These hepatobiliary system thesis topics are intended for MD Medicine and DNB Medicine candidates studying chronic liver disease, portal hypertension, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, alcohol-related liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, viral hepatitis, acute liver injury, cholestatic disorders and common biliary disease. The emphasis is on designs that can be completed within one thesis period using patients, routine liver and renal biochemistry, haematology, ultrasonography, Doppler, endoscopy and other investigations already performed during standard care. Strong projects define the liver-disease phenotype precisely, separate compensated from decompensated disease and avoid circular associations between severity scores and the laboratory variables from which those scores are calculated. The same framework can be adapted for hepatobiliary research topics, an MD Medicine hepatobiliary protocol or a DNB Medicine hepatobiliary synopsis before final discussion with the postgraduate guide.
Last reviewed and updated: September 2026 · 2026–27 admissions
Our MD Medicine Thesis Guidance provides structured protocols, sample size formulas, and institutional review board (IRB) layout guides.
Cirrhosis and Chronic Liver Disease
Aetiological, Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Liver Cirrhosis: A Hospital-Based Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Spectrum of Etiologies of Chronic Liver Disease Among Adults Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Sodium Levels with Severity of Liver Cirrhosis: A Hospital-Based Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Albumin Levels with Severity of Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Association of Platelet Count with Severity of Chronic Liver Disease: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Severity of Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Red Cell Distribution Width with Severity of Liver Cirrhosis: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence and Morphological Pattern of Anaemia in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence and Severity of Thrombocytopenia Among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Coagulation Abnormalities and Their Association with Severity of Liver Cirrhosis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Malnutrition and Its Association with Severity of Liver Cirrhosis: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Mid-Upper Arm Circumference with Severity of Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Calf Circumference with Clinical Severity of Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Its Association with Disease Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Serum Lipid Profile Abnormalities in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Their Association with Disease Severity: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Glycaemic Abnormalities Among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Its Association with Aetiology: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Renal Dysfunction and Its Association with Severity of Liver Cirrhosis: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Hyponatraemia Among Patients with Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis and Its Association with Clinical Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Serum Potassium Abnormalities in Patients with Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis: A Hospital-Based Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Serum Uric Acid Levels and Their Association with Severity of Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Corrected QT Interval Abnormalities Among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Their Association with Disease Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence and Clinical Profile of Hepatic Hydrothorax Among Patients with Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Hypoxaemia in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Its Association with Disease Severity: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Spectrum of Bacterial Infections Among Hospitalised Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence and Microbiological Profile of Urinary Tract Infection in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical Profile of Respiratory Infections Among Patients with Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Association of C-Reactive Protein with Severity of Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Total Leucocyte Count with Clinical Severity of Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Pattern of Decompensating Events Among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis of Different Etiologies: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Comparison of Alcohol-Related and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Cirrhosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters Between Compensated and Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Child-Pugh Classification with Routine Haematological and Biochemical Parameters in Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Portal Hypertension and Oesophageal Varices
Clinical and Endoscopic Profile of Portal Hypertension in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence and Grades of Oesophageal Varices Among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Platelet Count with Presence of Oesophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Spleen Size with Presence and Grade of Oesophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Platelet Count to Spleen Diameter Ratio as a Marker of Oesophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Portal Vein Diameter with Presence of Oesophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Portal Vein Diameter with Grade of Oesophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Splenic Vein Diameter with Oesophageal Varices Among Patients with Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Splenomegaly with Thrombocytopenia in Patients with Portal Hypertension: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence and Severity of Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy Among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy with Grade of Oesophageal Varices: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy with Severity of Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Haematological Parameters Between Cirrhotic Patients with and without Oesophageal Varices: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Liver Function Parameters Between Cirrhotic Patients with Small and Large Oesophageal Varices: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Albumin with Presence of Large Oesophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of International Normalized Ratio with Grade of Oesophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Bilirubin with Grade of Oesophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Child-Pugh Classification with Presence and Grade of Oesophageal Varices: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Score with Presence of Oesophageal Varices: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Ultrasonographic Predictors of Oesophageal Varices Among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Ultrasonographic Predictors of Large Oesophageal Varices in Patients with Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Ascites with Presence and Grade of Oesophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Splenic Size with Severity of Thrombocytopenia in Portal Hypertension: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Portal Vein Flow Velocity with Severity of Portal Hypertension in Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Doppler Study
Doppler Ultrasonographic Profile of Portal Venous System in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Portal Venous Doppler Parameters Between Compensated and Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Portal Vein Collaterals on Ultrasonography with Oesophageal Variceal Grade: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence and Clinical Profile of Gastric Varices Among Patients with Portal Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Oesophageal Varices and Gastric Varices: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Cirrhotic Patients Presenting with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Cross-Sectional Study
Aetiological Spectrum of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Haemoglobin Levels with Endoscopic Severity of Variceal Bleeding in Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters in Cirrhotic Patients with and without Variceal Bleeding: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Noninvasive Clinical, Laboratory and Ultrasonographic Predictors of Oesophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Ascites and Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
