Emergency Medicine Thesis Topics

emergnecy medicine research topics

These emergency medicine thesis topics are intended for MD Emergency Medicine, DNB Emergency Medicine and other postgraduate candidates studying triage, resuscitation, cardiovascular emergencies, respiratory emergencies, neurological emergencies, trauma, toxicology, sepsis, metabolic crises, renal emergencies and other acute-care presentations. The emphasis is on designs that can be completed within one thesis period using patients, triage observations, bedside examination, routine laboratory investigations, electrocardiography, point-of-care testing, imaging and treatment data already generated during standard emergency care. Strong projects define a precise time zero, distinguish prehospital findings from post-treatment values and avoid circular analyses in which the predictor is already embedded in the triage or severity outcome. The same framework can be adapted for emergency medicine research topics, an emergency medicine protocol or an emergency medicine synopsis before final discussion with the postgraduate guide.

Last reviewed and updated: September 2026 · 2026–27 admissions

Our MD Medicine Thesis Guidance provides structured protocols, sample size formulas, and institutional review board (IRB) layout guides.

Triage, Resuscitation and Initial Emergency Assessment

  1. Clinical Profile and Factors Associated with High-Acuity Triage Categorization among Adult Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  2. Association of Initial Shock Index with Emergency Department Disposition among Adult Patients Presenting with Medical Emergencies: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  3. Comparison of Modified Early Warning Score Parameters between Patients Requiring Emergency Department Resuscitation and Those Managed in Non-Resuscitation Areas: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  4. Association of Initial Mean Arterial Pressure with Severity of Illness among Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Clinical Profile of Patients Requiring Immediate Resuscitation on Arrival to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
  6. Association of Peripheral Oxygen Saturation at Triage with Emergency Department Disposition among Adult Medical Emergency Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  7. Comparison of Presenting Vital Signs among Patients Admitted to Critical Care and General Wards from the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  8. Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Hypotension at Presentation among Adults Attending a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  9. Association of Capillary Refill Time with Haemodynamic Instability among Critically Ill Adults in the Emergency Department: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  10. Comparison of Shock Index and Age-Adjusted Shock Index for Identification of High-Acuity Adult Emergency Department Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  11. Clinical Profile and Factors Associated with Emergency Department Resuscitation Bay Utilisation: A Cross-Sectional Study
  12. Association of Altered Mental Status at Triage with Immediate Emergency Department Disposition among Adult Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  13. Comparison of Physiological Parameters between Patients Arriving by Ambulance and Those Arriving by Other Modes of Transport: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  14. Prevalence of Unrecognized Hypoxaemia among Adult Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  15. Association of Respiratory Rate Abnormalities with High-Acuity Triage Classification in Adult Emergency Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  16. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Patients Presenting during Daytime and Night-Time Emergency Department Shifts: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  17. Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Requiring Multiple Resuscitative Interventions during Initial Emergency Department Management: A Cross-Sectional Study
  18. Association of Body Temperature at Triage with Emergency Department Acuity among Adult Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  19. Comparison of Emergency Severity Classification with Physiological Warning Scores among Adult Emergency Department Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  20. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Undifferentiated Shock to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  21. Association of Initial Lactate Concentration with Haemodynamic Instability among Critically Ill Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  22. Comparison of Venous Lactate Levels between Patients with and without Clinical Signs of Shock in the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  23. Prevalence of Abnormal Peripheral Perfusion Findings among Adult Patients Classified as High Acuity at Triage: A Cross-Sectional Study
  24. Association of Pulse Pressure with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Acute Medical Emergencies: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  25. Comparison of Physiological Characteristics between Referred and Directly Presenting Critically Ill Patients in the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  26. Clinical Spectrum of Indications for Emergency Airway Intervention among Adult Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study
  27. Association of Initial Glasgow Coma Scale Score with Need for Resuscitative Intervention among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  28. Comparison of Emergency Department Acuity among Patients with Single and Multiple Chronic Comorbidities: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  29. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Delayed Recognition of Critical Illness at Emergency Department Triage: A Cross-Sectional Study
  30. Association of Tachycardia at Presentation with Abnormal Laboratory Parameters among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  31. Comparison of Haemodynamic Parameters between Younger and Older Adults Requiring Emergency Resuscitation: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  32. Clinical Profile of Adult Patients Receiving Intravenous Fluid Resuscitation in the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  33. Association of Initial Systolic Blood Pressure with Emergency Department Level of Care among Adult Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  34. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Patients Receiving and Not Receiving Oxygen Therapy during Initial Emergency Department Assessment: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  35. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Immediate Critical Care Referral from the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  36. Association of Number of Abnormal Vital Signs with Emergency Department Disposition among Adult Medical Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  37. Comparison of Physiological Warning Scores among Patients Presenting with Medical and Surgical Emergencies: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  38. Clinical Profile of Patients Presenting with Unrecordable or Severely Low Blood Pressure to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  39. Association of Triage Heart Rate with Requirement for Emergency Procedures among Adult Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  40. Comparison of Initial Physiological Parameters between Survivors and Patients Experiencing Cardiac Arrest within the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  41. Prevalence of Critical Abnormalities in Initial Vital Signs among Apparently Stable Emergency Department Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
  42. Association of Low Peripheral Oxygen Saturation with Altered Mental Status among Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  43. Comparison of Initial Clinical Findings among Patients Requiring Non-Invasive and Invasive Respiratory Support in the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  44. Clinical Profile of Patients Presenting with Combined Hypotension and Altered Sensorium to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  45. Association of Initial Temperature and Heart Rate with Suspected Infection among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  46. Comparison of Triage Acuity and Clinical Severity between Self-Referred and Physician-Referred Emergency Department Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  47. Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Tachypnoea among Adult Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  48. Association of Abnormal Mental Status, Blood Pressure, and Respiratory Rate with Emergency Department Disposition: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  49. Comparison of Initial Resuscitation Requirements among Adults with Medical, Surgical, and Trauma Emergencies: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  50. Spectrum of Immediate Life-Saving Interventions Performed in Adult Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study

Cardiovascular Emergencies

  1. Clinical and Electrocardiographic Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Chest Pain to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  2. Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Ischaemic Electrocardiographic Changes among Adults Presenting with Acute Chest Pain: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  3. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Patients with Cardiac and Non-Cardiac Causes of Acute Chest Pain: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  4. Prevalence of Acute Coronary Syndrome among Adults Presenting with Non-Traumatic Chest Pain to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Association of Initial Heart Rate with Clinical Severity among Patients Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  6. Comparison of Presenting Features of Acute Coronary Syndrome between Adults with and without Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  7. Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Atypical Symptoms among Patients Diagnosed with Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  8. Association of Age with Atypical Presentation of Acute Myocardial Infarction among Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  9. Comparison of Electrocardiographic Findings between Younger and Older Adults Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  10. Clinical Profile of Patients Presenting with Hypertensive Emergencies to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  11. Association of Presenting Blood Pressure with Acute Target Organ Manifestations among Patients with Severe Hypertension: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  12. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Hypertensive Emergency and Hypertensive Urgency Presentations in the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  13. Prevalence of Previously Undiagnosed Hypertension among Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department for Non-Cardiovascular Complaints: A Cross-Sectional Study
  14. Association of Pulse Pressure with Acute Cardiovascular Manifestations among Adults Presenting with Severe Hypertension: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  15. Comparison of Cardiovascular Presentations among Patients with Controlled and Uncontrolled Hypertension Attending the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  16. Clinical Profile of Adult Patients Presenting with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  17. Association of Peripheral Oxygen Saturation with Clinical Severity among Patients with Acute Heart Failure: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  18. Comparison of Presenting Features of Acute Heart Failure among Patients with Preserved and Reduced Left Ventricular Systolic Function: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  19. Prevalence of Electrolyte Abnormalities among Patients Presenting with Acute Heart Failure to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  20. Association of Renal Dysfunction with Clinical Severity among Patients Presenting with Acute Heart Failure: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  21. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between First-Episode and Previously Diagnosed Heart Failure Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  22. Clinical Profile and Aetiological Spectrum of Adults Presenting with Palpitations to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  23. Association of Electrolyte Abnormalities with Cardiac Arrhythmias among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  24. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Supraventricular and Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  25. Prevalence and Types of Cardiac Arrhythmias among Adults Presenting with Syncope to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  26. Association of Corrected QT Interval Prolongation with Electrolyte Disturbances among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  27. Comparison of Electrocardiographic Abnormalities among Patients with and without Chronic Kidney Disease Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  28. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Pericarditis to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  29. Association of Chest Pain Characteristics with Electrocardiographic Evidence of Myocardial Ischaemia: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  30. Comparison of Clinical and Electrocardiographic Characteristics of Acute Coronary Syndrome between Men and Women: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  31. Prevalence of Right Ventricular Involvement among Patients Presenting with Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction: A Cross-Sectional Study
  32. Association of Admission Blood Glucose with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  33. Comparison of Haemodynamic Profiles among Patients with Anterior and Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  34. Clinical Profile of Patients Presenting with Cardiogenic Shock to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  35. Association of Shock Index with Clinical Severity among Patients Presenting with Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  36. Comparison of Presenting Features between Cardiogenic and Non-Cardiogenic Causes of Hypotension in the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  37. Prevalence of Conduction Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
  38. Association of Serum Potassium Abnormalities with Electrocardiographic Changes among Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  39. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Patients with New-Onset and Previously Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  40. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Atrial Fibrillation and Rapid Ventricular Response to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  41. Association of Anaemia with Clinical Severity among Patients Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  42. Comparison of Acute Coronary Syndrome Presentation among Smokers and Non-Smokers Attending the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  43. Prevalence of Acute Kidney Injury at Presentation among Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study
  44. Association of Serum Sodium Concentration with Clinical Severity among Patients with Acute Heart Failure: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  45. Comparison of Clinical Features of Heart Failure among Patients with and without Atrial Fibrillation: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  46. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Suspected Acute Aortic Syndrome to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  47. Association of D-Dimer Concentration with Clinical Probability of Acute Aortic Syndrome among Selected Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  48. Comparison of Clinical Presentations of Acute Coronary Syndrome among Older and Younger Adult Emergency Department Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  49. Prevalence of Significant Electrocardiographic Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Unexplained Dyspnoea: A Cross-Sectional Study
  50. Association of Cardiovascular Comorbidity Burden with High-Acuity Emergency Department Presentation among Adults with Acute Cardiac Symptoms: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Respiratory Emergencies

