This page covers hysterosalpingography thesis topics across tubal patency and occlusion, infertility evaluation and reproductive outcomes, uterine cavity abnormalities, congenital Müllerian anomalies, hydrosalpinx, peritubal adhesions and other tubal abnormalities for MD Radiodiagnosis candidates. The emphasis is on female infertility imaging research topics that can be completed within one thesis period using women already referred for clinically indicated HSG, routine fluoroscopic images, infertility records and available follow-up, without adding research-only radiation or contrast exposure. A strong radiodiagnosis protocol should define the HSG technique, reference standard and unit of analysis before recruitment, and the same operational definitions should carry unchanged into the radiology synopsis.
Last reviewed and updated: September 2026 · 2026–27 admissions
Tubal Patency and Tubal Occlusion
- An observational cross-sectional study of the prevalence and distribution of unilateral and bilateral tubal occlusion detected by hysterosalpingography among women undergoing infertility evaluation at a tertiary care hospital.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of tubal patency on hysterosalpingography among women with primary infertility and secondary infertility.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of demographic and clinical factors associated with tubal occlusion on hysterosalpingography in women presenting with infertility.
- An observational cross-sectional study of the anatomical distribution of proximal, mid-tubal, and distal tubal occlusion detected by hysterosalpingography among infertile women.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of proximal and distal tubal occlusion detected by hysterosalpingography and their associated clinical characteristics.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of the association between previous pelvic inflammatory disease and tubal occlusion detected by hysterosalpingography in women with infertility.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic tubal patency findings in women with and without a history of pelvic surgery.
- An observational cross-sectional study of unilateral tubal occlusion patterns and associated contralateral tubal findings on hysterosalpingography.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of previous genital tuberculosis and abnormal tubal patency findings on hysterosalpingography among women undergoing infertility evaluation.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of tubal occlusion patterns on hysterosalpingography among women with different durations of infertility.
- An observational cross-sectional study of the frequency of bilateral tubal patency, unilateral tubal patency, and bilateral tubal occlusion on hysterosalpingography in women with infertility.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of age, duration of infertility, previous pregnancy, and pelvic infection as factors associated with tubal occlusion on hysterosalpingography.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of tubal patency abnormalities detected by hysterosalpingography among women aged less than 30 years and those aged 30 years or older.
- An observational cross-sectional study of cornual and proximal tubal occlusion detected by hysterosalpingography among women referred for infertility evaluation.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of right-sided and left-sided tubal occlusion patterns and associated uterine findings on hysterosalpingography.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of the association between previous ectopic pregnancy and tubal patency abnormalities on hysterosalpingography.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic tubal findings among women with and without a previous history of abdominal or pelvic tuberculosis.
- An observational cross-sectional study of the spectrum of tubal patency abnormalities detected by hysterosalpingography in women evaluated at an Indian tertiary care teaching hospital.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of clinical predictors of bilateral tubal occlusion on hysterosalpingography among women with infertility.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of tubal patency findings on hysterosalpingography among women with previous pelvic surgery, previous pelvic infection, and no documented pelvic risk factor.
Infertility Evaluation and Reproductive Outcomes
- An observational cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic findings among women undergoing evaluation for infertility at a tertiary care teaching hospital.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic abnormalities among women with primary infertility and secondary infertility.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of the association between duration of infertility and abnormal hysterosalpingographic findings in women undergoing infertility evaluation.
- An observational cross-sectional study of the spectrum of uterine and tubal abnormalities detected by hysterosalpingography in women presenting with infertility.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic abnormalities among women with infertility of less than five years and five years or longer duration.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of age and reproductive history as determinants of abnormal hysterosalpingographic findings among women with infertility.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic findings among women with previous live birth and women without any previous live birth presenting with infertility.
- An observational cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic abnormalities among women with secondary infertility following previous spontaneous abortion.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of uterine and tubal abnormalities on hysterosalpingography among women with and without a history of previous ectopic pregnancy.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of previous pelvic infection, pelvic surgery, and obstetric procedures in relation to abnormal hysterosalpingographic findings.
- An observational cross-sectional study of the prevalence of normal and abnormal hysterosalpingographic examinations among women referred for infertility workup.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic findings among women with infertility associated with menstrual abnormalities and women with regular menstrual cycles.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of clinical characteristics associated with combined uterine and tubal abnormalities on hysterosalpingography.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic findings among women with previous caesarean delivery and women with previous vaginal delivery presenting with secondary infertility.