Clinical, Biochemical and Aetiological Profile of Ascites Among Adult Medical Inpatients: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Aetiological Spectrum of Newly Detected Ascites in Adult Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Ascites Due to Liver Cirrhosis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Ascitic Fluid Characteristics in Patients with Cirrhotic and Non-Cirrhotic Ascites: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Serum-Ascites Albumin Gradient in Differentiating Causes of Ascites: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Serum-Ascites Albumin Gradient in Portal Hypertensive and Non-Portal Hypertensive Ascites: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Ascitic Fluid Protein Concentration with Aetiology of Ascites: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Sodium with Severity of Ascites in Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Albumin with Severity of Ascites in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Renal Function with Severity of Ascites in Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Among Patients with Cirrhotic Ascites: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Microbiological Profile of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Cirrhotic Ascites: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Clinical Parameters in Cirrhotic Ascites with and without Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Haematological Parameters in Cirrhotic Patients with and without Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Liver Function Parameters in Cirrhotic Patients with and without Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Peripheral Leucocyte Count with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Cirrhotic Ascites: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Cirrhotic Ascites: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of C-Reactive Protein with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Cirrhotic Ascites: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Albumin with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Ascitic Fluid Protein with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Sodium with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Among Patients with Cirrhotic Ascites: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Child-Pugh Classification with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Score with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Culture-Negative Neutrocytic Ascites Among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical Profile of Culture-Positive and Culture-Negative Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence and Clinical Profile of Refractory Ascites Among Hospitalised Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Hyponatraemia with Refractory Ascites in Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Creatinine with Refractory Ascites in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Patients with Tense Ascites Due to Liver Cirrhosis: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Features of Mild, Moderate and Tense Ascites in Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Pleural Effusion in Patients with Cirrhotic Ascites and Its Association with Ascites Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Peripheral Oedema with Serum Albumin and Ascites Severity in Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Electrolyte Abnormalities Among Patients with Cirrhotic Ascites: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Clinical Profile and Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Chronic Liver Disease: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Spectrum of Precipitating Factors Among Patients Presenting with Hepatic Encephalopathy: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Sodium with Severity of Hepatic Encephalopathy: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Potassium with Severity of Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Creatinine with Severity of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Blood Urea Concentration with Severity of Hepatic Encephalopathy: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Bilirubin with Severity of Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Albumin with Grade of Hepatic Encephalopathy: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of International Normalized Ratio with Severity of Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Child-Pugh Classification with Grade of Hepatic Encephalopathy: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Score with Grade of Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Clinical and Biochemical Parameters Among Different Grades of Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Laboratory Comparison of Patients with and without Hepatic Encephalopathy in Decompensated Cirrhosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Infection as a Precipitating Factor for Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Spectrum of Infections in Patients Presenting with Hepatic Encephalopathy: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Constipation as a Precipitating Factor for Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Bleeding as a Precipitating Factor for Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Electrolyte Disturbances as Precipitating Factors for Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Renal Dysfunction Among Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Hyponatraemia Among Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Hypokalaemia Among Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Anaemia with Severity of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Thrombocytopenia with Severity of Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Grade of Hepatic Encephalopathy: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of C-Reactive Protein with Grade of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical Profile of First-Episode Hepatic Encephalopathy Among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Alcohol-Related and Non-Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Ascites Severity with Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients with Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis with Hepatic Encephalopathy in Decompensated Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding with Severity of Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Patients with Coexisting Hepatic Encephalopathy and Acute Kidney Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients with Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy Among Clinically Stable Patients with Liver Cirrhosis Using Psychometric Testing: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy with Severity of Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
Clinical, Biochemical and Ultrasonographic Profile of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Spectrum of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease Among Adult Medical Inpatients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Pattern of Alcohol Consumption with Severity of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Duration of Alcohol Consumption with Severity of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Estimated Daily Alcohol Consumption with Clinical Severity of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Comparison of Alcohol-Related Fatty Liver and Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Bilirubin with Clinical Severity of Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of International Normalized Ratio with Severity of Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Creatinine with Severity of Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Haematological Abnormalities Among Patients with Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence and Morphological Pattern of Anaemia in Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Macrocytosis Among Patients with Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Thrombocytopenia in Alcohol-Related Liver Disease and Its Association with Disease Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Mean Corpuscular Volume with Pattern of Alcohol Consumption in Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase to Alanine Aminotransferase Ratio in Different Stages of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Levels with Alcohol Consumption Pattern and Liver Disease Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Serum Electrolyte Abnormalities Among Patients with Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Hyponatraemia in Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis and Its Association with Clinical Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Hypokalaemia in Patients with Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Renal Function Abnormalities Among Patients with Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Acute Kidney Injury Among Hospitalised Patients with Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Nutritional Status of Patients with Alcohol-Related Liver Disease and Its Association with Disease Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Body Mass Index with Clinical Spectrum of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Albumin with Nutritional Status in Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus Among Patients with Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Lipid Profile Abnormalities in Patients with Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Pancreatic Enzyme Abnormalities Among Patients with Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Ascites Among Patients with Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis and Its Association with Disease Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Oesophageal