility of complement component four degradation product immunohistochemistry in suspected antibody-mediated renal allograft rejection against final integrated diagnosis: an archival diagnostic accuracy study.
322. Correlation of glomerulitis and peritubular capillaritis scores with renal function in biopsies diagnosed with antibody-mediated rejection: a retrospective transplant pathology study.
323. Histological spectrum of chronic allograft injury using interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and vascular changes, correlated with post-transplant duration and serum creatinine: an archival study.
324. Morphological spectrum of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in renal allograft biopsies using viral cytopathic changes and immunohistochemistry where available: an archival diagnostic correlation study.
325. Diagnostic utility of simian virus 40 large T antigen immunohistochemistry for polyomavirus-associated nephropathy against final integrated transplant biopsy diagnosis: an archival diagnostic study.
326. Histopathological spectrum of opportunistic infections in renal allograft biopsies using routine morphology and targeted special stains, correlated with available microbiological findings: a retrospective study.
327. Morphological features of cytomegalovirus-associated renal allograft disease using viral inclusions and available immunohistochemistry, compared with final clinicopathological diagnosis: an archival study.
328. Histological assessment of calcineurin inhibitor-associated arteriolar and tubular changes in renal allograft biopsies, correlated with drug exposure history and renal function: a retrospective study.
329. Comparative morphology of calcineurin inhibitor toxicity and chronic rejection in renal allograft biopsies using vascular, tubular and interstitial parameters: an archival diagnostic correlation study.
330. Frequency and pathological patterns of recurrent glomerular disease in renal allograft biopsies, correlated with original native kidney diagnosis where documented: a retrospective archival study.
331. Histopathological spectrum of de novo glomerular disease in renal allograft biopsies using light microscopy and immunofluorescence, correlated with clinical presentation: an archival cross-sectional study.
332. Correlation of proteinuria after renal transplantation with glomerular and chronic tubulointerstitial lesions in indication biopsies: a retrospective clinicopathological study.
333. Diagnostic distribution of causes of renal allograft dysfunction during the first six months after transplantation using biopsy morphology as reference: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
334. Diagnostic distribution of causes of late renal allograft dysfunction using Banff morphological categories, correlated with post-transplant duration and serum creatinine: an archival study.
335. Inter-observer agreement for grading interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy in renal allograft biopsies using standardized Banff criteria: an archival blinded agreement study.
336. Renal allograft biopsy reporting audit for adequacy, Banff lesion scoring, complement component four degradation product status and final diagnostic categorization: a retrospective laboratory quality study.