  1. Clinical Profile and Aetiological Spectrum of Adults Presenting with Acute Dyspnoea to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  2. Association of Respiratory Rate with Severity of Hypoxaemia among Adults Presenting with Acute Dyspnoea: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  3. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Cardiac and Respiratory Causes of Acute Dyspnoea: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  4. Prevalence of Hypoxaemia among Adults Presenting with Acute Respiratory Symptoms to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Association of Accessory Muscle Use with Requirement for Respiratory Support among Adults with Acute Dyspnoea: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  6. Comparison of Clinical Features between Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Acute Bronchial Asthma: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  7. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
  8. Association of Smoking Exposure with Clinical Severity among Patients Presenting with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  9. Comparison of Blood Gas Parameters between Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Acute Bronchial Asthma: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  10. Prevalence of Hypercapnia among Patients Presenting with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
  11. Association of Altered Sensorium with Hypercapnia among Patients Presenting with Acute Respiratory Failure: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  12. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Hypercapnic and Hypoxaemic Respiratory Failure in the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  13. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Severe Asthma to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  14. Association of Peak Expiratory Flow with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Acute Asthma: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  15. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between First-Episode Wheezing and Known Bronchial Asthma Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  16. Prevalence of Respiratory Acidosis among Adults with Acute Severe Respiratory Symptoms in the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  17. Association of Peripheral Oxygen Saturation with Blood Gas Abnormalities among Adults with Acute Respiratory Distress: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  18. Comparison of Arterial and Venous Blood Gas Parameters in Selected Adults Presenting with Acute Respiratory Illness: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  19. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Community-Acquired Pneumonia to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  20. Association of Multilobar Radiographic Involvement with Clinical Severity among Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  21. Comparison of Clinical Features of Community-Acquired Pneumonia among Adults with and without Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  22. Prevalence of Hyponatraemia among Adults Presenting with Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Cross-Sectional Study
  23. Association of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Clinical Severity among Adults with Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  24. Comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Bacterial and Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  25. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Spontaneous Pneumothorax to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  26. Association of Pneumothorax Size with Respiratory Distress at Presentation: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  27. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Primary and Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  28. Prevalence of Pleural Effusion among Adults Presenting with Acute Dyspnoea to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  29. Association of Pleural Effusion Size with Oxygen Saturation among Adults Presenting with Dyspnoea: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  30. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Unilateral and Bilateral Pleural Effusions Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  31. Clinical Profile of Patients Presenting with Hemoptysis to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  32. Association of Hemoptysis Volume with Haemodynamic and Respiratory Compromise among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  33. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Infectious and Non-Infectious Causes of Hemoptysis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  34. Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Adults Presenting with Hemoptysis to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  35. Association of Chest Radiograph Abnormalities with Hypoxaemia among Patients Presenting with Acute Respiratory Symptoms: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  36. Comparison of Lung Auscultation Findings with Chest Radiograph Findings among Adults Presenting with Acute Dyspnoea: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  37. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Suspected Pulmonary Embolism to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  38. Association of Clinical Probability Features with D-Dimer Elevation among Adults Evaluated for Pulmonary Embolism: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  39. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Confirmed and Excluded Pulmonary Embolism among Emergency Department Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  40. Prevalence of Electrocardiographic Abnormalities among Adults Evaluated for Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Cross-Sectional Study
  41. Association of Tachycardia with Pulmonary Embolism Probability among Adults Presenting with Acute Dyspnoea: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  42. Comparison of Clinical and Blood Gas Parameters between Pulmonary Embolism and Acute Pneumonia Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  43. Clinical Profile of Adults Requiring Non-Invasive Ventilatory Support in the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  44. Association of Initial Blood Gas Parameters with Need for Invasive Ventilation among Adults with Acute Respiratory Failure: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  45. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Patients Receiving Non-Invasive and Invasive Ventilatory Support: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  46. Prevalence of Respiratory Failure among Older Adults Presenting with Acute Dyspnoea: A Cross-Sectional Study
  47. Association of Comorbidity Burden with Respiratory Failure among Adults Presenting with Acute Dyspnoea: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  48. Comparison of Acute Respiratory Presentations among Smokers and Non-Smokers Attending the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  49. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Respiratory Distress and Normal Initial Chest Radiography: A Cross-Sectional Study
  50. Association of Bedside Clinical Findings with Requirement for Advanced Respiratory Support among Adults Presenting with Acute Dyspnoea: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Neurological Emergencies

  1. Clinical and Aetiological Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Altered Sensorium to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  2. Association of Glasgow Coma Scale Score with Emergency Department Disposition among Adults Presenting with Altered Sensorium: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  3. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Metabolic and Structural Causes of Acute Altered Sensorium: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  4. Prevalence of Electrolyte Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Acute Altered Sensorium: A Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Association of Blood Glucose Abnormalities with Glasgow Coma Scale Score among Adults Presenting with Altered Sensorium: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  6. Comparison of Clinical Features between Infectious and Non-Infectious Causes of Acute Encephalopathy: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  7. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Ischaemic Stroke to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  8. Association of Admission Blood Glucose with Neurological Deficit Severity among Adults Presenting with Acute Ischaemic Stroke: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  9. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Ischaemic Stroke among Adults with and without Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  10. Prevalence of Hypertension among Adults Presenting with Acute Stroke to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  11. Association of Presenting Blood Pressure with Neurological Deficit Severity among Adults with Acute Stroke: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  12. Comparison of Clinical Presentations between Ischaemic and Haemorrhagic Stroke in the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  13. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Intracerebral Haemorrhage to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  14. Association of Glasgow Coma Scale Score with Hematoma Characteristics among Adults with Intracerebral Haemorrhage: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  15. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Deep and Lobar Intracerebral Haemorrhage: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  16. Prevalence of Electrocardiographic Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Acute Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study
  17. Association of Serum Sodium Abnormalities with Altered Sensorium among Acute Stroke Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  18. Comparison of Stroke Presentation among Younger and Older Adults Attending a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  19. Clinical Profile and Aetiological Spectrum of Adults Presenting with New-Onset Seizures to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  20. Association of Metabolic Abnormalities with New-Onset Seizures among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  21. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Provoked and Unprovoked First Seizures in Adults: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  22. Prevalence of Neuroimaging Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with First-Episode Seizure: A Cross-Sectional Study
  23. Association of Postictal Glasgow Coma Scale Score with Neuroimaging Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Seizures: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  24. Comparison of Clinical Profiles between Patients with Status Epilepticus and Self-Limited Seizure Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  25. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Status Epilepticus to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  26. Association of Aetiology with Level of Consciousness among Adults Presenting with Status Epilepticus: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  27. Comparison of Clinical Features of Status Epilepticus among Patients with and without Known Epilepsy: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  28. Prevalence of Hypoglycaemia among Adults Presenting with Seizure to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  29. Association of Alcohol Use with Seizure Presentation among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  30. Comparison of Clinical Features between Alcohol-Related and Non-Alcohol-Related Seizures: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  31. Clinical and Aetiological Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Severe Headache to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  32. Association of Red-Flag Clinical Features with Neuroimaging Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Acute Headache: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  33. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Primary and Secondary Acute Headache Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  34. Prevalence of Intracranial Abnormalities among Adults Undergoing Emergency Neuroimaging for Acute Headache: A Cross-Sectional Study
  35. Association of Vomiting with Intracranial Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Acute Headache: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  36. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Migraine and Secondary Headache Presentations in the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  37. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Vertigo to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  38. Association of Neurological Examination Abnormalities with Central Causes of Acute Vertigo: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  39. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Peripheral and Central Vertigo Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  40. Prevalence of Posterior Circulation Stroke among High-Risk Adults Presenting with Acute Vertigo: A Cross-Sectional Study
  41. Association of Gait Abnormality with Central Neurological Aetiology among Adults Presenting with Acute Dizziness: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  42. Comparison of Clinical Profiles of Syncope and Seizure Presentations among Adults with Transient Loss of Consciousness: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  43. Clinical Profile and Aetiological Spectrum of Adults Presenting with Syncope to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  44. Association of Electrocardiographic Abnormalities with High-Risk Features among Adults Presenting with Syncope: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  45. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Cardiac and Non-Cardiac Syncope Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  46. Prevalence of Orthostatic Hypotension among Older Adults Presenting with Syncope or Presyncope: A Cross-Sectional Study
  47. Association of Anaemia with Syncope among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  48. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Acute Neurological Emergencies among Patients with and without Hypertension: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  49. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Focal Neurological Deficits with Normal Initial Neuroimaging: A Cross-Sectional Study
  50. Association of Initial Neurological Examination Findings with Emergency Department Disposition among Adults Presenting with Acute Neurological Emergencies: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Trauma and Injury