Varices Among Patients with Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence and Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Clinical Severity Between Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis and Viral Hepatitis-Related Cirrhosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Portal Hypertension Features in Alcohol-Related and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Cirrhosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Patients with Alcohol-Related Decompensated Cirrhosis at First Hospital Presentation: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Among Adults Undergoing Abdominal Ultrasonography: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical, Biochemical and Ultrasonographic Profile of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Among Overweight and Obese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Body Mass Index with Ultrasonographic Grade of Hepatic Steatosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Waist Circumference with Ultrasonographic Severity of Hepatic Steatosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Waist-to-Hip Ratio with Severity of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Glycated Haemoglobin with Ultrasonographic Grade of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Fasting Blood Glucose with Severity of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Lipid Profile Abnormalities and Their Association with Severity of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Triglyceride Levels with Ultrasonographic Grade of Hepatic Steatosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol with Severity of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Uric Acid with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Hyperuricemia Among Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Alanine Aminotransferase with Ultrasonographic Grade of Hepatic Steatosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Liver Enzyme Abnormalities in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Normal Liver Enzyme Levels Among Patients with Ultrasonographically Detected Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Metabolic Syndrome Components with Severity of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Clinical and Biochemical Profiles of Lean and Obese Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence and Clinical Profile of Lean Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Hepatic Steatosis Severity in Hypertensive and Normotensive Adults: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Blood Pressure with Ultrasonographic Severity of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Hypothyroidism with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction Among Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Ferritin with Severity of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Severity of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Platelet Count with Noninvasive Fibrosis Indicators in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index and Its Association with Ultrasonographic Severity of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Fibrosis-4 Index and Its Association with Metabolic Risk Factors in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index and Fibrosis-4 Index in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Number of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors with Severity of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolic Factors in Liver Disease
Prevalence of Abnormal Liver Function Tests Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Pattern of Liver Function Abnormalities Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Glycaemic Control with Liver Enzyme Abnormalities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Duration of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Ultrasonographic Hepatic Steatosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Diabetic Microvascular Complications with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Among Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Among Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Metabolic Parameters in Diabetic Patients with and without Hepatic Steatosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Central Obesity with Hepatic Steatosis Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Body Mass Index with Liver Enzyme Abnormalities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Waist Circumference with Liver Enzyme Abnormalities Among Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Hepatic Steatosis Among Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Number of Metabolic Syndrome Components with Ultrasonographic Hepatic Steatosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Liver Function Parameters in Obese and Non-Obese Adults: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Liver Enzyme Abnormalities Among Obese Adults Attending a Medicine Outpatient Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Triglycerides with Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol with Hepatic Steatosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol with Hepatic Steatosis in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Uric Acid with Hepatic Steatosis Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Hyperuricemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with and without Hepatic Steatosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Hypertension with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Hepatic Steatosis Severity in Patients with Controlled and Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Glycated Haemoglobin with Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Glycated Haemoglobin with Fibrosis-4 Index in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hepatic Steatosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Advanced Noninvasive Fibrosis Indicators Among Diabetic Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Noninvasive Liver Fibrosis Indices in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients with Hepatic Steatosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Atherogenic Dyslipidaemia with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Hepatic Steatosis Among Young Adults with Central Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Non-Obese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone with Hepatic Steatosis in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Liver Enzyme Profiles Between Patients with Metabolic Syndrome with and without Hepatic Steatosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Fasting Triglyceride-to-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio with Hepatic Steatosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Metabolic Predictors of Moderate to Severe Ultrasonographic Hepatic Steatosis: A Hospital-Based Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Chronic Hepatitis B Infection
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Spectrum of Liver Function Abnormalities Among Patients with Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Positivity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Positivity Among Adult Medical Inpatients: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Positivity Among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Aetiological Contribution of Hepatitis B Infection Among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Comparison of Hepatitis B-Related and Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Comparison of Hepatitis B-Related and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Cirrhosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Alanine Aminotransferase Levels with Hepatitis B Virus Replication Markers in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Aspartate Aminotransferase Levels with Hepatitis B Virus Replication Markers in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Bilirubin with Clinical Severity of Hepatitis B-Related Chronic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Albumin with Severity of Hepatitis B-Related Chronic Liver Disease: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Haematological Abnormalities Among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Thrombocytopenia in Hepatitis B-Related Chronic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Platelet Count with Ultrasonographic Features of Portal Hypertension in Hepatitis B-Related Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection and Its Association with Ultrasonographic Liver Changes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Fibrosis-4 Index in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection and Its Association with Routine Biochemical Parameters: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index and Fibrosis-4 Index in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Age with Noninvasive Fibrosis Indicators in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Ultrasonographic Liver Abnormalities Among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Splenomegaly Among Patients with Hepatitis B-Related Chronic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Portal Hypertension Features Among Patients with Hepatitis B-Related Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Oesophageal Varices Among Patients with Hepatitis B-Related Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Platelet Count and Spleen Size with Oesophageal Varices in Hepatitis B-Related Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Metabolic Parameters in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with and without Hepatic Steatosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Dyslipidaemia Among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study