Paediatric Uropathology

337. Histopathological spectrum of congenital renal anomalies in paediatric nephrectomy specimens, correlated with age, clinical presentation and radiological diagnosis: an archival cross-sectional study.
338. Morphological evaluation of renal dysplasia using primitive ducts, mesenchymal collars and cartilage, correlated with associated congenital urinary tract abnormalities: a retrospective archival study.
339. Histopathological characteristics of renal hypoplasia in paediatric nephrectomy specimens using nephron density and cortical architecture, correlated with radiological kidney size: an archival study.
340. Histological spectrum of cystic renal diseases in children using cyst distribution and epithelial morphology, compared with final clinicopathological diagnosis: an archival cross-sectional study.
341. Renal biopsy patterns in children presenting with nephrotic syndrome using light microscopy and immunofluorescence, correlated with proteinuria and renal function: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
342. Comparative renal biopsy morphology of minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in paediatric nephrotic syndrome, correlated with clinical presentation: an archival diagnostic study.
343. Histopathological spectrum of paediatric glomerulonephritis using proliferative patterns and immunofluorescence deposits, correlated with complement levels and renal function: a retrospective study.
344. Frequency and morphology of suspected hereditary nephropathies in paediatric renal biopsies, using light microscopy and available electron microscopy as diagnostic parameters: an archival observational study.
345. Histological distribution of Wilms tumour components in nephrectomy specimens, correlated with patient age, tumour size and pathological stage: an archival cross-sectional study.
346. Frequency and extent of anaplasia in Wilms tumour and its association with tumour size, necrosis and stage: an archival clinicopathological study.
347. Histomorphological characterization of congenital mesoblastic nephroma and its distinction from other paediatric renal spindle-cell tumours using limited immunohistochemistry: an archival diagnostic study.
348. Morphological and immunohistochemical characterization of rhabdoid tumour of kidney using routinely available markers, compared with final integrated diagnosis: an archival paediatric tumour study.
349. Histopathological evaluation of clear cell sarcoma of kidney using routine morphology and available immunohistochemistry, correlated with age and pathological stage: an archival study.
350. Comparative histopathology of Wilms tumour, clear cell sarcoma and rhabdoid tumour of kidney using morphology and basic immunohistochemical markers: an archival diagnostic correlation study.
351. Histopathological changes in kidneys affected by posterior urethral valve-associated obstruction, assessing tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and renal dysplasia: an archival paediatric study.
352. Renal parenchymal scarring in vesicoureteric reflux assessed by tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and chronic inflammation, correlated with radiological reflux grade: a retrospective study.
353. Histopathological severity of paediatric obstructive uropathy using cortical thinning, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis, correlated with preoperative imaging findings: an archival study.
354. Comparative renal histopathology of congenital obstruction and reflux-associated renal damage in paediatric nephrectomy specimens: an archival cross-sectional study using standardized chronicity parameters.
355. Inter-observer agreement for recognition of renal dysplasia and chronic obstructive changes in paediatric nephrectomy specimens using standardized morphological criteria: an archival blinded study.
356. Correlation of preoperative radiological diagnosis with final histopathological findings in paediatric nephrectomy specimens for congenital and obstructive urinary tract disease: a retrospective study.
357. Histopathology audit of paediatric nephrectomy specimens for representative sampling, documentation of congenital anomalies, chronic renal damage and unexpected neoplasia: a retrospective laboratory quality study.

Urological Cytopathology and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology

358. Diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology for renal masses against histopathological examination of the resected or biopsied lesion as reference standard: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.
359. Cytomorphological features of benign renal lesions sampled by fine needle aspiration cytology, correlated with subsequent histopathological diagnosis where available: a retrospective cytohistological correlation study.
360. Cytological differentiation of clear cell renal cell carcinoma from benign clear-cell renal lesions using cellular architecture and cytoplasmic features, with histopathology as reference: an archival diagnostic study.
361. Diagnostic accuracy of renal mass cytology for distinguishing primary renal malignancy from metastatic tumour using histopathological diagnosis as reference standard: a retrospective study.
362. Cytomorphological spectrum of metastatic malignancies involving the kidney and correlation with histopathology and documented primary tumour site: an archival observational study.
363. Adequacy and diagnostic yield of image-guided fine needle aspiration cytology in renal masses, using subsequent histopathology as reference where available: a retrospective diagnostic audit.
364. Diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology for testicular and paratesticular masses against histopathological examination as reference standard: an archival cross-sectional study.
365. Cytomorphological spectrum of germ cell tumours sampled by fine needle aspiration cytology, correlated with orchidectomy histopathology in cases with paired specimens: a retrospective study.
366. Cytological differentiation of inflammatory testicular lesions from neoplastic lesions using cellular composition and background features, with histopathology as reference standard: a diagnostic accuracy study.
367. Cytomorphological characteristics of paratesticular adenomatoid tumour and common benign mimics, correlated with excision histopathology: an archival cytohistological correlation study.
368. Diagnostic performance of fine needle aspiration cytology for paratesticular tumours using histopathological examination as reference standard: a retrospective diagnostic accuracy study.
369. Cytological spectrum of granulomatous inflammation in epididymal and testicular aspirates using May-Grunwald-Giemsa staining and Ziehl-Neelsen staining where indicated: an archival study.
370. Diagnostic accuracy of prostatic fine needle aspiration cytology for distinguishing benign from malignant lesions against histopathological examination as reference standard: an archival study where this service is routinely practiced.
371. Cytomorphological characteristics of prostatic adenocarcinoma on aspiration cytology and correlation with histological Grade Group in paired biopsy or resection specimens: a retrospective study.
372. Comparative cytomorphology of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma in aspirated specimens using nuclear and architectural parameters, with histopathology as reference: a diagnostic study.
373. Diagnostic utility of cell block preparation in urological fine needle aspiration specimens compared with conventional cytology smears, using histopathological diagnosis as reference standard: a prospective study.
374. Comparative adequacy of May-Grunwald-Giemsa and Papanicolaou-stained preparations in urological fine needle aspiration cytology, using final cytological diagnosis as outcome: a cross-sectional laboratory study.
375. Inter-observer agreement for cytological categorization of renal mass aspirates into benign, suspicious and malignant groups using histopathology as reference: an archival blinded study.
376. Inter-observer agreement for interpretation of testicular and paratesticular fine needle aspiration cytology using standardized morphological criteria: an archival blinded microscopy study.
377. Analysis of false-positive and false-negative urological fine needle aspiration cytology diagnoses using histopathological correlation and retrospective slide review: a laboratory discrepancy audit.
378. Cytology service audit of urological fine needle aspiration specimens for adequacy, turnaround time, cytohistological concordance and diagnostic error patterns: a retrospective quality indicator study.