  1. Clinical Profile and Injury Pattern of Adult Trauma Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  2. Association of Shock Index with Injury Severity among Adult Trauma Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  3. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Blunt and Penetrating Trauma Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  4. Prevalence and Pattern of Road Traffic Injuries among Adult Trauma Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Association of Helmet Use with Head Injury Severity among Two-Wheeler Riders Presenting after Road Traffic Accidents: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  6. Comparison of Injury Patterns between Helmeted and Non-Helmeted Two-Wheeler Riders: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  7. Prevalence of Alcohol Use among Adult Road Traffic Injury Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  8. Association of Alcohol Use with Injury Severity among Adults Presenting after Road Traffic Accidents: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  9. Comparison of Injury Patterns between Drivers and Pillion Riders Involved in Two-Wheeler Accidents: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  10. Clinical Profile of Pedestrians Injured in Road Traffic Accidents Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  11. Association of Age with Injury Severity among Pedestrians Involved in Road Traffic Accidents: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  12. Comparison of Injury Patterns between Pedestrian and Vehicle-Occupant Road Traffic Accident Victims: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  13. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Traumatic Brain Injury to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  14. Association of Initial Glasgow Coma Scale Score with Computed Tomography Abnormalities among Adults with Head Injury: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  15. Comparison of Computed Tomography Findings between Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  16. Prevalence of Intracranial Haemorrhage among Adults Presenting with Mild Head Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study
  17. Association of Vomiting with Computed Tomography Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Mild Head Injury: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  18. Comparison of Head Injury Patterns between Older and Younger Adults Presenting after Falls: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  19. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Maxillofacial Trauma to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  20. Association of Mechanism of Injury with Maxillofacial Fracture Pattern among Adult Trauma Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  21. Comparison of Maxillofacial Injury Patterns between Road Traffic Accidents and Assaults: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  22. Prevalence of Cervical Spine Injury among Adults Presenting with Significant Blunt Trauma: A Cross-Sectional Study
  23. Association of Neurological Deficit with Cervical Spine Imaging Abnormalities among Adult Trauma Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  24. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Cervical Spine Injury and Non-Spinal Neck Trauma: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  25. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Blunt Chest Trauma to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  26. Association of Rib Fracture Burden with Respiratory Compromise among Adults with Blunt Chest Trauma: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  27. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Isolated and Multisystem Chest Trauma: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  28. Prevalence of Pneumothorax among Adults Presenting with Blunt Chest Trauma: A Cross-Sectional Study
  29. Association of Subcutaneous Emphysema with Intrathoracic Injury among Adult Trauma Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  30. Comparison of Clinical Features between Hemothorax and Pneumothorax following Blunt Thoracic Trauma: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  31. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Blunt Abdominal Trauma to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  32. Association of Abdominal Examination Findings with Computed Tomography Abnormalities among Adults with Blunt Abdominal Trauma: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  33. Comparison of Solid Organ Injury Patterns between Road Traffic Accidents and Falls from Height: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  34. Prevalence of Intra-Abdominal Injury among Haemodynamically Stable Adults with Blunt Abdominal Trauma: A Cross-Sectional Study
  35. Association of Focused Abdominal Sonography Findings with Haemodynamic Instability among Adult Trauma Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  36. Comparison of Focused Abdominal Sonography Findings with Computed Tomography Findings in Blunt Abdominal Trauma: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  37. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Pelvic Trauma to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  38. Association of Pelvic Fracture Pattern with Haemodynamic Instability among Adult Trauma Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  39. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Isolated Pelvic Trauma and Polytrauma with Pelvic Injury: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  40. Prevalence of Long-Bone Fractures among Adult Road Traffic Accident Victims Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  41. Association of Open Fractures with Mechanism of Injury among Adult Trauma Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  42. Comparison of Injury Patterns between Falls from Standing Height and Falls from Height among Adults: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  43. Clinical Profile of Older Adults Presenting after Falls to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  44. Association of Polypharmacy with Fall-Related Injury among Older Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  45. Comparison of Injury Patterns between Older Adults with and without Frailty Presenting after Falls: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  46. Prevalence of Occupational Injuries among Adults Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  47. Association of Workplace Mechanism with Injury Severity among Adults Presenting with Occupational Trauma: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  48. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Workplace and Non-Workplace Trauma Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  49. Clinical Profile of Assault-Related Injuries among Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  50. Association of Mechanism of Assault with Anatomical Injury Pattern among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Toxicology and Poisoning

  1. Clinical and Aetiological Profile of Acute Poisoning among Adults Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  2. Association of Glasgow Coma Scale Score with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Acute Poisoning: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  3. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Intentional and Accidental Poisoning Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  4. Prevalence and Pattern of Pesticide Poisoning among Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Association of Cholinergic Clinical Features with Severity of Organophosphate Poisoning among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  6. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Organophosphate and Carbamate Poisoning: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  7. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Organophosphate Poisoning to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  8. Association of Serum Cholinesterase Levels with Clinical Severity among Adults with Organophosphate Poisoning: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  9. Comparison of Electrocardiographic Findings between Mild and Severe Organophosphate Poisoning: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  10. Prevalence of Electrocardiographic Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Acute Pesticide Poisoning: A Cross-Sectional Study
  11. Association of Corrected QT Interval with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Acute Poisoning: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  12. Comparison of Electrolyte Abnormalities between Pesticide and Non-Pesticide Poisoning Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  13. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  14. Association of Metabolic Acidosis with Clinical Severity among Adults with Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  15. Comparison of Haemodynamic Parameters between Patients with Aluminum Phosphide and Organophosphate Poisoning: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  16. Prevalence of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning: A Cross-Sectional Study
  17. Association of Blood Lactate Concentration with Haemodynamic Instability among Adults with Acute Pesticide Poisoning: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  18. Comparison of Clinical Features between Poisoning Patients with and without Metabolic Acidosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  19. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Rodenticide Poisoning to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  20. Association of Coagulation Abnormalities with Clinical Manifestations among Adults Presenting with Anticoagulant Rodenticide Poisoning: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  21. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Zinc Phosphide and Anticoagulant Rodenticide Poisoning: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  22. Prevalence of Hepatic Dysfunction among Adults Presenting with Rodenticide Poisoning: A Cross-Sectional Study
  23. Association of Liver Enzyme Elevation with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Toxic Ingestion: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  24. Comparison of Laboratory Abnormalities between Pesticide and Rodenticide Poisoning Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  25. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Corrosive Ingestion to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  26. Association of Oropharyngeal Findings with Gastrointestinal Symptoms among Adults Presenting with Corrosive Ingestion: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  27. Comparison of Clinical Presentations between Acid and Alkali Corrosive Ingestion: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  28. Prevalence of Airway Symptoms among Adults Presenting with Acute Corrosive Ingestion: A Cross-Sectional Study
  29. Association of Drooling and Dysphagia with Clinical Severity among Adults with Corrosive Ingestion: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  30. Comparison of Clinical Features between Intentional and Accidental Corrosive Ingestion: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  31. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Pharmaceutical Drug Overdose to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  32. Association of Number of Ingested Medications with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Drug Overdose: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  33. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Single-Drug and Multiple-Drug Overdose Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  34. Prevalence of Altered Sensorium among Adults Presenting with Pharmaceutical Drug Overdose: A Cross-Sectional Study
  35. Association of Electrocardiographic Abnormalities with Drug Class among Adults Presenting with Medication Overdose: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  36. Comparison of Clinical Features between Sedative and Non-Sedative Drug Overdose Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  37. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Paracetamol Overdose to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  38. Association of Reported Ingested Dose with Initial Liver Function Parameters among Adults with Paracetamol Overdose: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  39. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Isolated Paracetamol Overdose and Mixed-Drug Ingestion: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  40. Prevalence of Alcohol Co-Ingestion among Adults Presenting with Intentional Drug Overdose: A Cross-Sectional Study
  41. Association of Alcohol Co-Ingestion with Level of Consciousness among Adults Presenting with Acute Poisoning: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  42. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Alcohol-Associated and Non-Alcohol-Associated Poisoning Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  43. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Alcohol Intoxication to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  44. Association of Blood Glucose Abnormalities with Level of Consciousness among Adults with Acute Alcohol Intoxication: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  45. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Acute Alcohol Intoxication and Alcohol Withdrawal Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  46. Prevalence of Trauma among Adults Presenting with Acute Alcohol Intoxication: A Cross-Sectional Study
  47. Association of Alcohol Intoxication with Head Injury among Adult Trauma Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  48. Comparison of Injury Patterns between Alcohol-Positive and Alcohol-Negative Adult Trauma Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  49. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Unknown Substance Poisoning to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  50. Association of Toxidrome-Based Clinical Classification with Laboratory Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Unknown Poisoning: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Sepsis and Infectious Emergencies

  1. Clinical Profile and Source Distribution of Sepsis among Adults Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  2. Association of Initial Lactate Concentration with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Sepsis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  3. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Sepsis of Respiratory and Urinary Origin: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  4. Prevalence of Septic Shock among Adults Presenting with Suspected Infection to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Association of Shock Index with Haemodynamic Instability among Adults Presenting with Sepsis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  6. Comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics between Sepsis and Non-Septic Infection Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  7. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Septic Shock to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  8. Association of Capillary Refill Time with Lactate Elevation among Adults Presenting with Septic Shock: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  9. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Patients with Sepsis With and Without Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  10. Prevalence of Acute Kidney Injury among Adults Presenting with Sepsis to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  11. Association of Renal Dysfunction with Haemodynamic Instability among Adults Presenting with Sepsis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  12. Comparison of Laboratory Abnormalities between Sepsis Patients with and without Acute Kidney Injury: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  13. Prevalence of Thrombocytopenia among Adults Presenting with Sepsis to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  14. Association of Platelet Count with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Sepsis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  15. Comparison of Haematological Parameters between Bacterial and Viral Febrile Illness Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  16. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Undifferentiated Fever to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  17. Association of Fever Duration with Laboratory Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Acute Febrile Illness: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  18. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Patients with Confirmed and Undifferentiated Acute Febrile Illness: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  19. Prevalence of Dengue Infection among Adults Presenting with Acute Febrile Illness during Seasonal Peaks: A Cross-Sectional Study
  20. Association of Platelet Count with Bleeding Manifestations among Adults Presenting with Dengue Infection: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  21. Comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics between Dengue Patients with and without Warning Signs: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  22. Prevalence of Hepatic Enzyme Elevation among Adults Presenting with Dengue Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study
  23. Association of Haematocrit Elevation with Clinical Warning Signs among Adults Presenting with Dengue: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  24. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Dengue and Non-Dengue Acute Febrile Illness: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  25. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Malaria to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  26. Association of Parasitemia with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Malaria: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  27. Comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics between Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Malaria Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  28. Prevalence of Thrombocytopenia among Adults Presenting with Malaria to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  29. Association of Anaemia with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Malaria: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  30. Comparison of Renal and Hepatic Laboratory Abnormalities between Malaria and Dengue Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  31. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Leptospirosis to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  32. Association of Renal Dysfunction with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Leptospirosis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  33. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Leptospirosis and Dengue Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  34. Prevalence of Jaundice among Adults Presenting with Leptospirosis to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  35. Association of Thrombocytopenia with Bleeding Manifestations among Adults Presenting with Leptospirosis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  36. Comparison of Laboratory Profiles between Leptospirosis and Acute Viral Hepatitis Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  37. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Scrub Typhus to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  38. Association of Eschar Presence with Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations among Adults with Scrub Typhus: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  39. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Scrub Typhus and Other Acute Febrile Illness Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  40. Prevalence of Thrombocytopenia among Adults Presenting with Scrub Typhus to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  41. Association of Liver Enzyme Abnormalities with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Scrub Typhus: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  42. Comparison of Renal Dysfunction among Patients with Scrub Typhus, Dengue, and Malaria: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  43. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Suspected Central Nervous System Infection to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  44. Association of Neck Stiffness with Cerebrospinal Fluid Abnormalities among Adults Evaluated for Meningitis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  45. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Meningitis and Encephalitis Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  46. Prevalence of Altered Sensorium among Adults Presenting with Severe Acute Infection to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  47. Association of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Suspected Sepsis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  48. Comparison of Inflammatory Marker Profiles between Localised Infection and Sepsis Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  49. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  50. Association of Diabetes Mellitus with Severity of Skin and Soft Tissue Infection among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Metabolic and Endocrine Emergencies