- An observational cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic abnormalities in women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss presenting for infertility evaluation.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of previous uterine instrumentation and abnormal uterine or tubal findings on hysterosalpingography in women with secondary infertility.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic findings in women with infertility following previous abortion and women without a previous abortion.
- An observational cross-sectional study of the pattern of hysterosalpingographic abnormalities in women with different categories of infertility duration.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of reproductive and gynecological history associated with abnormal hysterosalpingography among women undergoing infertility assessment.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of the frequency and pattern of hysterosalpingographic abnormalities among women with primary infertility and secondary infertility at an Indian tertiary care hospital.
Uterine Cavity Abnormalities
- An observational cross-sectional study of the prevalence and spectrum of uterine cavity abnormalities detected by hysterosalpingography among women undergoing infertility evaluation.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of uterine cavity abnormalities on hysterosalpingography among women with primary infertility and secondary infertility.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of clinical and reproductive factors associated with abnormal uterine cavity findings on hysterosalpingography.
- An observational cross-sectional study of uterine filling defects detected by hysterosalpingography among women presenting with infertility.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic uterine cavity abnormalities among women with and without previous uterine instrumentation.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of previous dilatation and curettage and abnormal uterine cavity findings detected by hysterosalpingography.
- An observational cross-sectional study of uterine contour abnormalities demonstrated by hysterosalpingography in women undergoing infertility assessment.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of uterine cavity abnormalities among women with previous caesarean delivery and women without previous caesarean delivery.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of previous abortion and abnormal uterine cavity findings on hysterosalpingography among women with secondary infertility.
- An observational cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic features suggestive of intrauterine adhesions among women undergoing infertility evaluation.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic uterine cavity findings among women with and without a history of recurrent pregnancy loss.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of age, parity, and previous intrauterine procedures in relation to uterine cavity abnormalities detected on hysterosalpingography.
- An observational cross-sectional study of the prevalence and morphological patterns of uterine filling defects on hysterosalpingography in infertile women.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of uterine cavity abnormalities detected by hysterosalpingography among women with regular and irregular menstrual cycles.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of abnormal uterine bleeding history and uterine cavity abnormalities detected on hysterosalpingography in women with infertility.
- An observational cross-sectional study of the coexistence of uterine cavity abnormalities and tubal occlusion on hysterosalpingography.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of tubal patency among women with normal and abnormal uterine cavity morphology on hysterosalpingography.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of clinical predictors of abnormal uterine cavity morphology on hysterosalpingography in women undergoing infertility workup.
- An observational cross-sectional study of the distribution of acquired uterine cavity abnormalities identified by hysterosalpingography at a tertiary care hospital.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of uterine cavity abnormalities on hysterosalpingography among women with previous obstetric procedures and women without previous obstetric procedures.
Congenital Müllerian Anomalies
- An observational cross-sectional study of the prevalence and spectrum of congenital Müllerian anomalies detected by hysterosalpingography among women undergoing infertility evaluation.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of congenital Müllerian anomalies detected by hysterosalpingography among women with primary infertility and secondary infertility.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of reproductive and clinical characteristics associated with congenital Müllerian anomalies detected on hysterosalpingography.
- An observational cross-sectional study of the morphological patterns of congenital uterine anomalies identified by hysterosalpingography among infertile women.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of tubal patency in women with and without congenital Müllerian anomalies detected by hysterosalpingography.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of infertility duration and congenital uterine anomalies detected by hysterosalpingography.
- An observational cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic appearances of septate, bicornuate, unicornuate, and didelphys uterine configurations in women undergoing infertility evaluation.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic tubal abnormalities among women with congenital uterine anomalies and women with normal uterine morphology.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of previous spontaneous abortion and congenital Müllerian anomalies detected by hysterosalpingography among women undergoing infertility assessment.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of congenital uterine anomalies on hysterosalpingography among women with and without a history of recurrent pregnancy loss.
- An observational cross-sectional study of the frequency of different congenital uterine cavity configurations detected during hysterosalpingography in a tertiary care infertility population.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of menstrual characteristics and congenital Müllerian anomalies detected on hysterosalpingography in women with infertility.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of age and reproductive characteristics among women with normal uterine morphology and women with congenital uterine anomalies on hysterosalpingography.