Immunohistochemistry in Uropathology

379. Diagnostic accuracy of paired box gene 8 immunohistochemistry for confirming renal epithelial origin in primary and metastatic tumours involving the kidney: an archival study using integrated diagnosis as reference.
380. Diagnostic performance of carbonic anhydrase IX and cytokeratin 7 for distinguishing clear cell renal cell carcinoma from chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and oncocytoma: an archival comparative study.
381. Diagnostic value of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase and cytokeratin 7 expression patterns in papillary renal cell carcinoma compared with other common renal epithelial tumours: an archival study.
382. Diagnostic utility of fumarate hydratase and succinate dehydrogenase B immunohistochemistry for screening morphologically selected renal cell carcinomas, using final integrated diagnosis as reference: an archival study.
383. Diagnostic accuracy of GATA binding protein 3 and p63 immunohistochemistry for confirming urothelial differentiation in poorly differentiated urinary tract malignancies: an archival cross-sectional study.
384. Comparative expression of cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20 and uroplakin in low-grade and high-grade urothelial carcinoma, correlated with invasion status: an archival immunohistochemical study.
385. Diagnostic utility of p53 and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry for differentiating reactive urothelial atypia from carcinoma in situ, using consensus morphology as reference standard: an archival study.
386. Diagnostic performance of prostate-specific antigen and NK3 homeobox 1 immunohistochemistry for confirming prostatic origin in metastatic adenocarcinoma: an archival diagnostic accuracy study.
387. Diagnostic accuracy of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase combined with p63 for distinguishing small foci of prostatic adenocarcinoma from benign mimics in needle biopsies: an archival study.
388. Correlation of Ki-67 proliferation index with Grade Group and tumour extent in prostatic adenocarcinoma using radical prostatectomy specimens: an archival cross-sectional study.
389. Diagnostic performance of octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4, spalt like transcription factor 4 and cluster of differentiation 117 for classifying seminoma and embryonal carcinoma: an archival immunohistochemical study.
390. Diagnostic utility of alpha-fetoprotein and glypican-3 immunohistochemistry for identifying yolk sac tumour components within mixed germ cell tumours: an archival diagnostic study.
391. Diagnostic value of inhibin and steroidogenic factor 1 for sex cord-stromal tumours of the testis, compared with final integrated histopathological diagnosis: an archival study.
392. Immunohistochemical differentiation of metastatic carcinoma involving the kidney from primary renal epithelial malignancy using paired box gene 8 and organ-specific markers: an archival diagnostic correlation study.
393. Diagnostic performance of GATA binding protein 3 and NK3 homeobox 1 for distinguishing urothelial carcinoma involving prostate from prostatic adenocarcinoma: an archival comparative study.
394. Correlation of p16 and p53 expression patterns with morphological pathway in penile squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions: an archival cross-sectional immunohistochemical study.
395. Association of Ki-67 proliferation index with histological grade and invasion depth in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma: an archival immunohistochemical cross-sectional study.
396. Diagnostic utility of mesothelial immunohistochemical markers in adenomatoid tumours of epididymal and paratesticular origin, compared with final histopathological diagnosis: an archival study.
397. Diagnostic performance of a limited smooth-muscle immunohistochemistry panel for paratesticular spindle-cell tumours using final integrated diagnosis as reference standard: an archival study.
398. Laboratory audit of immunohistochemistry utilisation in uropathology, assessing panel size, diagnostic yield, repeat staining and final diagnostic contribution: a retrospective quality study.
399. Concordance between preliminary morphology-based diagnosis and final immunohistochemistry-supported diagnosis in difficult urological tumours: an archival cross-sectional diagnostic impact study.