  1. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Diabetic Ketoacidosis to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  2. Association of Admission Blood Glucose with Metabolic Acidosis Severity among Adults Presenting with Diabetic Ketoacidosis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  3. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Newly Diagnosed and Previously Known Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Presenting with Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  4. Prevalence of Electrolyte Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Association of Serum Potassium Concentration with Electrocardiographic Changes among Adults with Diabetic Ketoacidosis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  6. Comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics between Mild and Severe Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  7. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  8. Association of Serum Osmolality with Level of Consciousness among Adults with Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  9. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  10. Prevalence of Acute Kidney Injury among Adults Presenting with Hyperglycemic Emergencies: A Cross-Sectional Study
  11. Association of Dehydration Signs with Renal Dysfunction among Adults Presenting with Hyperglycemic Emergencies: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  12. Comparison of Electrolyte Profiles between Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  13. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Hypoglycaemia to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  14. Association of Antidiabetic Medication Use with Severity of Hypoglycaemia among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  15. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Sulfonylurea-Associated and Insulin-Associated Hypoglycaemia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  16. Prevalence of Neurological Manifestations among Adults Presenting with Hypoglycaemia: A Cross-Sectional Study
  17. Association of Blood Glucose Concentration with Glasgow Coma Scale Score among Adults Presenting with Hypoglycaemia: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  18. Comparison of Hypoglycaemia Presentations among Older and Younger Adults with Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  19. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Severe Hyperglycaemia without Ketoacidosis to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  20. Association of Infection with Severe Hyperglycaemia among Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  21. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Hyperglycemic Emergency Patients with and without Concurrent Infection: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  22. Prevalence of Previously Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus among Adults Presenting with Marked Hyperglycaemia to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  23. Association of Random Blood Glucose with Acute Illness Severity among Non-Diabetic Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  24. Comparison of Stress Hyperglycaemia between Critically Ill and Non-Critically Ill Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  25. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Thyrotoxic Manifestations to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  26. Association of Heart Rate with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Thyrotoxicosis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  27. Comparison of Clinical Features between Thyrotoxicosis with and without Atrial Fibrillation: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  28. Prevalence of Electrocardiographic Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Thyroid-Related Emergencies: A Cross-Sectional Study
  29. Association of Thyroid Hormone Abnormalities with Cardiovascular Manifestations among Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  30. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Hyperthyroid and Hypothyroid Emergency Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  31. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Suspected Adrenal Crisis to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  32. Association of Hyponatraemia with Hypotension among Adults Evaluated for Adrenal Insufficiency: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  33. Comparison of Clinical and Electrolyte Characteristics between Adrenal Insufficiency and Other Causes of Hypotension: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  34. Prevalence of Metabolic Acidosis among Adults Presenting with Undifferentiated Critical Illness: A Cross-Sectional Study
  35. Association of Anion Gap with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Metabolic Acidosis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  36. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between High Anion Gap and Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  37. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Lactic Acidosis to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  38. Association of Lactate Concentration with Haemodynamic Parameters among Adults Presenting with Acute Critical Illness: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  39. Comparison of Lactate Levels between Septic and Non-Septic Critically Ill Adults in the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  40. Prevalence of Vitamin B12 Deficiency among Adults Presenting with Macrocytic Anaemia and Neurological Symptoms to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  41. Association of Haemoglobin Concentration with Tachycardia among Adults Presenting with Symptomatic Anaemia: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  42. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Acute and Chronic Symptomatic Anaemia Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  43. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Severe Dehydration to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  44. Association of Clinical Dehydration Signs with Serum Urea-to-Creatinine Ratio among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  45. Comparison of Electrolyte Abnormalities between Gastrointestinal and Non-Gastrointestinal Causes of Dehydration: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  46. Prevalence of Ketosis among Non-Diabetic Adults Presenting with Acute Illness to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  47. Association of Starvation History with Ketosis among Non-Diabetic Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  48. Comparison of Acid-Base Profiles between Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Ketosis Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  49. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Unexplained Hypothermia or Hyperthermia to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  50. Association of Body Temperature Extremes with Metabolic and Electrolyte Abnormalities among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Renal and Electrolyte Emergencies

  1. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Kidney Injury to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  2. Association of Serum Creatinine Concentration with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Acute Kidney Injury: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  3. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Pre-Renal and Intrinsic Acute Kidney Injury Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  4. Prevalence of Acute Kidney Injury among Adults Presenting with Medical Emergencies to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Association of Hypotension with Acute Kidney Injury among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  6. Comparison of Acute Kidney Injury Patterns among Patients with Sepsis and Non-Septic Acute Illness: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  7. Clinical Profile of Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  8. Association of Chronic Kidney Disease Stage with Electrolyte Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Acute Illness: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  9. Comparison of Emergency Presentations among Patients Receiving and Not Receiving Maintenance Haemodialysis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  10. Prevalence of Hyperkalaemia among Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  11. Association of Serum Potassium Concentration with Electrocardiographic Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Hyperkalaemia: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  12. Comparison of Electrocardiographic Findings between Moderate and Severe Hyperkalaemia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  13. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Hyponatraemia to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  14. Association of Serum Sodium Concentration with Neurological Manifestations among Adults Presenting with Hyponatraemia: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  15. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Acute Symptomatic and Incidentally Detected Hyponatraemia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  16. Prevalence of Hyponatraemia among Older Adults Presenting with Acute Medical Illness to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  17. Association of Diuretic Use with Hyponatraemia among Older Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  18. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Hyponatraemia among Patients with and without Heart Failure: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  19. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Hypernatraemia to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  20. Association of Serum Sodium Concentration with Level of Consciousness among Adults Presenting with Hypernatraemia: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  21. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Hypernatraemia Associated with Dehydration and Other Causes: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  22. Prevalence of Hypokalaemia among Adults Presenting with Acute Medical Emergencies: A Cross-Sectional Study
  23. Association of Serum Potassium Concentration with Muscle Weakness among Adults Presenting with Hypokalaemia: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  24. Comparison of Electrocardiographic Abnormalities between Patients with Hypokalaemia and Normokalemia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  25. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Hypocalcaemia to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  26. Association of Serum Calcium Concentration with Neuromuscular Manifestations among Adults Presenting with Hypocalcaemia: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  27. Comparison of Clinical Features between Hypocalcaemia and Hypercalcaemia Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  28. Prevalence of Calcium Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Seizures to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  29. Association of Serum Magnesium Abnormalities with Cardiac Arrhythmias among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  30. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Hypomagnesaemia and Normomagnesemia among Critically Ill Emergency Department Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  31. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Severe Metabolic Acidosis to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  32. Association of Serum Bicarbonate Concentration with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Acute Kidney Injury: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  33. Comparison of Acid-Base Abnormalities between Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  34. Prevalence of Mixed Acid-Base Disorders among Critically Ill Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  35. Association of Anion Gap with Lactate Elevation among Adults Presenting with Critical Illness: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  36. Comparison of Venous and Arterial Acid-Base Parameters among Selected Critically Ill Emergency Department Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  37. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Uremic Manifestations to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  38. Association of Blood Urea Concentration with Neurological Manifestations among Adults Presenting with Severe Renal Dysfunction: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  39. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Uremic and Non-Uremic Altered Sensorium in Patients with Renal Dysfunction: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  40. Prevalence of Volume Overload among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  41. Association of Peripheral Oedema with Radiographic Pulmonary Congestion among Adults with Renal Dysfunction: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  42. Comparison of Respiratory Manifestations between Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with and without Volume Overload: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  43. Clinical Profile of Patients Presenting with Dialysis-Related Emergencies to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  44. Association of Missed Haemodialysis Sessions with Hyperkalaemia and Volume Overload among Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  45. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Patients Presenting after Missed Dialysis and Those Attending Regular Dialysis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  46. Prevalence of Electrolyte Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Acute Gastroenteritis to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  47. Association of Diarrhoea Duration with Serum Potassium Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Acute Gastroenteritis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  48. Comparison of Renal Function Parameters between Patients with Mild and Severe Clinical Dehydration: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  49. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Oliguria to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  50. Association of Bedside Volume Status Findings with Renal Function Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Oliguria: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Emergencies

  1. Clinical and Aetiological Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Abdominal Pain to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  2. Association of Abdominal Examination Findings with Significant Imaging Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Acute Abdominal Pain: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  3. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Surgical and Non-Surgical Causes of Acute Abdominal Pain: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  4. Prevalence of Acute Appendicitis among Adults Presenting with Right Lower Abdominal Pain to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Association of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Imaging Findings among Adults Suspected of Acute Appendicitis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  6. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Uncomplicated and Complicated Acute Appendicitis Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  7. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  8. Association of Initial Haemoglobin Concentration with Haemodynamic Instability among Adults Presenting with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  9. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Variceal and Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  10. Prevalence of Shock at Presentation among Adults with Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Cross-Sectional Study
  11. Association of Shock Index with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  12. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Patients with Hematemesis and Melena Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  13. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  14. Association of Antiplatelet or Anticoagulant Use with Severity of Gastrointestinal Bleeding among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  15. Comparison of Clinical Features between Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  16. Prevalence of Anaemia among Adults Presenting with Gastrointestinal Bleeding to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  17. Association of Blood Urea-to-Creatinine Ratio with Upper Gastrointestinal Source among Adults Presenting with Gastrointestinal Bleeding: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  18. Comparison of Laboratory Profiles between Variceal and Non-Variceal Bleeding Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  19. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Pancreatitis to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  20. Association of Admission Blood Glucose with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Acute Pancreatitis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  21. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Alcohol-Related and Gallstone-Related Acute Pancreatitis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  22. Prevalence of Electrolyte Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Acute Pancreatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
  23. Association of Serum Calcium Concentration with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Acute Pancreatitis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  24. Comparison of Inflammatory Marker Profiles between Mild and Severe Acute Pancreatitis Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  25. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Cholecystitis to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  26. Association of Gallbladder Ultrasonography Findings with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Acute Cholecystitis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  27. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Acute Cholecystitis and Biliary Colic Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  28. Prevalence of Gallstone Disease among Adults Presenting with Right Upper Abdominal Pain to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  29. Association of Liver Function Abnormalities with Common Bile Duct Dilatation among Adults Presenting with Biliary Symptoms: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  30. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Gallstone-Related Pancreatitis and Uncomplicated Gallstone Disease: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  31. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Intestinal Obstruction to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  32. Association of Abdominal Distension and Vomiting with Radiological Features among Adults with Suspected Intestinal Obstruction: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  33. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Small-Bowel and Large-Bowel Obstruction Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  34. Prevalence of Electrolyte Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Intestinal Obstruction: A Cross-Sectional Study
  35. Association of Serum Lactate Concentration with Clinical Signs of Bowel Ischaemia among Adults Presenting with Intestinal Obstruction: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  36. Comparison of Clinical Profiles between Mechanical and Functional Intestinal Obstruction: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  37. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Liver Failure Features to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  38. Association of International Normalized Ratio with Level of Consciousness among Adults Presenting with Acute Liver Dysfunction: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  39. Comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Features between Acute and Chronic Liver Dysfunction Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  40. Prevalence of Hepatic Encephalopathy among Adults with Chronic Liver Disease Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  41. Association of Serum Sodium Concentration with Severity of Hepatic Encephalopathy among Adults with Chronic Liver Disease: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  42. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Chronic Liver Disease Patients with and without Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  43. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Suspected in Chronic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
  44. Association of Ascitic Fluid Cell Count with Systemic Inflammatory Features among Adults with Suspected Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  45. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Infected and Non-Infected Ascites Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  46. Prevalence of Acute Kidney Injury among Adults with Decompensated Chronic Liver Disease Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  47. Association of Ascites Severity with Respiratory Symptoms among Adults Presenting with Chronic Liver Disease: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  48. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Alcohol-Related and Non-Alcohol-Related Chronic Liver Disease Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  49. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Gastroenteritis to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  50. Association of Clinical Dehydration Severity with Electrolyte and Renal Function Abnormalities among Adults with Acute Gastroenteritis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Haematological and Oncological Emergencies