Renal Function Profile Among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Hepatitis B-Related Decompensated Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Compensated and Decompensated Hepatitis B-Related Cirrhosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Coinfection Among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Knowledge of Hepatitis B Transmission and Prevention Among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Hepatitis B Screening Status Among Household Contacts of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Hepatitis C and Acute Viral Hepatitis
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Antibody Positivity Among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Aetiological Contribution of Hepatitis C Infection Among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Clinical and Biochemical Profiles of Hepatitis B-Related and Hepatitis C-Related Chronic Liver Disease: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Haematological Abnormalities Among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Thrombocytopenia Among Patients with Hepatitis C-Related Chronic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Platelet Count with Ultrasonographic Features of Portal Hypertension in Hepatitis C-Related Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study
Fibrosis-4 Index and Its Association with Clinical and Biochemical Parameters in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Noninvasive Fibrosis Indices in Chronic Hepatitis B and Chronic Hepatitis C Infection: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Hepatic Steatosis Among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical, Biochemical and Aetiological Profile of Acute Viral Hepatitis in Adults: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Aetiological Spectrum of Acute Viral Hepatitis Among Adult Medical Inpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Acute Hepatitis A Infection in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Acute Hepatitis E Infection in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Clinical and Biochemical Features of Acute Hepatitis A and Acute Hepatitis E Infection in Adults: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Acute Hepatitis B Infection in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Pattern of Liver Enzyme Elevation Among Patients with Acute Viral Hepatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Bilirubin with Clinical Manifestations of Acute Viral Hepatitis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Aminotransferase Levels with Severity of Jaundice in Acute Viral Hepatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Coagulation Abnormalities Among Patients with Acute Viral Hepatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of International Normalized Ratio with Clinical Severity of Acute Viral Hepatitis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Haematological Abnormalities Among Patients with Acute Viral Hepatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Thrombocytopenia Among Patients with Acute Viral Hepatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Leukopenia Among Patients with Acute Viral Hepatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Renal Function Abnormalities Among Patients with Acute Viral Hepatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Serum Electrolyte Abnormalities Among Patients with Acute Viral Hepatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Ultrasonographic Abnormalities Among Adult Patients with Acute Viral Hepatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Gallbladder Wall Thickening in Acute Viral Hepatitis and Its Association with Biochemical Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical Profile of Acute Viral Hepatitis Presenting with Cholestatic Features: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters Between Icteric and Anicteric Acute Viral Hepatitis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Spectrum of Viral Markers Among Adults Presenting with Acute Hepatitis: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced Liver Injury and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Dysfunction
Aetiological, Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Acute Hepatitis Among Adult Medical Inpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Aetiological Spectrum of Acute Liver Injury in Adults: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Drug-Induced Liver Injury: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Spectrum of Medications Associated with Drug-Induced Liver Injury Among Hospitalised Adults: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Patterns of Liver Injury Among Patients with Suspected Drug-Induced Liver Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Hepatocellular and Cholestatic Patterns of Drug-Induced Liver Injury: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Antitubercular Drug-Associated Liver Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Liver Enzyme Abnormalities Among Patients Receiving Antitubercular Therapy Presenting to a Medicine Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Antitubercular Drug-Associated Hepatotoxicity: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Age with Severity of Antitubercular Drug-Associated Liver Injury: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Nutritional Status with Antitubercular Drug-Associated Liver Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Alcohol Consumption with Antitubercular Drug-Associated Liver Injury: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical Profile of Acute Liver Injury Associated with Herbal and Traditional Medicines: A Cross-Sectional Study
Spectrum of Herbal and Complementary Medicines Used by Patients Presenting with Acute Liver Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure at Hospital Presentation: A Cross-Sectional Study
Aetiological Spectrum of Acute Precipitating Events in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study
Spectrum of Organ Dysfunction in Patients with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Bacterial Infection Among Patients with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Sodium with Severity of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Creatinine with Severity of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Bilirubin with Number of Organ Dysfunctions in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Haematological Abnormalities Among Patients with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Severity of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of C-Reactive Protein with Presence of Infection in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Acute Kidney Injury Among Patients with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Clinical and Biochemical Profiles of Acute Decompensation and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Acute Liver Failure at Hospital Presentation: A Cross-Sectional Study
Aetiological Spectrum of Acute Liver Failure Among Adults: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical Characteristics of Viral and Non-Viral Acute Liver Failure: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Coagulation Abnormalities with Grade of Encephalopathy in Acute Liver Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study
Electrolyte Abnormalities Among Patients with Acute Liver Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study
Renal Dysfunction Among Patients with Acute Liver Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Features of Acute Liver Injury with and without Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Jaundice and Cholestatic Liver Disease
Aetiological Spectrum of Jaundice Among Adult Medical Inpatients: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Adults Presenting with Jaundice: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Clinical and Biochemical Features of Hepatocellular and Cholestatic Jaundice: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Aetiological Spectrum of Conjugated Hyperbilirubinaemia Among Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Aetiological Spectrum of Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinaemia Among Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Clinical Features of Conjugated and Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinaemia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Bilirubin Levels with Clinical Symptoms in Patients Presenting with Jaundice: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Pattern of Liver Enzyme Abnormalities Among Patients Presenting with Jaundice: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Alkaline Phosphatase Levels with Ultrasonographic Biliary Abnormalities in Patients with Jaundice: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase with Aetiology of Cholestatic Jaundice: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical, Biochemical and Ultrasonographic Profile of Extrahepatic Cholestasis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Intrahepatic Cholestasis in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Cholestasis Using Clinical, Biochemical and Ultrasonographic Parameters: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Aetiological Spectrum of Extrahepatic Biliary Obstruction Among Adults: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Obstructive Jaundice Among Adult Medical Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Benign and Malignant Causes of Obstructive Jaundice Using Clinical and Biochemical Parameters: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Bilirubin with Ultrasonographic Severity of Biliary Dilatation in Obstructive Jaundice: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase with Bile Duct Dilatation in Obstructive Jaundice: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Haematological Abnormalities Among Patients with Obstructive Jaundice: A Cross-Sectional Study