Molecular Uropathology

400. Morphology-based screening for transcription factor E3-rearranged renal tumours using papillary architecture, clear cytoplasm and psammoma bodies, with transcription factor E3 immunohistochemistry as practical surrogate comparator: an archival study.
401. Histomorphological screening for transcription factor EB-altered renal tumours using characteristic biphasic architecture and pigmentation, correlated with transcription factor EB immunohistochemistry where routinely available: an archival study.
402. Morphology-based identification of fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma using prominent eosinophilic nucleoli and perinucleolar halos, compared with fumarate hydratase immunohistochemistry: an archival diagnostic study.
403. Histomorphological screening for succinate dehydrogenase-deficient renal cell carcinoma using flocculent cytoplasmic inclusions, compared with succinate dehydrogenase B immunohistochemistry: an archival diagnostic accuracy study.
404. Frequency of morphological features suggestive of molecularly defined renal cell carcinoma among previously unclassified renal carcinomas, using targeted immunohistochemistry as practical reference: an archival review study.
405. Reclassification of archived renal cell carcinomas according to the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours Fifth Edition using morphology and routinely available surrogate immunohistochemistry: an archival cross-sectional study.
406. Correlation of p53 immunohistochemical expression patterns with histological grade and invasion in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma as a practical surrogate of molecular pathway alterations: an archival study.
407. Correlation of Ki-67 proliferation index with high-grade morphology and muscular invasion in urothelial carcinoma as a routine tissue biomarker study: an archival cross-sectional analysis.
408. Comparative p53 and Ki-67 expression in urothelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and invasive urothelial carcinoma to assess progression-associated immunophenotypic changes: an archival cross-sectional study.
409. Morphology and immunophenotype-based stratification of urothelial carcinoma with squamous versus glandular differentiation using routine markers, correlated with grade and pathological stage: an archival study.
410. Correlation of abnormal p53 expression and Grade Group in prostatic adenocarcinoma using routinely processed prostatectomy specimens: an archival exploratory biomarker study.
411. Immunohistochemical assessment of phosphatase and tensin homolog protein loss in prostatic adenocarcinoma and correlation with Grade Group and tumour stage: an archival cross-sectional study.
412. Comparative phosphatase and tensin homolog expression in benign prostatic glands, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma using archived tissue: a cross-sectional immunohistochemical study.
413. Correlation of p53 and Ki-67 expression with histological subtype and tumour components in testicular germ cell tumours: an archival immunohistochemical biomarker study.
414. Morphology-based identification of hereditary-pattern renal tumours using age, bilaterality, multifocality and characteristic histology, correlated with available clinical family history: an archival screening study.
415. Frequency of multifocal and bilateral renal tumours with morphology suggestive of hereditary renal tumour syndromes in nephrectomy specimens: an archival clinicopathological study.
416. Histomorphological screening for renal tumours associated with fumarate hydratase deficiency using predefined microscopic criteria and confirmatory immunohistochemistry: an archival cross-sectional study.
417. Histomorphological screening for succinate dehydrogenase-deficient renal tumours using predefined cytoplasmic features and confirmatory succinate dehydrogenase B immunohistochemistry: an archival study.
418. Correlation of routine predictive biomarker expression with tumour grade and stage in urothelial carcinoma using archived transurethral resection and cystectomy specimens: an exploratory cross-sectional study.
419. Clinicopathological profiling of renal carcinomas selected for possible molecular testing using age, morphology, multifocality and immunophenotype as referral parameters: a retrospective laboratory audit.
420. Diagnostic impact audit of morphology-directed surrogate immunohistochemistry for molecularly defined urological tumours, comparing initial morphology-only diagnosis with final integrated classification: an archival study.