  1. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Severe Anaemia to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  2. Association of Haemoglobin Concentration with Haemodynamic Symptoms among Adults Presenting with Anaemia: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  3. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Microcytic and Macrocytic Anaemia Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  4. Prevalence of Severe Anaemia among Adult Medical Emergency Department Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Association of Tachycardia with Haemoglobin Concentration among Adults Presenting with Symptomatic Anaemia: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  6. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Acute Blood Loss Anaemia and Chronic Anaemia Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  7. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Thrombocytopenia to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  8. Association of Platelet Count with Bleeding Manifestations among Adults Presenting with Thrombocytopenia: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  9. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Infectious and Non-Infectious Thrombocytopenia Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  10. Prevalence of Severe Thrombocytopenia among Adults Presenting with Acute Febrile Illness: A Cross-Sectional Study
  11. Association of Thrombocytopenia with Mucosal Bleeding among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  12. Comparison of Haematological Profiles between Dengue-Associated and Non-Dengue Thrombocytopenia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  13. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Pancytopenia to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  14. Association of Pancytopenia Severity with Clinical Manifestations among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  15. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Nutritional and Non-Nutritional Pancytopenia Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  16. Prevalence of Leukocytosis among Adults Presenting with Acute Medical Emergencies: A Cross-Sectional Study
  17. Association of Total Leucocyte Count with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Suspected Infection: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  18. Comparison of Leucocyte Profiles between Bacterial and Viral Febrile Illness Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  19. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Neutropenic Fever to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  20. Association of Absolute Neutrophil Count with Clinical Signs of Infection among Adults Presenting with Neutropenic Fever: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  21. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Neutropenic and Non-Neutropenic Febrile Oncology Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  22. Prevalence of Sepsis among Adults with Cancer Presenting with Fever to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  23. Association of Recent Chemotherapy with Neutropenia among Cancer Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  24. Comparison of Emergency Presentations between Patients with Haematological and Solid Organ Malignancies: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  25. Clinical Profile of Cancer Patients Presenting with Acute Dyspnoea to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  26. Association of Malignancy Type with Aetiology of Acute Dyspnoea among Cancer Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  27. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Infectious and Non-Infectious Dyspnoea among Cancer Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  28. Prevalence of Pleural Effusion among Cancer Patients Presenting with Acute Respiratory Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study
  29. Association of Anaemia with Dyspnoea Severity among Cancer Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  30. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Cancer Patients with and without Pleural Effusion: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  31. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Sickle Cell Pain Crisis to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  32. Association of Haemoglobin Concentration with Pain Severity among Adults Presenting with Sickle Cell Crisis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  33. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Vaso-Occlusive and Non-Vaso-Occlusive Sickle Cell Emergency Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  34. Prevalence of Fever among Adults Presenting with Sickle Cell Crisis to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  35. Association of Leukocytosis with Fever among Adults Presenting with Sickle Cell Crisis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  36. Comparison of Haematological Parameters between Sickle Cell Patients with and without Suspected Infection: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  37. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Bleeding while Receiving Anticoagulant Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study
  38. Association of Coagulation Parameters with Bleeding Severity among Adults Receiving Anticoagulant Therapy: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  39. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Gastrointestinal and Intracranial Bleeding among Anticoagulated Adults: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  40. Prevalence of Supratherapeutic Anticoagulation among Adults Presenting with Bleeding to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  41. Association of Concomitant Antiplatelet Use with Bleeding Manifestations among Anticoagulated Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  42. Comparison of Bleeding Patterns between Adults Receiving Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  43. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Suspected Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  44. Association of Platelet Count with Coagulation Abnormalities among Adults with Suspected Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  45. Comparison of Coagulation Profiles between Septic and Non-Septic Critically Ill Adults: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  46. Prevalence of Coagulopathy among Adults Presenting with Severe Sepsis to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  47. Association of International Normalized Ratio with Bleeding Manifestations among Adults with Acute Liver Dysfunction: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  48. Comparison of Coagulation Abnormalities between Acute Liver Failure and Chronic Liver Disease Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  49. Clinical Profile of Oncology Patients Presenting with Acute Pain to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  50. Association of Metastatic Disease Burden with Pain Severity among Cancer Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Geriatric Emergencies

  1. Clinical Profile and Spectrum of Emergency Presentations among Adults Aged Sixty Years and Older Attending a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  2. Association of Frailty with High-Acuity Triage Classification among Older Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  3. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Frail and Non-Frail Older Adults Presenting with Acute Medical Illness: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  4. Prevalence of Frailty among Older Adults Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Association of Polypharmacy with Frailty among Older Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  6. Comparison of Emergency Presentations between Older Adults with and without Polypharmacy: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  7. Prevalence of Delirium among Older Adults Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  8. Association of Infection with Delirium among Older Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  9. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Older Adults with and without Delirium at Emergency Department Presentation: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  10. Prevalence of Electrolyte Abnormalities among Older Adults Presenting with Acute Confusion: A Cross-Sectional Study
  11. Association of Hyponatraemia with Delirium among Older Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  12. Comparison of Laboratory Profiles between Older Adults with and without Acute Confusional State: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  13. Clinical Profile of Older Adults Presenting after Falls to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  14. Association of Polypharmacy with Fall-Related Emergency Presentations among Older Adults: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  15. Comparison of Injury Patterns between Frail and Non-Frail Older Adults Presenting after Falls: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  16. Prevalence of Head Injury among Older Adults Presenting after Falls to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  17. Association of Anticoagulant Use with Intracranial Haemorrhage among Older Adults Presenting after Head Injury: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  18. Comparison of Computed Tomography Findings between Anticoagulated and Non-Anticoagulated Older Adults with Head Injury: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  19. Clinical Profile of Older Adults Presenting with Acute Dyspnoea to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  20. Association of Multimorbidity with Clinical Severity among Older Adults Presenting with Acute Dyspnoea: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  21. Comparison of Aetiological Patterns of Acute Dyspnoea between Older and Younger Adult Emergency Department Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  22. Prevalence of Heart Failure among Older Adults Presenting with Acute Dyspnoea: A Cross-Sectional Study
  23. Association of Renal Dysfunction with Acute Heart Failure among Older Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  24. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Cardiac and Respiratory Causes of Dyspnoea in Older Adults: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  25. Clinical Profile of Older Adults Presenting with Acute Chest Pain to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  26. Association of Diabetes Mellitus with Atypical Acute Coronary Syndrome Presentation among Older Adults: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  27. Comparison of Acute Coronary Syndrome Presentation between Older Men and Older Women: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  28. Prevalence of Atypical Symptoms among Older Adults Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
  29. Association of Cognitive Impairment with Atypical Symptom Reporting among Older Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  30. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Typical and Atypical Acute Coronary Syndrome Presentations in Older Adults: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  31. Clinical Profile of Older Adults Presenting with Acute Infection to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  32. Association of Absence of Fever with Clinical Severity among Older Adults Presenting with Infection: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  33. Comparison of Infection Presentations between Older Adults with and without Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  34. Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection among Older Adults Presenting with Acute Confusion: A Cross-Sectional Study
  35. Association of Urinary Symptoms with Laboratory Evidence of Urinary Infection among Older Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  36. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Symptomatic and Atypical Urinary Tract Infection Presentations in Older Adults: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  37. Clinical Profile of Older Adults Presenting with Dehydration to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  38. Association of Functional Dependency with Dehydration among Older Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  39. Comparison of Renal and Electrolyte Abnormalities between Dehydrated and Non-Dehydrated Older Adults: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  40. Prevalence of Acute Kidney Injury among Older Adults Presenting with Acute Medical Illness: A Cross-Sectional Study
  41. Association of Polypharmacy with Acute Kidney Injury among Older Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  42. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Older Adults with and without Acute Kidney Injury at Presentation: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  43. Clinical Profile of Older Adults Presenting with Syncope to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  44. Association of Orthostatic Hypotension with Polypharmacy among Older Adults Presenting with Syncope: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  45. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Cardiac and Non-Cardiac Syncope among Older Adults: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  46. Prevalence of Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use among Older Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  47. Association of Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use with Falls among Older Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  48. Comparison of Emergency Presentations between Older Adults with and without Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  49. Clinical Profile of Older Adults Presenting with Functional Decline as a Major Complaint to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  50. Association of Frailty, Cognitive Status, and Polypharmacy with High-Acuity Presentation among Older Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Paediatric Emergencies