Coagulation Abnormalities Among Patients with Obstructive Jaundice: A Cross-Sectional Study
Renal Function Abnormalities Among Patients with Severe Jaundice: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Hyponatraemia Among Patients with Severe Hyperbilirubinaemia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Acute Cholangitis Among Adult Medical Inpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Aetiological Spectrum of Acute Cholangitis in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Laboratory Comparison of Acute Cholangitis with and without Bacteraemia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Microbiological Profile of Blood Cultures in Patients with Acute Cholangitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Total Leucocyte Count with Clinical Severity of Acute Cholangitis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of C-Reactive Protein with Clinical Severity of Acute Cholangitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Pruritus and Its Association with Biochemical Cholestasis in Chronic Cholestatic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Lipid Profile Abnormalities in Chronic Cholestatic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical Utility of Routine Liver Function Tests in Differentiating Hepatocellular from Cholestatic Patterns of Liver Injury: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Gallstone Disease and Biliary Disorders
Clinical and Ultrasonographic Profile of Gallstone Disease Among Adults: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Gallstone Disease Among Adults Undergoing Abdominal Ultrasonography: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Gallstone Disease with Age and Sex Among Adult Patients: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Gallstone Disease with Obesity Among Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Gallstone Disease with Central Obesity: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Gallstone Disease with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Gallstone Disease Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Gallstone Prevalence in Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Glycaemic Control with Gallstone Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Gallstone Disease with Metabolic Syndrome: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Dyslipidaemia with Gallstone Disease Among Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Lipid Profiles in Adults with and without Gallstone Disease: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Triglyceride Levels with Gallstone Disease: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Hepatic Steatosis with Gallstone Disease Among Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Gallstone Disease Among Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Metabolic Risk Factors in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease with and without Gallstones: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical Profile of Symptomatic and Incidentally Detected Gallstone Disease: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Number and Size of Gallstones with Clinical Symptoms: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Acute Calculous Cholecystitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Liver Function Parameters in Uncomplicated Gallstone Disease and Acute Cholecystitis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Liver Enzyme Abnormalities Among Patients with Gallstone Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Gallbladder Wall Thickness with Clinical and Inflammatory Parameters in Acute Cholecystitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Total Leucocyte Count with Ultrasonographic Severity of Acute Cholecystitis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of C-Reactive Protein with Ultrasonographic Features of Acute Cholecystitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Common Bile Duct Stones in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Common Bile Duct Diameter with Serum Bilirubin in Patients with Biliary Obstruction: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Common Bile Duct Diameter with Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Suspected Choledocholithiasis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Liver Function Parameters in Gallbladder Stones with and without Common Bile Duct Stones: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Gallbladder Sludge Among Patients Undergoing Abdominal Ultrasonography and Its Clinical Associations: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Gallbladder Sludge with Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Ultrasonographic Profile of Gallbladder Polyps Among Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Gallbladder Abnormalities Among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Gallbladder Wall Thickness in Patients with Cirrhosis with and without Ascites: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Focal Liver Lesions
Clinical, Biochemical and Radiological Profile of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Aetiological Spectrum of Underlying Liver Disease Among Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical Profile of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with and without Cirrhosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated with Alcohol-Related and Viral Hepatitis-Related Cirrhosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated and Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Age and Sex Distribution of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical Presentation Patterns of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Liver Function Abnormalities Among Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study
Haematological Abnormalities Among Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Anaemia Among Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Association with Tumour Burden: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Thrombocytopenia Among Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Underlying Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein with Radiological Tumour Size in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein with Number of Hepatic Lesions in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Normal and Elevated Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Bilirubin with Radiological Tumour Burden in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Albumin with Clinical and Radiological Features of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Portal Vein Thrombosis with Tumour Characteristics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Radiological Profile of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with and without Portal Vein Thrombosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Ascites Among Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Association with Underlying Cirrhosis Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Hepatic Encephalopathy Among Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Infection Among Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Hepatitis C Infection Among Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Metabolic Risk Factors Among Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study
Spectrum of Focal Liver Lesions Detected on Abdominal Ultrasonography in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Radiological Profile of Incidentally Detected Focal Liver Lesions: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Focal Liver Lesions: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Imaging Profile of Liver Metastases Among Adult Medical Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Spectrum of Primary Malignancies Among Patients Presenting with Liver Metastases: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Ultrasonographic Profile of Simple Hepatic Cysts Among Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Imaging Profile of Liver Abscess Among Adult Medical Inpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Features of Amoebic and Pyogenic Liver Abscess: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Renal, Haematological, Electrolyte and Nutritional Abnormalities in Liver Disease