Histopathology–Radiology Correlation in Urology

421. Correlation of radiological enhancement pattern and tumour size with histological subtype, grade and necrosis in surgically resected renal masses: a retrospective radiology-pathology cross-sectional study.
422. Diagnostic accuracy of preoperative imaging categorization of solid renal masses for malignancy against nephrectomy histopathology as reference standard: a retrospective hospital-based study.
423. Correlation of radiological necrosis and renal sinus invasion with histopathological necrosis and pathological stage in renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective radiology-pathology study.
424. Diagnostic accuracy of imaging-detected bladder wall invasion for muscular invasion in urothelial carcinoma using cystectomy histopathology as reference standard: a retrospective study.
425. Correlation of radiological bladder tumour size and multiplicity with histological grade, muscular invasion and carcinoma in situ: a retrospective radiology-pathology cross-sectional study.
426. Diagnostic accuracy of imaging for upper urinary tract tumour location and invasion using nephroureterectomy histopathology as reference standard: a retrospective radiology-pathology study.
427. Correlation of prostate imaging lesion category with prostate needle biopsy Grade Group and tumour extent in men undergoing targeted or systematic biopsy: a retrospective study.
428. Correlation of prostate volume measured on imaging with histological benign prostatic hyperplasia and tumour burden in resection or prostatectomy specimens: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
429. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographic characterization of intratesticular masses for malignancy against orchidectomy histopathology as reference standard: a retrospective study.
430. Correlation of testicular tumour size and internal heterogeneity on imaging with histological subtype, necrosis and stage in orchidectomy specimens: a retrospective radiology-pathology study.
431. Diagnostic accuracy of imaging for differentiating testicular from paratesticular masses using surgical histopathology as reference standard: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
432. Correlation of upper urinary tract wall thickening on imaging with histological inflammation, fibrosis, dysplasia and malignancy in resected specimens: a retrospective radiology-pathology study.
433. Diagnostic accuracy of preoperative imaging for identifying hydronephrosis severity against histological renal cortical damage in nephrectomy specimens for obstruction: a retrospective study.
434. Correlation of renal cortical thickness on imaging with tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and global glomerulosclerosis in nephrectomy specimens: a retrospective radiology-pathology study.
435. Diagnostic accuracy of imaging classification of cystic renal lesions for malignancy against nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy histopathology as reference standard: a retrospective study.
436. Correlation of radiological septation, mural nodules and solid components in cystic renal masses with final histopathological diagnosis: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
437. Radiology-pathology correlation of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis using imaging findings and nephrectomy morphology, with assessment of stone disease and parenchymal destruction: a retrospective study.
438. Diagnostic accuracy of imaging for detecting renal calculi-associated pyonephrosis against nephrectomy histopathology as reference standard: a retrospective radiology-pathology study.
439. Correlation of imaging-detected lymphadenopathy with histopathological nodal metastasis in urological malignancies undergoing lymph-node dissection: a retrospective diagnostic accuracy study.
440. Radiology-pathology concordance audit of surgically excised urological masses, assessing correct organ localisation, benign versus malignant categorization and major histological diagnosis: a retrospective quality study.