  1. Clinical Profile of Children Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department with Acute Medical Illness: A Cross-Sectional Study
  2. Association of Initial Vital Sign Abnormalities with High-Acuity Triage Classification among Paediatric Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  3. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Infants and Older Children Presenting with Acute Medical Emergencies: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  4. Prevalence of Respiratory Emergencies among Children Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Association of Respiratory Rate with Hypoxaemia among Children Presenting with Acute Respiratory Illness: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  6. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Bronchiolitis and Childhood Pneumonia Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  7. Clinical Profile of Children Presenting with Acute Severe Asthma to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  8. Association of Accessory Muscle Use with Hypoxaemia among Children Presenting with Acute Asthma: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  9. Comparison of Clinical Features between First-Episode Wheezing and Known Childhood Asthma Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  10. Prevalence of Hypoxaemia among Children Presenting with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study
  11. Association of Chest Indrawing with Radiographic Pneumonia among Children Presenting with Acute Respiratory Symptoms: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  12. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Hypoxaemic and Non-Hypoxaemic Childhood Pneumonia Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  13. Clinical Profile of Children Presenting with Acute Gastroenteritis to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  14. Association of Clinical Dehydration Signs with Electrolyte Abnormalities among Children with Acute Gastroenteritis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  15. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Mild and Severe Dehydration in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  16. Prevalence of Electrolyte Abnormalities among Children Presenting with Acute Gastroenteritis: A Cross-Sectional Study
  17. Association of Diarrhoea Frequency with Dehydration Severity among Paediatric Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  18. Comparison of Electrolyte Profiles between Children with and without Severe Clinical Dehydration: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  19. Clinical Profile of Children Presenting with Febrile Seizures to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  20. Association of Peak Recorded Temperature with Characteristics of Febrile Seizures among Children: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  21. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Simple and Complex Febrile Seizures: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  22. Prevalence of Electrolyte Abnormalities among Children Presenting with First-Episode Seizure: A Cross-Sectional Study
  23. Association of Blood Glucose Abnormalities with Altered Sensorium among Children Presenting with Seizures: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  24. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Provoked and Unprovoked Seizures in Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  25. Clinical Profile of Children Presenting with Acute Poisoning to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  26. Association of Age with Type of Poisoning among Paediatric Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  27. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Accidental and Intentional Poisoning among Children and Adolescents: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  28. Prevalence and Pattern of Household Substance Poisoning among Children Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  29. Association of Storage Practices with Type of Accidental Poisoning among Children Presenting to the Emergency Department: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  30. Comparison of Clinical Features between Hydrocarbon and Medication Poisoning in Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  31. Clinical Profile of Paediatric Trauma Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  32. Association of Mechanism of Injury with Injury Severity among Paediatric Trauma Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  33. Comparison of Injury Patterns between Road Traffic Accidents and Falls among Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  34. Prevalence of Head Injury among Paediatric Trauma Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  35. Association of Vomiting with Computed Tomography Abnormalities among Children Presenting with Head Injury: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  36. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Mild and Moderate Paediatric Head Injury Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  37. Clinical Profile of Children Presenting with Burns to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  38. Association of Burn Mechanism with Total Body Surface Area Involvement among Paediatric Burn Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  39. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Scald and Flame Burns among Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  40. Prevalence of Accidental Burns among Children Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  41. Association of Age and Home Environment with Burn Mechanism among Paediatric Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  42. Comparison of Burn Patterns between Preschool and School-Aged Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  43. Clinical Profile of Children Presenting with Acute Febrile Illness to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  44. Association of Clinical Warning Signs with Thrombocytopenia among Children Presenting with Acute Febrile Illness: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  45. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Dengue and Non-Dengue Febrile Illness in Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  46. Prevalence of Anaemia among Children Presenting with Acute Medical Emergencies: A Cross-Sectional Study
  47. Association of Nutritional Status with Clinical Severity among Children Presenting with Acute Infection: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  48. Comparison of Emergency Presentations between Children with and without Undernutrition: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  49. Clinical Profile of Children Presenting with Altered Sensorium to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  50. Association of Metabolic Abnormalities with Altered Sensorium among Paediatric Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Obstetric and Gynecological Emergencies

  1. Clinical Profile of Pregnant Women Presenting with Acute Obstetric Emergencies to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  2. Association of Initial Shock Index with Haemodynamic Instability among Women Presenting with Obstetric Haemorrhage: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  3. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Antepartum and Postpartum Haemorrhage Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  4. Prevalence of Anaemia among Pregnant Women Presenting with Acute Obstetric Emergencies: A Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Association of Haemoglobin Concentration with Tachycardia among Women Presenting with Obstetric Haemorrhage: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  6. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Women with Mild and Severe Anaemia presenting with Obstetric Emergencies: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  7. Clinical Profile of Women Presenting with First-Trimester Bleeding to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  8. Association of Abdominal Pain with Ultrasonographic Abnormalities among Women Presenting with First-Trimester Bleeding: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  9. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Viable and Non-Viable Early Pregnancy Presentations with Vaginal Bleeding: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  10. Prevalence of Ectopic Pregnancy among Women Presenting with First-Trimester Pain and Bleeding: A Cross-Sectional Study
  11. Association of Shock Index with Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy among Women Presenting to the Emergency Department: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  12. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Ruptured and Unruptured Ectopic Pregnancy Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  13. Clinical Profile of Pregnant Women Presenting with Hypertensive Emergencies to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  14. Association of Blood Pressure Severity with Neurological Symptoms among Pregnant Women Presenting with Hypertensive Disorders: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  15. Comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics between Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  16. Prevalence of Thrombocytopenia among Pregnant Women Presenting with Severe Hypertensive Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study
  17. Association of Platelet Count with Clinical Severity among Pregnant Women Presenting with Pre-eclampsia: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  18. Comparison of Laboratory Profiles between Pre-eclampsia with and without Severe Features: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  19. Clinical Profile of Women Presenting with Eclampsia to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  20. Association of Blood Pressure and Neurological Findings with Clinical Severity among Women Presenting with Eclampsia: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  21. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Antepartum and Postpartum Eclampsia Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  22. Prevalence of Electrolyte Abnormalities among Women Presenting with Eclampsia: A Cross-Sectional Study
  23. Association of Serum Uric Acid with Laboratory Severity Parameters among Women Presenting with Pre-eclampsia: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  24. Comparison of Renal Function Parameters between Women with Pre-eclampsia and Normotensive Pregnant Women Presenting with Acute Complaints: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  25. Clinical Profile of Pregnant Women Presenting with Acute Dyspnoea to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  26. Association of Peripheral Oxygen Saturation with Clinical Severity among Pregnant Women Presenting with Acute Dyspnoea: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  27. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Cardiac and Respiratory Causes of Dyspnoea during Pregnancy: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  28. Prevalence of Pulmonary Oedema among Pregnant Women Presenting with Severe Hypertension and Dyspnoea: A Cross-Sectional Study
  29. Association of Hypertension with Pulmonary Oedema among Pregnant Women Presenting to the Emergency Department: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  30. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Pregnancy-Related and Non-Pregnancy-Related Acute Dyspnoea Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  31. Clinical Profile of Women Presenting with Postpartum Emergencies to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  32. Association of Mode of Delivery with Type of Postpartum Emergency Presentation: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  33. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Women Presenting with Postpartum Infection and Postpartum Haemorrhage: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  34. Prevalence of Sepsis among Women Presenting with Acute Postpartum Complaints to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  35. Association of Fever with Laboratory Evidence of Infection among Women Presenting during the Postpartum Period: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  36. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Postpartum Women with and without Sepsis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  37. Clinical Profile of Women Presenting with Acute Pelvic Pain to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  38. Association of Pelvic Examination Findings with Ultrasonographic Abnormalities among Women Presenting with Acute Pelvic Pain: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  39. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Gynecological and Non-Gynecological Causes of Acute Pelvic Pain: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  40. Prevalence of Ovarian Cyst-Related Emergencies among Women Presenting with Acute Pelvic Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study
  41. Association of Sudden-Onset Pelvic Pain with Ovarian Torsion Findings among Women Evaluated in the Emergency Department: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  42. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Ovarian Torsion and Ruptured Ovarian Cyst Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  43. Clinical Profile of Women Presenting with Acute Heavy Vaginal Bleeding unrelated to Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study
  44. Association of Haemoglobin Concentration with Haemodynamic Symptoms among Women Presenting with Acute Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  45. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Reproductive-Age and Perimenopausal Women Presenting with Acute Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  46. Prevalence of Severe Anaemia among Women Presenting with Acute Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: A Cross-Sectional Study
  47. Association of Menstrual History with Anaemia Severity among Women Presenting with Acute Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  48. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Structural and Non-Structural Causes of Acute Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  49. Clinical Profile of Pregnant Women Presenting with Trauma to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  50. Association of Mechanism of Injury with Maternal Clinical Severity among Pregnant Trauma Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Environmental Emergencies, Envenomation and Bites