Prevalence and Pattern of Acute Kidney Injury Among Patients with Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Acute Kidney Injury with Severity of Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Hepatorenal Dysfunction in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Sodium with Renal Dysfunction in Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Albumin with Renal Dysfunction in Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Clinical Parameters in Cirrhotic Patients with and without Acute Kidney Injury: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Hyponatraemia Among Hospitalised Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Comparison of Cirrhotic Patients with and without Hyponatraemia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Hyponatraemia with Ascites Severity in Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Hyponatraemia with Hepatic Encephalopathy in Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence and Pattern of Potassium Abnormalities Among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Magnesium Abnormalities Among Patients with Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Calcium Abnormalities Among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Corrected Serum Calcium Levels and Their Association with Severity of Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Haematological Abnormalities Among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence and Morphological Types of Anaemia Among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Haemoglobin Concentration with Severity of Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Mean Corpuscular Volume with Aetiology of Chronic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Red Cell Distribution Width with Child-Pugh Classification in Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Leukopenia Among Patients with Portal Hypertension and Splenomegaly: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Pancytopenia Among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Hypersplenism: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Spleen Size with Peripheral Blood Cell Counts in Portal Hypertension: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Coagulation Profile Abnormalities Among Patients with Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of International Normalized Ratio with Child-Pugh Classification in Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Nutritional Status Among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis Assessed by Anthropometric Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Malnutrition Among Patients with Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Body Mass Index with Severity of Chronic Liver Disease: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Mid-Upper Arm Circumference with Serum Albumin in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Calf Circumference with Severity of Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Nutritional Parameters in Compensated and Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Serum Lipid Abnormalities Across Different Severities of Liver Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Total Cholesterol with Severity of Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Triglycerides and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol with Severity of Chronic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Autoimmune, Vascular, Inherited and Other Hepatobiliary Disorders
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Autoimmune Hepatitis Among Adult Patients: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Spectrum of Presenting Manifestations of Autoimmune Hepatitis in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Haematological Abnormalities Among Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Immunoglobulin Levels with Biochemical Severity of Autoimmune Hepatitis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Comparison of Autoimmune Hepatitis and Chronic Viral Hepatitis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Associated Autoimmune Disorders Among Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Thyroid Dysfunction Among Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Wilson Disease Presenting in Adulthood: A Cross-Sectional Study
Spectrum of Hepatic Manifestations of Wilson Disease Among Adult Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Haematological Abnormalities Among Adults with Wilson Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical Comparison of Hepatic and Neuropsychiatric Presentations of Wilson Disease in Adults: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Serum Ceruloplasmin Levels with Clinical Manifestations of Wilson Disease: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Budd-Chiari Syndrome Among Adult Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Aetiological Spectrum of Budd-Chiari Syndrome Among Adults: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Ultrasonographic Features of Budd-Chiari Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Features of Acute and Chronic Presentations of Budd-Chiari Syndrome: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Ascites and Portal Hypertension Features Among Patients with Budd-Chiari Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Doppler Ultrasonographic Profile of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Aetiological Spectrum of Portal Vein Thrombosis Among Adult Medical Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhotic and Non-Cirrhotic Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Portal Vein Thrombosis with Severity of Liver Cirrhosis: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Congestive Hepatopathy in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence of Liver Function Abnormalities Among Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Right-Sided Heart Failure Features with Liver Function Abnormalities: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Liver Function Parameters in Heart Failure with Reduced and Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Ischaemic Hepatitis Among Hospitalised Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Prevalence and Pattern of Liver Function Abnormalities Among Patients with Sepsis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Sepsis Severity with Liver Function Abnormalities: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Pyogenic Liver Abscess in Adults: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Amoebic Liver Abscess in Adults: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Association of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Clinical Characteristics of Pyogenic Liver Abscess: A Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of Liver Abscess Characteristics in Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Aetiological, Clinical, Biochemical and Ultrasonographic Spectrum of Hepatobiliary Disorders Among Adults Admitted to a General Medicine Department: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Not the general medicine subspeciality you need? Hepatobiliary system (md medicine/dnb medicine ) is one section of our full general medicine collection — the hub page lists every subspeciality, each with its own free topic list. Updated September 2026.
📌 Updated for 2026–2027 MD Medicine/DNB Medicine Hepatobiliary System admissions
The page has been reviewed for feasibility in postgraduate medicine departments where most hepatobiliary research can be completed with structured clinical assessment, routine laboratory data, abdominal ultrasonography, endoscopy and standard inpatient records.
Most projects can be completed with liver function tests, renal function tests, complete blood counts, coagulation profiles, abdominal ultrasonography, portal Doppler, ascitic fluid analysis and endoscopy where clinically indicated.
Research-only liver biopsy, elastography, advanced molecular biomarkers, genetic panels or specialised metabolomic testing are not required for most feasible dissertation designs.
Publication potential is strongest when the protocol uses a clear disease definition, prespecified severity measure, reproducible imaging criteria and an analysis that does not reuse the same laboratory variable on both sides of an association.
Generate a protocol from any topic above
Select Generate Protocol → beside any title in the list above and receive a submission-ready document built around that topic, containing all eighteen components:
Introduction / Synopsis
Research Question
Aim of the Study
Primary Objective
Secondary Objectives
Materials and Methods
Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
Sample Size Calculation
Methodology
Statistical Analysis
Ethical Considerations
Review of Literature
References
Gantt Chart / Study Timeline
Patient Information Sheet
Consent Form
Data Collection Form
Already have your thesis title?
Generate the full hepatobiliary system (md medicine/dnb medicine ) protocol directly — objectives, methodology, sample size, statistics, timeline, references and annexures.
Alongside hepatobiliary system (md medicine/dnb medicine ) protocols and synopses, support is also available for departmental presentations, journal club presentations, ethics committee presentations, and posters and oral presentations for medical conferences — for postgraduate residents, board trainees and research scholars across India and the GCC. Prepared by a practising doctor with long experience in medical publishing and thesis supervision.