- An observational cross-sectional study of associated tubal abnormalities in women with congenital Müllerian anomalies diagnosed by hysterosalpingography.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of primary infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, and congenital Müllerian anomalies detected by hysterosalpingography.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic morphology and tubal patency between women with septate-type and bicornuate-type uterine configurations.
- An observational cross-sectional study of unilateral uterine cavity configurations and associated ipsilateral and contralateral tubal findings on hysterosalpingography.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of uterine cavity dimensions and tubal patency patterns among women with normal and anomalous uterine morphology on hysterosalpingography.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of clinical predictors of congenital uterine anomalies among women referred for hysterosalpingography as part of infertility evaluation.
- An observational cross-sectional study of congenital Müllerian anomalies and associated hysterosalpingographic abnormalities in women attending an Indian tertiary care infertility clinic.
Peritubal Adhesions, Hydrosalpinx, and Other Tubal Abnormalities
- An observational cross-sectional study of the prevalence and spectrum of hydrosalpinx, peritubal adhesions, and other tubal abnormalities detected by hysterosalpingography among women with infertility.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of hydrosalpinx and other distal tubal abnormalities on hysterosalpingography among women with primary and secondary infertility.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of clinical risk factors associated with hydrosalpinx detected by hysterosalpingography among women undergoing infertility evaluation.
- An observational cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic features suggestive of peritubal adhesions among women presenting with infertility.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic tubal abnormalities among women with and without a history of pelvic inflammatory disease.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of previous pelvic surgery and peritubal adhesions suggested by hysterosalpingography in women with infertility.
- An observational cross-sectional study of unilateral and bilateral hydrosalpinx and associated uterine and tubal findings on hysterosalpingography.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic findings in women with unilateral and bilateral hydrosalpinx.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of previous genital tuberculosis and hydrosalpinx or other distal tubal abnormalities detected on hysterosalpingography.
- An observational cross-sectional study of abnormal tubal morphology including dilatation, tortuosity, loculated contrast spill, and hydrosalpinx on hysterosalpingography.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of tubal morphology on hysterosalpingography among women with and without a history of pelvic tuberculosis.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of age, infertility duration, and previous pelvic infection in relation to hydrosalpinx detected by hysterosalpingography.
- An observational cross-sectional study of the frequency and pattern of loculated peritoneal contrast spill suggestive of peritubal adhesions on hysterosalpingography.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of tubal patency and tubal morphology in women with and without hysterosalpingographic evidence of peritubal adhesions.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of previous ectopic pregnancy and abnormal tubal morphology detected by hysterosalpingography.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of proximal and distal tubal abnormalities among women with hysterosalpingographic evidence of hydrosalpinx.
- An observational cross-sectional study of the coexistence of hydrosalpinx, tubal occlusion, and uterine cavity abnormalities on hysterosalpingography.
- An analytical cross-sectional study of demographic and reproductive factors associated with distal tubal disease detected by hysterosalpingography.
- A comparative cross-sectional study of hysterosalpingographic tubal abnormalities among women with previous pelvic infection, previous pelvic surgery, and no documented pelvic risk factor.
- An observational cross-sectional study of the spectrum and distribution of hydrosalpinx, peritubal adhesions, tubal tortuosity, and abnormal peritoneal contrast spill detected by hysterosalpingography in women undergoing infertility evaluation at an Indian tertiary care teaching hospital.
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📌 Updated for 2026–2027 MD Radiodiagnosis Hysterosalpingography admissions
The research framework was reviewed for tubal patency, proximal occlusion, uterine cavity assessment, peritubal disease, reproductive outcomes, contrast selection and radiation-conscious fluoroscopic technique.
- Most projects require only routine fluoroscopic HSG, pelvic ultrasonography, infertility records and standard clinical or reproductive follow-up already obtained during care.
- Research-only repeat HSG, additional fluoroscopic exposures, laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging or advanced sonographic contrast studies are not required unless clinically indicated and prospectively justified.
- Publication potential is strongest when apparent proximal occlusion is distinguished from possible spasm, the confirmatory pathway is prespecified, and reproductive outcomes are analysed separately from the immediate imaging result.