  1. Clinical Profile of Snakebite Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department in India: A Cross-Sectional Study
  2. Association of Bite-to-Hospital Time with Clinical Severity among Patients Presenting with Snakebite: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  3. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Neurotoxic and Hemotoxic Snakebite Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  4. Prevalence of Coagulopathy among Patients Presenting with Snakebite to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Association of Local Swelling with Coagulation Abnormalities among Patients Presenting with Snakebite: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  6. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Snakebite Patients with and without Coagulopathy: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  7. Prevalence of Neuroparalytic Features among Patients Presenting with Snakebite: A Cross-Sectional Study
  8. Association of Ptosis with Respiratory Muscle Weakness among Patients Presenting with Neurotoxic Snakebite: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  9. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Patients with Early and Late Neuroparalytic Manifestations of Snakebite: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  10. Prevalence of Acute Kidney Injury among Patients Presenting with Snakebite: A Cross-Sectional Study
  11. Association of Haemolysis and Coagulopathy with Acute Kidney Injury among Patients Presenting with Snakebite: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  12. Comparison of Laboratory Characteristics between Snakebite Patients with and without Acute Kidney Injury: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  13. Clinical Profile of Scorpion Sting Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  14. Association of Autonomic Manifestations with Clinical Severity among Patients Presenting with Scorpion Sting: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  15. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Paediatric and Adult Scorpion Sting Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  16. Prevalence of Cardiovascular Manifestations among Patients Presenting with Scorpion Sting: A Cross-Sectional Study
  17. Association of Tachycardia with Pulmonary Oedema among Patients Presenting with Scorpion Sting: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  18. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Scorpion Sting Patients with and without Cardiopulmonary Manifestations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  19. Clinical Profile of Patients Presenting with Dog Bites to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  20. Association of Age with Anatomical Site of Dog Bite Injuries among Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  21. Comparison of Bite Characteristics between Owned and Stray Dog Exposures: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  22. Prevalence of Category Three Rabies Exposures among Patients Presenting with Dog Bites: A Cross-Sectional Study
  23. Association of Bite Circumstances with Severity of Rabies Exposure among Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  24. Comparison of Dog Bite Patterns between Children and Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  25. Clinical Profile of Patients Presenting with Other Animal Bites to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  26. Association of Animal Species with Injury Pattern among Patients Presenting with Animal Bites: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  27. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Dog Bite and Monkey Bite Exposures: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  28. Prevalence of Delayed Presentation among Patients Seeking Care after Animal Bites: A Cross-Sectional Study
  29. Association of Residence and Referral Status with Delayed Presentation after Animal Bite: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  30. Comparison of Exposure Characteristics between Rural and Urban Animal Bite Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  31. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Heat-Related Illness to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  32. Association of Body Temperature with Neurological Manifestations among Adults Presenting with Heat-Related Illness: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  33. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  34. Prevalence of Electrolyte Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Heat-Related Illness: A Cross-Sectional Study
  35. Association of Occupational Heat Exposure with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Heat-Related Illness: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  36. Comparison of Heat-Related Illness Presentations between Outdoor Workers and Other Adults: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  37. Clinical Profile of Patients Presenting with Accidental Hypothermia to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  38. Association of Core Temperature with Electrocardiographic Abnormalities among Patients Presenting with Hypothermia: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  39. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Mild and Moderate-to-Severe Hypothermia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  40. Prevalence of Electrolyte and Glucose Abnormalities among Patients Presenting with Hypothermia: A Cross-Sectional Study
  41. Association of Alcohol Use with Hypothermia among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  42. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Alcohol-Associated and Non-Alcohol-Associated Hypothermia Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  43. Clinical Profile of Patients Presenting with Electrical Injuries to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  44. Association of Voltage Exposure with Burn Severity among Patients Presenting with Electrical Injury: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  45. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Low-Voltage and High-Voltage Electrical Injuries: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  46. Prevalence of Electrocardiographic Abnormalities among Patients Presenting with Electrical Injuries: A Cross-Sectional Study
  47. Association of Entry and Exit Wounds with Deep Tissue Injury among Patients Presenting with Electrical Burns: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  48. Comparison of Injury Patterns between Occupational and Domestic Electrical Injuries: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  49. Clinical Profile of Patients Presenting after Lightning Strike to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  50. Association of Environmental Exposure Characteristics with Neurological and Cardiac Manifestations among Lightning Strike Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Point-of-Care Ultrasonography and Emergency Procedures

  1. Diagnostic Utility of Focused Cardiac Ultrasonography in Adults Presenting with Undifferentiated Hypotension to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  2. Association of Bedside Cardiac Ultrasonography Findings with Clinical Shock Category among Adults Presenting with Hypotension: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  3. Comparison of Bedside Ultrasonography Findings between Hypovolemic and Cardiogenic Shock Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  4. Prevalence of Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction on Point-of-Care Ultrasonography among Adults Presenting with Acute Dyspnoea: A Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Association of Lung Ultrasonography B-Lines with Clinical Features of Pulmonary Congestion among Adults Presenting with Dyspnoea: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  6. Comparison of Lung Ultrasonography Findings between Acute Heart Failure and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  7. Diagnostic Utility of Lung Ultrasonography for Pleural Effusion among Adults Presenting with Acute Dyspnoea: A Cross-Sectional Study
  8. Association of Pleural Fluid Depth on Bedside Ultrasonography with Respiratory Symptoms among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  9. Comparison of Bedside Ultrasonography and Chest Radiography for Detection of Pleural Effusion in Adults with Acute Dyspnoea: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  10. Diagnostic Utility of Lung Ultrasonography for Pneumothorax among Adult Trauma Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
  11. Association of Absent Lung Sliding with Radiologically Confirmed Pneumothorax among Adult Trauma Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  12. Comparison of Bedside Lung Ultrasonography and Chest Radiography for Detection of Pneumothorax after Blunt Trauma: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  13. Clinical Utility of Focused Abdominal Sonography in Adult Blunt Trauma Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  14. Association of Positive Focused Abdominal Sonography with Haemodynamic Instability among Adult Trauma Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  15. Comparison of Focused Abdominal Sonography and Computed Tomography Findings among Haemodynamically Stable Adults with Blunt Abdominal Trauma: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  16. Prevalence of Free Intraperitoneal Fluid on Bedside Ultrasonography among Adults Presenting with Blunt Abdominal Trauma: A Cross-Sectional Study
  17. Association of Abdominal Tenderness with Positive Focused Abdominal Sonography among Adult Trauma Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  18. Comparison of Focused Abdominal Sonography Findings between Road Traffic Accident and Fall-Related Trauma: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  19. Clinical Utility of Inferior Vena Cava Ultrasonography in Adults Presenting with Undifferentiated Hypotension: A Cross-Sectional Study
  20. Association of Inferior Vena Cava Collapsibility with Clinical Signs of Volume Depletion among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  21. Comparison of Inferior Vena Cava Ultrasonography Findings between Dehydrated and Non-Dehydrated Adults: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  22. Diagnostic Utility of Bedside Ultrasonography for Hydronephrosis among Adults Presenting with Acute Flank Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study
  23. Association of Hydronephrosis Grade with Pain Severity among Adults Presenting with Suspected Ureteric Colic: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  24. Comparison of Bedside Ultrasonography and Formal Radiological Imaging for Detection of Hydronephrosis in Acute Flank Pain: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  25. Clinical Utility of Bedside Gallbladder Ultrasonography among Adults Presenting with Right Upper Abdominal Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study
  26. Association of Sonographic Gallbladder Findings with Clinical Features of Acute Cholecystitis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  27. Comparison of Bedside and Radiology-Performed Ultrasonography for Gallstone Detection in Adults with Acute Abdominal Pain: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  28. Prevalence of Pericardial Effusion on Focused Cardiac Ultrasonography among Adults Presenting with Unexplained Hypotension: A Cross-Sectional Study
  29. Association of Pericardial Effusion Size with Haemodynamic Findings among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  30. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Patients with and without Pericardial Effusion detected by Bedside Ultrasonography: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  31. Clinical Profile of Adults Undergoing Emergency Endotracheal Intubation in a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  32. Association of Pre-Intubation Haemodynamic Status with Immediate Post-Intubation Hypotension among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  33. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Patients Developing and Not Developing Immediate Post-Intubation Hypotension: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  34. Prevalence of Difficult Airway Features among Adults Requiring Emergency Endotracheal Intubation: A Cross-Sectional Study
  35. Association of Bedside Airway Assessment Findings with Difficulty of Emergency Endotracheal Intubation: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  36. Comparison of First-Pass Intubation Success between Patients with and without Predicted Difficult Airway Features: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  37. Clinical Profile of Patients Undergoing Emergency Central Venous Catheter Placement: A Cross-Sectional Study
  38. Association of Anatomical Site with Immediate Mechanical Complications of Central Venous Catheter Placement: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  39. Comparison of Immediate Procedure Characteristics between Ultrasound-Guided and Landmark-Guided Central Venous Catheter Placement: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  40. Prevalence of Difficult Peripheral Intravenous Access among Adult Emergency Department Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
  41. Association of Body Mass Index and Chronic Illness with Difficult Peripheral Intravenous Access among Adults: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  42. Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided and Conventional Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation in Patients with Difficult Venous Access: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  43. Clinical Profile of Patients Undergoing Emergency Intercostal Drain Placement in a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  44. Association of Indication with Immediate Procedure-Related Complications of Intercostal Drain Placement: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  45. Comparison of Intercostal Drain Characteristics between Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Thoracic Emergencies: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  46. Prevalence of Immediate Complications following Emergency Urinary Catheterisation among Adult Emergency Department Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
  47. Association of Patient Characteristics with Difficult Urinary Catheterisation among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  48. Comparison of Procedure Difficulty between Male and Female Adults Undergoing Emergency Urinary Catheterisation: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  49. Clinical Profile of Adults Undergoing Emergency Lumbar Puncture in a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  50. Association of Body Habitus with Technical Difficulty of Lumbar Puncture among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Pain, Analgesia and Procedural Sedation