Hepatobiliary system (md medicine/dnb medicine ) research outside India
The topics above work as research questions anywhere — what changes is the document the institution expects, and who approves it before data collection begins. The Gulf equivalent of an Indian synopsis is the hepatobiliary system (md medicine/dnb medicine ) research proposal submitted to an institutional review board, and it ordinarily carries three sections an Indian synopsis does not: a Gantt chart, a budget and resources section, and a Declaration of Helsinki statement.
Board and residency programmes — country by country
Saudi Arabia — SCFHS and the Saudi Board. Residency and fellowship training under the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties includes a research project with a set timeline, and the hepatobiliary system (md medicine/dnb medicine ) research proposal is the document prepared at the outset and cleared by the institutional review board before recruitment starts.
United Arab Emirates — DHA, DOH Abu Dhabi and MOHAP. Residents training in Dubai, Abu Dhabi and the northern emirates prepare a hepatobiliary system (md medicine/dnb medicine ) research protocol for their programme and submit it for institutional review board approval before any data are collected.
Qatar — DHP (formerly QCHP) and Hamad Medical Corporation. A hepatobiliary system (md medicine/dnb medicine ) IRB proposal is reviewed before recruitment, with the ethics section written to the institution's own template rather than a generic one.
Bahrain — NHRA. Trainees turning hepatobiliary system (md medicine/dnb medicine ) research topics into a project need the proposal cleared by their institutional research and ethics committee before fieldwork begins.
Oman — OMSB. Residency programmes under the Oman Medical Specialty Board include a research component, and the hepatobiliary system (md medicine/dnb medicine ) research proposal is the document assessed at the start of it.
Kuwait — KIMS. A hepatobiliary system (md medicine/dnb medicine ) study protocol goes to the institutional committee for approval before the project begins.
Arab Board programmes across the region. The Arab Board carries its own research requirement irrespective of the host country, and the hepatobiliary system (md medicine/dnb medicine ) proposal follows the same structure throughout.
Postgraduate degrees — Malaysia, the Gulf and beyond
Malaysia — MMed, the National Medical Research Register and MREC. A hepatobiliary system (md medicine/dnb medicine ) dissertation proposal for a Master of Medicine programme carried out in a Ministry of Health facility must be registered on the NMRR and approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee before the study begins, and the guidance asks for submission four to six months ahead of data collection. Every investigator on the study team registers on the NMRR as well, so the methodology, ethics and team sections are written in far more detail than an Indian synopsis requires.
PhD and Master's candidates elsewhere. University programmes generally require a full hepatobiliary system (md medicine/dnb medicine ) research proposal of roughly 6,000 to 10,000 words, with an extended literature review, a theoretical framework and a detailed methodology chapter.
PhD and MMed proposals are written individually by a medical doctor and revised until the supervisor accepts them. They are not produced by the automated protocol generator.
🔥 Trending research areas in Hepatobiliary System for 2026–27
Current dissertation opportunities increasingly favour clinically useful risk stratification, metabolic liver disease and reproducible non-invasive markers rather than descriptive liver-function profiles alone.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: diabetes, obesity, central adiposity and routine fibrosis indices provide feasible questions when steatosis and fibrosis are defined separately.
Non-invasive portal-hypertension assessment: platelet count, spleen size, portal Doppler and simple composite indices remain useful when endoscopic variceal status is recorded independently.
Acute decompensation and organ dysfunction: renal dysfunction, infection, electrolyte disturbances and encephalopathy are clinically relevant when the protocol fixes the time of assessment before major treatment changes.
Routine-data fibrosis stratification: APRI, FIB-4 and related indices are attractive for postgraduate research, but their components must not be reused as independent predictors of the same score.
Protocol and synopsis guidance
What a Hepatobiliary System protocol must contain
Case definition: State exactly how cirrhosis, portal hypertension, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, acute hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury or another hepatobiliary condition will be diagnosed. Do not pool clinically different entities under a broad label such as chronic liver disease unless the objective specifically requires it.
Severity definition: Name the severity measure and define when it is calculated. Child-Pugh class, MELD-based scores, encephalopathy grade, ascites grade and acute kidney injury each measure different constructs and should not be treated as interchangeable.
Avoid circularity: If serum bilirubin, albumin, international normalised ratio, creatinine or sodium contributes to the chosen severity score, testing that same variable as an independent predictor of the score creates a built-in association. The protocol should either choose an outcome not containing that variable or clearly state that the analysis is descriptive rather than predictive.
Imaging definition: Ultrasound steatosis grade, spleen size, portal-vein diameter, gallbladder-wall thickness and Doppler measurements depend on technique and operator. Define the measurement method, patient preparation and reporting criteria before recruitment.
Timing and treatment: Record whether laboratory values were obtained before diuretics, albumin, large-volume paracentesis, antibiotics, lactulose, blood transfusion or other treatment that can alter the variable being studied.
Hepatobiliary System synopsis versus Hepatobiliary System protocol
Synopsis: The synopsis should state the hepatobiliary condition, study design, major exposure or predictor, primary outcome, approximate sample size and broad statistical plan in a concise form suitable for departmental and institutional review.
Protocol: The full protocol must define diagnostic criteria, compensated or decompensated status, timing of blood sampling, scoring systems, imaging measurement methods, endoscopic reference standards where relevant, treatment received before assessment and handling of major confounders such as alcohol use, diabetes, obesity and renal dysfunction.