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Select Generate Protocol → beside any title in the list above and receive a submission-ready document built around that topic, containing all eighteen components:
- Introduction / Synopsis
- Research Question
- Aim of the Study
- Primary Objective
- Secondary Objectives
- Materials and Methods
- Inclusion Criteria
- Exclusion Criteria
- Sample Size Calculation
- Methodology
- Statistical Analysis
- Ethical Considerations
- Review of Literature
- References
- Gantt Chart / Study Timeline
- Patient Information Sheet
- Consent Form
- Data Collection Form
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Alongside hysterosalpingography in radiology protocols and synopses, support is also available for departmental presentations, journal club presentations, ethics committee presentations, and posters and oral presentations for medical conferences — for postgraduate residents, board trainees and research scholars across India and the GCC. Prepared by a practising doctor with long experience in medical publishing and thesis supervision.
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Hysterosalpingography in radiology research outside India
The topics above work as research questions anywhere — what changes is the document the institution expects, and who approves it before data collection begins. The Gulf equivalent of an Indian synopsis is the hysterosalpingography in radiology research proposal submitted to an institutional review board, and it ordinarily carries three sections an Indian synopsis does not: a Gantt chart, a budget and resources section, and a Declaration of Helsinki statement.
Board and residency programmes — country by country
Saudi Arabia — SCFHS and the Saudi Board. Residency and fellowship training under the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties includes a research project with a set timeline, and the hysterosalpingography in radiology research proposal is the document prepared at the outset and cleared by the institutional review board before recruitment starts.
United Arab Emirates — DHA, DOH Abu Dhabi and MOHAP. Residents training in Dubai, Abu Dhabi and the northern emirates prepare a hysterosalpingography in radiology research protocol for their programme and submit it for institutional review board approval before any data are collected.
Qatar — DHP (formerly QCHP) and Hamad Medical Corporation. A hysterosalpingography in radiology IRB proposal is reviewed before recruitment, with the ethics section written to the institution's own template rather than a generic one.
Bahrain — NHRA. Trainees turning hysterosalpingography in radiology research topics into a project need the proposal cleared by their institutional research and ethics committee before fieldwork begins.
Oman — OMSB. Residency programmes under the Oman Medical Specialty Board include a research component, and the hysterosalpingography in radiology research proposal is the document assessed at the start of it.
Kuwait — KIMS. A hysterosalpingography in radiology study protocol goes to the institutional committee for approval before the project begins.
Arab Board programmes across the region. The Arab Board carries its own research requirement irrespective of the host country, and the hysterosalpingography in radiology proposal follows the same structure throughout.
Postgraduate degrees — Malaysia, the Gulf and beyond
Malaysia — MMed, the National Medical Research Register and MREC. A hysterosalpingography in radiology dissertation proposal for a Master of Medicine programme carried out in a Ministry of Health facility must be registered on the NMRR and approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee before the study begins, and the guidance asks for submission four to six months ahead of data collection. Every investigator on the study team registers on the NMRR as well, so the methodology, ethics and team sections are written in far more detail than an Indian synopsis requires.
PhD and Master's candidates elsewhere. University programmes generally require a full hysterosalpingography in radiology research proposal of roughly 6,000 to 10,000 words, with an extended literature review, a theoretical framework and a detailed methodology chapter.
PhD and MMed proposals are written individually by a medical doctor and revised until the supervisor accepts them. They are not produced by the automated protocol generator.
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🔥 Trending research areas in Hysterosalpingography for 2026–27
Current research increasingly examines how to preserve the diagnostic value of HSG while reducing false occlusion, radiation exposure and unnecessary invasive confirmation.
- Oil-based versus water-based contrast: contrast choice is being studied not only for image quality and safety but also because tubal flushing may influence subsequent pregnancy outcomes.
- HyCoSy and HyFoSy comparisons: radiation-free ultrasound-based tubal patency tests are increasingly relevant as alternatives or complements to conventional HSG, particularly when ureteral and cavity detail is not the principal question.
- Low-dose fluoroscopic HSG: pulsed fluoroscopy, collimation, last-image hold and fewer spot acquisitions allow research on radiation reduction without sacrificing diagnostic adequacy.
- Selective assessment of proximal tubal occlusion: repeat filling, antispasmodic protocols and selective tubal cannulation are important because apparent cornual occlusion can represent transient spasm rather than fixed obstruction.