Histopathology–Clinical Correlation

441. Clinicopathological correlation of presenting syndrome, proteinuria and renal function with final histopathological diagnosis in adults undergoing native renal biopsy: a hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study.
442. Correlation of serum creatinine and urinary protein excretion with glomerular, tubular, interstitial and vascular chronicity parameters in native kidney biopsies: an archival cross-sectional study.
443. Clinicopathological correlation of serum prostate-specific antigen concentration with Grade Group and tumour extent in prostate needle biopsy specimens: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
444. Correlation of lower urinary tract symptom severity and prostate volume with histological glandular and stromal hyperplasia in transurethral prostate resection specimens: a retrospective study.
445. Clinicopathological correlation of haematuria presentation with urinary bladder tumour grade, muscular invasion and histological variant in transurethral resection specimens: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
446. Correlation of urine cytology category under the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology with bladder histopathology and tumour grade: a retrospective diagnostic correlation study.
447. Clinicopathological correlation of age, serum tumour markers and presenting symptoms with histological subtype of testicular germ cell tumours: an archival cross-sectional study.
448. Correlation of duration of testicular torsion symptoms with extent of haemorrhage, infarction and seminiferous tubular damage in orchidectomy specimens: a retrospective study.
449. Clinicopathological correlation of urological malignancies using age, presenting symptom, tumour size, histological grade and pathological stage: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
450. Association of anaemia at diagnosis with tumour stage and histological grade across major renal and urothelial malignancies: a retrospective clinicopathological study using routine laboratory parameters.
451. Correlation of tumour size with histological grade, necrosis and pathological stage in renal cell carcinoma nephrectomy specimens: an archival clinicopathological study.
452. Correlation of tumour size and multiplicity with grade and muscular invasion in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma: a retrospective cross-sectional study using resection specimens.
453. Association of serum prostate-specific antigen with perineural invasion, tumour extent and Grade Group in prostatic adenocarcinoma: an archival clinicopathological correlation study.
454. Correlation of serum alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations with histological components in mixed testicular germ cell tumours: a retrospective clinicopathological study.
455. Association of chronic urolithiasis and recurrent urinary infection with renal pelvic and urothelial histopathological changes in nephrectomy specimens: an archival cross-sectional study.
456. Clinicopathological correlation of diabetes mellitus with severity of acute and chronic urinary tract inflammatory lesions in surgically resected specimens: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
457. Correlation of pathological stage with lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion and nodal metastasis in major urological malignancies: an archival multi-organ clinicopathological study within one institution.
458. Association of histological variant morphology with grade and pathological stage in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and upper urinary tract: an archival cross-sectional study.
459. Correlation of surgical margin status with tumour size, grade and pathological stage in nephrectomy, cystectomy, prostatectomy and penectomy specimens: an archival comparative study.
460. Clinicopathological audit of major urological surgical specimens assessing concordance between preoperative clinical diagnosis and final histopathological diagnosis: a retrospective laboratory quality study.

Urological Oncology and Prognostic Pathology

461. Inter-observer agreement for histological grading of renal cell carcinoma using standardized nucleolar grading criteria, with consensus diagnosis as reference: an archival blinded microscopy study.
462. Inter-observer agreement for grading papillary urothelial carcinoma using current World Health Organization criteria, with consensus review as reference standard: an archival blinded study.
463. Concordance of clinical and pathological tumour stage in renal cell carcinoma using nephrectomy histopathology as reference standard: a retrospective clinicopathological study.
464. Concordance of preoperative clinical stage and pathological stage in urinary bladder carcinoma using radical cystectomy specimens as reference: a retrospective study.
465. Frequency and clinicopathological significance of lymphovascular invasion in renal, bladder, prostate and penile malignancies, correlated with grade and pathological stage: an archival comparative study.
466. Inter-observer agreement for identification of lymphovascular invasion in urological malignancies using routine haematoxylin and eosin sections and consensus microscopy: an archival blinded study.
467. Frequency and pathological associations of perineural invasion in prostate and penile carcinomas, correlated with grade, tumour extent and stage: an archival cross-sectional study.
468. Inter-observer agreement for identification of perineural invasion in prostate needle biopsy and penectomy specimens using standardized histological criteria: an archival blinded agreement study.
469. Surgical margin status in partial nephrectomy specimens and its association with tumour size, subtype, grade and proximity to renal capsule: an archival clinicopathological study.
470. Surgical margin assessment in radical prostatectomy specimens and correlation with Grade Group, extraprostatic extension and tumour location: a retrospective archival study.
471. Histopathological characteristics of metastatic lymph nodes in urothelial, prostate and penile malignancies, correlated with primary tumour grade and pathological stage: an archival cross-sectional study.
472. Correlation of extranodal extension in metastatic urological carcinoma with primary tumour grade, lymphovascular invasion and pathological stage: an archival histopathology study.
473. Frequency and clinicopathological significance of variant histology in urothelial carcinoma, correlated with muscular invasion and pathological stage: an archival cross-sectional study.
474. Association of sarcomatoid differentiation with tumour necrosis, grade and pathological stage in renal cell carcinoma: an archival clinicopathological correlation study.
475. Histological assessment of treatment response in post-neoadjuvant cystectomy specimens using residual tumour burden and therapy-associated changes, correlated with pathological stage: a retrospective observational study.
476. Histopathological spectrum of therapy-related changes in urological resection specimens following documented preoperative treatment, compared with untreated morphology: an archival comparative study.
477. Correlation of p53 expression pattern with histological grade and invasion in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma: an archival immunohistochemical cross-sectional study.
478. Correlation of Ki-67 proliferation index with tumour grade and pathological stage in renal, urothelial and prostatic malignancies: an archival comparative immunohistochemical study.
479. Association of tumour necrosis with grade, sarcomatoid differentiation and stage in renal cell carcinoma nephrectomy specimens: an archival prognostic pathology study.
480. Histopathology reporting audit of prognostic parameters in major urological malignancies, including grade, stage, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, margins and nodal status: a retrospective quality study.