Why the distinction matters: A synopsis may propose correlating platelet count with variceal grade, but the protocol must state when the platelet count is taken, how splenomegaly and portal-hypertension severity are recorded, how varices are graded and whether prior band ligation or beta-blocker therapy changes eligibility.
Sample size and statistical analysis
Match sample size to the primary endpoint: Estimating prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, comparing compensated and decompensated cirrhosis, assessing a correlation with variceal grade and evaluating a non-invasive predictor of advanced fibrosis require different calculations.
Do not analyse components against their own composite: Correlating bilirubin with Child-Pugh score, creatinine with a MELD-based score or age with FIB-4 can be mathematically circular because the predictor already contributes to the outcome score. Such analyses should be avoided or explicitly framed as component-description studies.
Use appropriate handling for skewed variables: Bilirubin, aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, ferritin and many fibrosis indices are often non-normally distributed. Distribution should be checked before selecting parametric tests.
Separate association from discrimination: A statistically significant association with varices, advanced fibrosis or decompensation does not establish a clinically useful cut-off. If a threshold is proposed, sensitivity, specificity and receiver-operating-characteristic analysis should be prespecified and ideally validated in a separate sample.
Frequently Asked Questions – Hepatobiliary System Thesis Topics (MD Medicine/dnb Medicine Research Topics) (2026–27)
1. How do I choose a feasible Hepatobiliary System topic for the 2026–2027 academic year?
Start with conditions that your medicine unit sees regularly, such as cirrhosis, portal hypertension, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, viral hepatitis or acute liver injury. Prefer a focused question using investigations already performed in routine care. Avoid a design that depends on liver biopsy, elastography or specialised biomarkers unless those are consistently available throughout the planned recruitment period.
2. Which study designs are usually accepted for a Hepatobiliary System dissertation?
Feasible designs include cross-sectional observational and analytical studies, comparative studies between defined liver-disease groups, retrospective record-based cohorts, short prospective cohorts and diagnostic or prognostic studies using a clearly defined reference standard. The design should follow the question rather than labelling every study as cross-sectional by default.
3. What should I settle with my guide before finalising a Hepatobiliary System topic?
Agree on the exact diagnosis, disease stage, primary outcome, severity score, timing of laboratory measurements, imaging method, expected case load and whether previous treatment changes eligibility. For studies involving varices, ascites, encephalopathy or fibrosis, the reference definition should be fixed before data collection starts.
4. Can I use routine ultrasonography and laboratory indices for a Hepatobiliary System thesis?
Yes, provided their limitations are built into the protocol. Ultrasound can identify steatosis, ascites, splenomegaly, biliary dilatation and portal-hypertension features, but ultrasound steatosis grade is not a direct measure of fibrosis. APRI and FIB-4 are calculated indices, so their component variables should not later be presented as independent predictors of those same indices.
5. What is the difference between a Hepatobiliary System synopsis and a Hepatobiliary System protocol?
The synopsis presents the research question, liver-disease population, study design, principal variables and broad analysis plan. The protocol turns that idea into a reproducible method by defining diagnostic criteria, disease stage, timing of measurements, scoring systems, imaging technique, treatment-related exclusions, sample-size assumptions and statistical analysis.
6. What ethical issues should I address in a Hepatobiliary System study?
Prospective studies should obtain informed consent, while record-based retrospective work may qualify for an ethics-approved waiver of consent. If children are included, guardian consent and child assent from about seven years should be addressed. No additional radiation, contrast study, endoscopy, liver biopsy or research-only venepuncture should be added merely for the dissertation unless specifically justified and approved. If extra blood is required, the protocol should state the blood-volume limit and sampling schedule.
Separate consent is required for identifiable photographs or video. Incidental clinically important findings such as a focal liver lesion, portal-vein thrombosis, biliary obstruction or unexpectedly severe fibrosis should have a named escalation route to the treating team. Retrospective imaging studies should address anonymisation because DICOM headers and reconstructed image data can contain identifiers.
7. How do I avoid circular associations when studying liver-disease severity scores?
First inspect the formula or components of the score being used. Child-Pugh includes bilirubin, albumin, international normalised ratio, ascites and encephalopathy, while MELD-based scores and FIB-4 also contain laboratory or demographic variables. If the proposed predictor is already part of the outcome score, a significant association may be mathematically inevitable rather than biologically informative. Use an external clinical outcome, a different severity measure that does not contain the predictor, or clearly describe the analysis as a comparison of score components rather than a predictive study.
8. Can a Hepatobiliary System dissertation later support a PhD or Gulf board research pathway?
Yes, but the documents serve different purposes. An MD or DNB synopsis is usually a bounded residency dissertation plan, while a PhD proposal generally requires a broader research gap, more extensive methodology and a programme of work beyond one residency project. Gulf pathways may also require a separate board research project under SCFHS and the Saudi Board, the Arab Board of Health Specializations, or DHP, DHA, DOH and MOHAP-linked training programmes. The same clinical question may sometimes be adapted, but supervision, ethics, format and institutional requirements should be checked for the specific programme.
9. When should I register my Hepatobiliary System dissertation?
Register after the diagnostic definition, disease stage, primary endpoint, main predictor, sample-size basis and measurement method have been agreed with the guide. Confirm that the department sees enough eligible patients and that the required ultrasonography, endoscopy, Doppler or laboratory data are available consistently before final registration.
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