Protocol and synopsis guidance
What a Hysterosalpingography protocol must contain
A hysterosalpingography protocol must define the infertility population, timing within the menstrual cycle, pregnancy exclusion procedure, infection screening, contrast type, cannulation method, fluoroscopic acquisition sequence, amount and rate of contrast injection, and the criteria used for tubal patency, proximal or distal occlusion, hydrosalpinx, abnormal spill and uterine cavity findings. It should also state whether the primary unit of analysis is the woman or the individual fallopian tube because two tubes from the same woman are paired observations rather than independent participants.
Apparent proximal occlusion needs an operational definition. Cornual spasm, pain, inadequate filling pressure, catheter position and transient tubal contraction can mimic true proximal obstruction. The protocol should therefore prespecify what manoeuvres are part of routine care when proximal occlusion is seen, whether repeat filling or delayed images are obtained, and what subsequent investigation or follow-up is accepted as confirmation if true occlusion is a study endpoint.
The reference standard must match the question. Laparoscopy with chromopertubation, hysteroscopy, HyCoSy, operative findings and clinical follow-up answer different questions and should not be treated as interchangeable. HSG can suggest peritubal adhesions through loculated spill or abnormal tubal configuration but does not directly visualise adhesions, so studies should use wording such as “HSG features suggestive of peritubal adhesions” unless an independent reference standard confirms them.
Hysterosalpingography synopsis versus Hysterosalpingography protocol
A hysterosalpingography synopsis can state that the project will assess tubal patency, uterine cavity morphology, infertility-related abnormalities or reproductive outcome after HSG. The full protocol must convert that statement into reproducible rules. For tubal studies, it should define the side and anatomical level of occlusion, whether the highest degree of abnormality per woman is used, how bilateral findings are handled, and how possible spasm or technically inadequate opacification is classified.
For uterine cavity and congenital anomaly studies, the protocol should specify which HSG appearances are considered suggestive rather than definitive, because the external uterine contour is not directly demonstrated on conventional HSG. If reproductive outcomes are studied, the protocol should state the follow-up interval, whether spontaneous conception and assisted conception are analysed separately, and whether contrast type is treated as an exposure that may itself influence pregnancy probability.
Sample size and statistical analysis
Sample size should be based on the primary endpoint. A study estimating the prevalence of tubal occlusion needs an expected prevalence and desired precision; a comparison of primary and secondary infertility needs an expected difference between groups; and a reproductive-outcome cohort needs enough women followed for the prespecified pregnancy or live-birth outcome. A small resident study should not use a rare live-birth endpoint as its sole primary outcome unless follow-up volume is demonstrably adequate.
The woman-versus-tube denominator must be fixed before analysis. Analysing right and left tubes as two unrelated participants artificially enlarges the sample because both observations arise from the same woman. The protocol should either use woman-level outcomes such as bilateral patency, unilateral abnormality or bilateral occlusion, or use paired or clustered methods when tube-level detail is essential.
Reproductive outcomes should be analysed with a defined time origin, such as the date of HSG, and a fixed follow-up interval. If time to conception is available, survival methods may be more appropriate than a simple proportion. Diagnostic-accuracy measures require an independent reference standard available across the relevant spectrum of HSG-positive and HSG-negative cases; otherwise the study should report association, concordance or predictive value rather than claim full sensitivity and specificity.
Frequently Asked Questions – Hysterosalpingography Thesis Topics In Radiology (2026–27)
1. How do I choose a feasible Hysterosalpingography thesis topic for 2026 admission?
Start with the number of clinically indicated HSG examinations performed each month and check whether referral indication, infertility type, contrast type, fluoroscopic images, tubal findings, pelvic ultrasonography and follow-up are consistently available. A focused study of proximal versus distal occlusion, unilateral versus bilateral disease, uterine cavity abnormalities, hydrosalpinx or radiographic predictors is usually more feasible than a project that requires every participant to undergo laparoscopy or long-term fertility follow-up.
2. Which study designs are accepted for a Hysterosalpingography thesis?
Workable designs include observational and analytical cross-sectional studies, comparative studies, retrospective or prospective cohorts, agreement studies and diagnostic-accuracy studies where a suitable reference standard exists. The design should follow the endpoint. Distribution of HSG abnormalities can be cross-sectional, whereas pregnancy after HSG requires longitudinal follow-up. A comparison between two readers or two classifications measures agreement unless an independent disease reference is available.