Urological Surgical Pathology Specimens

481. Histopathological spectrum of nephrectomy specimens in a tertiary teaching hospital, categorized into inflammatory, obstructive, cystic and neoplastic lesions, with clinicopathological correlation: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
482. Histopathology audit of radical nephrectomy specimens for tumour sampling, subtype, grade, necrosis, renal sinus invasion, lymphovascular invasion, margins and pathological stage: a retrospective quality study.
483. Histopathological spectrum of partial nephrectomy specimens and correlation of tumour size, subtype, grade and surgical margin status: an archival cross-sectional study.
484. Diagnostic concordance between preoperative radiological impression and final histopathological diagnosis in partial nephrectomy specimens for small renal masses: a retrospective study.
485. Histopathology audit of transurethral bladder tumour resection specimens for tissue adequacy, detrusor muscle presence, tumour grade, invasion assessment and reporting completeness: a retrospective quality study.
486. Correlation of detrusor muscle presence in transurethral bladder tumour resection specimens with accuracy of invasion assessment using repeat resection or cystectomy as reference: a retrospective study.
487. Histopathological spectrum of radical cystectomy specimens for urinary bladder carcinoma, including tumour type, variant morphology, stage, nodal status and surgical margins: an archival cross-sectional study.
488. Correlation of transurethral resection grade and invasion with final pathological stage in paired radical cystectomy specimens: a retrospective diagnostic concordance study.
489. Histopathological spectrum of transurethral prostate resection specimens, assessing benign hyperplasia, inflammation, incidental carcinoma and other uncommon lesions: an archival cross-sectional study.
490. Prevalence and pathological characteristics of incidental prostatic adenocarcinoma in transurethral prostate resection specimens, correlated with age and serum prostate-specific antigen: a retrospective study.
491. Histopathology audit of prostate needle biopsy specimens for core adequacy, tumour extent, Grade Group, perineural invasion and reporting completeness: a retrospective quality study.
492. Concordance of prostate needle biopsy Grade Group with radical prostatectomy Grade Group and pathological stage: a retrospective paired-specimen agreement study.
493. Histopathological spectrum of radical prostatectomy specimens, assessing tumour location, Grade Group, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, margins and nodal status: an archival study.
494. Histopathology audit of radical prostatectomy reporting against standardized required pathological parameters, with assessment of completeness before and after local checklist implementation: a retrospective observational study.
495. Histopathological spectrum of orchidectomy specimens, including germ cell tumours, sex cord-stromal tumours, inflammatory lesions, torsion and atrophy: an archival cross-sectional study.
496. Histopathology audit of orchidectomy specimens for tumour sampling, germ cell neoplasia in situ, lymphovascular invasion, rete testis involvement and spermatic cord margin reporting: a retrospective study.
497. Histopathological spectrum of penectomy specimens, assessing precursor lesions, squamous cell carcinoma subtype, grade, depth, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion and margins: an archival cross-sectional study.
498. Histopathology audit of penectomy specimens for documentation of tumour size, anatomical level of invasion, grade, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion and surgical margins: a retrospective quality study.
499. Histopathological spectrum of ureterectomy and nephroureterectomy specimens, assessing inflammatory lesions, urothelial carcinoma grade, variant morphology, invasion, carcinoma in situ and margins: an archival cross-sectional study.
500. Histopathology audit of nephroureterectomy specimens for renal pelvis and ureteric sampling, tumour grade, depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion, carcinoma in situ, margins and pathological stage: a retrospective quality study.