3. What should I settle with my guide before finalising a Hysterosalpingography topic?
Settle the exact infertility population, primary endpoint, contrast medium, HSG technique, criteria for tubal occlusion, method for handling possible proximal spasm, unit of analysis, reference standard and follow-up availability. If reproductive outcome is included, also decide whether spontaneous and assisted conceptions are combined, the minimum follow-up interval, and how women lost to follow-up will be handled.
4. Can Hysterosalpingography prove peritubal adhesions or congenital uterine anomalies?
HSG can strongly suggest both, but the limitation should be written into the protocol. Loculated peritoneal spill, abnormal tubal course or restricted contrast dispersal can suggest peritubal adhesions without directly visualising the adhesions themselves. Likewise, HSG demonstrates the endometrial cavity but not the external fundal contour, so some Müllerian configurations cannot be definitively distinguished by cavity shape alone. Studies should use an appropriate confirmatory imaging or operative reference when definitive classification is the primary endpoint.
5. What is the difference between a Hysterosalpingography synopsis and protocol?
The synopsis is the concise institutional submission describing the research question, objectives and proposed methods. The protocol is the operational document that specifies cycle timing, pregnancy exclusion, infection precautions, contrast medium, cannulation and injection technique, fluoroscopic acquisition, tubal and uterine definitions, handling of spasm and technically incomplete studies, unit of analysis, reference standard, follow-up and the exact statistical method for each objective.
6. What ethics issues are important in a Hysterosalpingography thesis?
HSG uses ionising radiation, transcervical instrumentation and iodinated contrast, so research should preferably observe examinations already clinically indicated rather than add repeat HSG, extra spot radiographs, additional contrast injection or research-only invasive procedures. Pregnancy should be excluded according to the approved clinical pathway and active pelvic infection should be addressed before the procedure. Prospective participants should provide informed consent. HSG is ordinarily performed in adults, but any exceptional protocol involving minors must address guardian consent and age-appropriate assent from about seven years. Retrospective PACS and record-based work may qualify for a consent waiver under institutional ethics rules.
Any additional contrast, research-only venepuncture or imaging exposure must be separately justified and consented; where research blood sampling is genuinely required, the permitted blood volume should be stated. Anonymisation should remove identifiers from exported datasets, DICOM headers and stored fluoroscopic images. Separate consent is required for identifiable photographs or video. The protocol should name the escalation pathway for unexpected hydrosalpinx, bilateral occlusion, uterine cavity abnormality, congenital anomaly, significant intravasation or another clinically important finding so that the reporting radiologist and infertility team act on it rather than leaving it only in the research dataset.
7. What is the biggest methodological error in a Hysterosalpingography thesis?
The sharpest error is treating every apparent proximal tubal block as true fixed occlusion. Cornual spasm, pain, catheter position, inadequate filling and transient tubal contraction can all stop contrast at the uterotubal junction. If the protocol classifies that first appearance as definitive disease without a standard repeat manoeuvre or confirmatory pathway, the study can substantially overestimate proximal occlusion. The protocol should separate confirmed occlusion, possible spasm and technically indeterminate examinations before analysis.
8. How is a Hysterosalpingography MD synopsis different from a PhD or overseas research proposal?
An MD synopsis is usually built around a focused question that can be answered during residency from clinically indicated HSG examinations and available infertility records. A PhD proposal normally requires a broader programme of work, a more explicit knowledge gap and greater methodological depth. Beyond the Indian MD pathway, research requirements differ by programme. The Saudi Board and SCFHS pathway includes a mandatory board research project, while Arab Board of Health Specializations programmes and DHP, DHA, DOH and MOHAP-linked training programmes may require research, audit or other scholarly activity according to the relevant speciality and institution. The applicable board and institutional requirements should therefore be checked before using an Indian MD synopsis unchanged in another training pathway.
9. When should I register a Hysterosalpingography thesis?
Register after the guide has confirmed the question, expected HSG volume, inclusion criteria, technique, primary endpoint, unit of analysis and reference standard, but before prospective recruitment or research-specific data collection begins. For retrospective work, fix the study period, image-quality criteria and analysis plan before reviewing outcomes so that cases are not selected according to tubal patency, pregnancy outcome or another result already known to the investigator.
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