  1. Prevalence and Severity of Acute Pain among Adult Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  2. Association of Pain Severity with Triage Acuity among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  3. Comparison of Pain Scores between Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Emergency Department Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  4. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Severe Acute Musculoskeletal Pain to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Association of Mechanism of Injury with Pain Severity among Adult Trauma Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  6. Comparison of Pain Severity between Upper and Lower Limb Injuries in Adult Emergency Department Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  7. Prevalence of Moderate-to-Severe Pain among Adults Presenting with Long-Bone Fractures: A Cross-Sectional Study
  8. Association of Fracture Site with Pain Intensity among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  9. Comparison of Pain Scores between Open and Closed Fractures presenting to the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  10. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Renal Colic to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  11. Association of Stone Location with Pain Severity among Adults Presenting with Acute Ureteric Colic: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  12. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Proximal and Distal Ureteric Stone Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  13. Prevalence of Nausea and Vomiting among Adults Presenting with Acute Renal Colic: A Cross-Sectional Study
  14. Association of Hydronephrosis with Pain Severity among Adults Presenting with Ureteric Colic: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  15. Comparison of Pain Severity between Patients with and without Hydronephrosis in Acute Ureteric Colic: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  16. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Low Back Pain to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  17. Association of Red-Flag Features with Imaging Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Acute Low Back Pain: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  18. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Mechanical and Non-Mechanical Acute Low Back Pain Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  19. Prevalence of Neurological Deficits among Adults Presenting with Acute Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study
  20. Association of Radicular Symptoms with Neurological Examination Findings among Adults Presenting with Acute Low Back Pain: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  21. Comparison of Pain Characteristics between Radicular and Non-Radicular Acute Low Back Pain: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  22. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Headache Requiring Analgesia in the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  23. Association of Headache Severity with Nausea and Photophobia among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  24. Comparison of Pain Characteristics between Migraine and Tension-Type Headache Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  25. Prevalence of Severe Pain among Adults Presenting with Acute Abdominal Conditions: A Cross-Sectional Study
  26. Association of Pain Severity with Abdominal Examination Findings among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  27. Comparison of Pain Scores between Surgical and Non-Surgical Acute Abdominal Pain Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  28. Clinical Profile of Adults Receiving Opioid Analgesia in a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  29. Association of Opioid Dose with Immediate Sedation Level among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  30. Comparison of Immediate Pain Reduction between Opioid and Non-Opioid Analgesic Strategies in Selected Adult Emergency Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  31. Prevalence of Nausea following Analgesic Administration among Adult Emergency Department Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
  32. Association of Opioid Administration with Nausea and Sedation among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  33. Comparison of Immediate Adverse Effects between Opioid and Non-Opioid Analgesia in the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  34. Clinical Profile of Adults Undergoing Procedural Sedation in a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  35. Association of Pre-Sedation Patient Characteristics with Immediate Sedation-Related Adverse Events: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  36. Comparison of Sedation Characteristics between Orthopaedic Reduction and Other Emergency Procedures: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  37. Prevalence of Transient Hypoxaemia during Procedural Sedation in Adult Emergency Department Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
  38. Association of Sedation Depth with Transient Oxygen Desaturation during Emergency Procedures: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  39. Comparison of Immediate Sedation-Related Adverse Events between Younger and Older Adults: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  40. Clinical Profile of Children Undergoing Procedural Sedation in a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  41. Association of Procedure Type with Sedation Requirements among Paediatric Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  42. Comparison of Sedation Characteristics between Fracture Reduction and Wound Procedures in Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  43. Prevalence of Inadequately Controlled Pain among Adult Emergency Department Patients at Initial Assessment: A Cross-Sectional Study
  44. Association of Triage Category with Time to First Analgesia among Adults Presenting with Acute Pain: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  45. Comparison of Analgesia Receipt between Older and Younger Adults with Similar Pain Severity in the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  46. Clinical Profile of Older Adults Presenting with Acute Pain to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  47. Association of Cognitive Impairment with Documented Pain Severity among Older Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  48. Comparison of Analgesic Use between Cognitively Impaired and Cognitively Intact Older Adults: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  49. Prevalence of Severe Pain among Patients Presenting with Burns to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  50. Association of Burn Surface Area with Pain Severity among Patients Presenting with Acute Thermal Burns: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  1. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Psychiatric Emergencies to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  2. Association of Substance Use with Acute Behavioural Disturbance among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  3. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Substance-Related and Primary Psychiatric Emergency Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  4. Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation among Adults Presenting after Intentional Self-Poisoning to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Association of Previous Self-Harm History with Characteristics of Intentional Poisoning among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  6. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between First-Episode and Recurrent Self-Harm Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  7. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting after Deliberate Self-Harm to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  8. Association of Method of Self-Harm with Demographic and Clinical Characteristics among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  9. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Self-Poisoning and Self-Injury Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  10. Prevalence of Alcohol Use among Adults Presenting after Deliberate Self-Harm: A Cross-Sectional Study
  11. Association of Acute Alcohol Use with Method of Deliberate Self-Harm among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  12. Comparison of Self-Harm Characteristics between Patients with and without Alcohol Co-Ingestion: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  13. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Agitation to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  14. Association of Substance Use with Severity of Agitation among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  15. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Organic and Psychiatric Causes of Acute Agitation: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  16. Prevalence of Metabolic Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Acute Behavioural Disturbance: A Cross-Sectional Study
  17. Association of Hypoglycaemia with Altered Behaviour among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  18. Comparison of Laboratory Abnormalities between Medically Explained and Primary Psychiatric Behavioural Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  19. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Acute Alcohol Intoxication to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  20. Association of Alcohol Intoxication Severity with Glasgow Coma Scale Score among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  21. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Isolated Alcohol Intoxication and Alcohol Intoxication with Trauma: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  22. Prevalence of Hypoglycaemia among Adults Presenting with Acute Alcohol Intoxication: A Cross-Sectional Study
  23. Association of Acute Alcohol Intoxication with Head Injury among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  24. Comparison of Injury Patterns between Alcohol-Intoxicated and Non-Intoxicated Trauma Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  25. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Alcohol Withdrawal to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  26. Association of Time Since Last Alcohol Intake with Withdrawal Severity among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  27. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Uncomplicated Alcohol Withdrawal and Alcohol Withdrawal with Seizures: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  28. Prevalence of Electrolyte Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Alcohol Withdrawal: A Cross-Sectional Study
  29. Association of Hypomagnesaemia with Seizure Presentation among Adults with Alcohol Withdrawal: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  30. Comparison of Laboratory Profiles between Alcohol Withdrawal Patients with and without Seizures: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  31. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Suspected Opioid Intoxication to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  32. Association of Respiratory Rate with Level of Consciousness among Adults Presenting with Suspected Opioid Intoxication: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  33. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Opioid and Sedative Drug Intoxication Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  34. Prevalence of Hypoxaemia among Adults Presenting with Suspected Opioid Intoxication: A Cross-Sectional Study
  35. Association of Pupillary Findings with Clinical Features of Opioid Toxidrome among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  36. Comparison of Clinical Profiles between Isolated Opioid Intoxication and Polysubstance Intoxication: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  37. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Stimulant-Related Acute Behavioural Disturbance to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  38. Association of Tachycardia with Agitation Severity among Adults Presenting with Suspected Stimulant Use: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  39. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Stimulant and Alcohol-Related Behavioural Emergencies: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  40. Prevalence of Hypertension among Adults Presenting with Stimulant-Related Acute Agitation: A Cross-Sectional Study
  41. Association of Substance Use Pattern with Electrocardiographic Abnormalities among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  42. Comparison of Electrocardiographic Findings between Single-Substance and Polysubstance Intoxication Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  43. Clinical Profile of Adults Presenting with Panic-Like Symptoms to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  44. Association of Somatic Symptoms with Final Emergency Department Clinical Classification among Adults Presenting with Panic-Like Symptoms: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  45. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Panic-Related and Cardiopulmonary Causes of Palpitations and Dyspnoea: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  46. Prevalence of Previously Diagnosed Psychiatric Illness among Adults Presenting with Recurrent Non-Specific Emergency Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study
  47. Association of Psychiatric Comorbidity with Recurrent Emergency Department Presentation among Adults Assessed during a Defined Study Period: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  48. Comparison of Presenting Symptoms between Adults with and without Known Psychiatric Illness: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  49. Clinical Profile of Adolescents Presenting with Self-Harm to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  50. Association of Family and Social Factors with Method of Self-Harm among Adolescents Presenting to the Emergency Department: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Emergency Diagnostics and Laboratory Assessment

  1. Prevalence of Critical Laboratory Abnormalities among Adult Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  2. Association of Number of Laboratory Abnormalities with High-Acuity Triage Classification among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  3. Comparison of Laboratory Profiles between Patients Requiring Critical Care and General Ward Admission from the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  4. Prevalence of Anaemia among Adult Medical Emergency Department Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Association of Haemoglobin Concentration with Tachycardia and Hypotension among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  6. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Anaemic and Non-Anaemic Adults Presenting with Acute Medical Illness: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  7. Prevalence of Leukocytosis among Adults Presenting with Acute Medical Emergencies: A Cross-Sectional Study
  8. Association of Leucocyte Count with Fever and Suspected Infection among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  9. Comparison of Leucocyte Profiles between Patients with bacterial and non-bacterial Acute Illness: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  10. Prevalence of Thrombocytopenia among Adult Emergency Department Patients Undergoing Complete Blood Count Testing: A Cross-Sectional Study
  11. Association of Platelet Count with Bleeding Manifestations among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  12. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Patients with and without Thrombocytopenia presenting with Acute Medical Illness: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  13. Prevalence of Elevated Liver Enzymes among Adults Presenting with Acute Medical Emergencies: A Cross-Sectional Study
  14. Association of Liver Enzyme Elevation with Clinical Presentation among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  15. Comparison of Liver Function Profiles between Patients with Infectious and Non-Infectious Acute Illness: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  16. Prevalence of Renal Function Abnormalities among Adults Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  17. Association of Serum Creatinine with Clinical Dehydration among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  18. Comparison of Renal Function Parameters between Patients with and without Sepsis Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  19. Prevalence of Serum Sodium Abnormalities among Adult Emergency Department Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
  20. Association of Serum Sodium Concentration with Altered Mental Status among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  21. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Patients with Hyponatraemia and Hypernatraemia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  22. Prevalence of Serum Potassium Abnormalities among Adult Emergency Department Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
  23. Association of Serum Potassium Concentration with Electrocardiographic Abnormalities among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  24. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Patients with Hypokalaemia and Hyperkalaemia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  25. Prevalence of Acid-Base Disorders among Critically Ill Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  26. Association of Blood pH with Level of Consciousness among Critically Ill Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  27. Comparison of Acid-Base Profiles between Septic and Non-Septic Critically Ill Adults: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  28. Prevalence of Elevated Blood Lactate among Adults Presenting with Haemodynamic Instability: A Cross-Sectional Study
  29. Association of Blood Lactate Concentration with Shock Index among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  30. Comparison of Blood Lactate Levels between Patients with Septic and Hypovolemic Shock: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  31. Prevalence of Hyperglycaemia among Non-Diabetic Adults Presenting with Acute Critical Illness: A Cross-Sectional Study
  32. Association of Stress Hyperglycaemia with Physiological Severity among Non-Diabetic Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  33. Comparison of Blood Glucose Levels between Critically Ill and Non-Critically Ill Adults without Known Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  34. Prevalence of Elevated D-Dimer among Adults Evaluated for Suspected Thromboembolic Disease in the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  35. Association of Clinical Probability Features with D-Dimer Concentration among Adults Evaluated for Pulmonary Embolism: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  36. Comparison of D-Dimer Levels between Confirmed and Excluded Venous Thromboembolism Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  37. Prevalence of Troponin Elevation among Adults Presenting with Non-Traumatic Chest Pain to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  38. Association of Electrocardiographic Ischaemic Changes with Troponin Elevation among Adults Presenting with Acute Chest Pain: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  39. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Troponin-Positive and Troponin-Negative Acute Chest Pain Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  40. Prevalence of Troponin Elevation among Adults Presenting with Sepsis without Primary Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
  41. Association of Renal Dysfunction with Troponin Elevation among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  42. Comparison of Troponin Elevation Patterns between Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Non-Coronary Critical Illness: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  43. Diagnostic Utility of Venous Blood Gas Analysis among Adults Presenting with Acute Metabolic Emergencies: A Cross-Sectional Study
  44. Association of Venous Blood pH with Clinical Severity among Adults Presenting with Diabetic Ketoacidosis: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  45. Comparison of Arterial and Venous Blood Gas Parameters among Adults Presenting with Acute Metabolic Acidosis: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  46. Prevalence of Abnormal Chest Radiographic Findings among Adults Presenting with Acute Dyspnoea: A Cross-Sectional Study
  47. Association of Chest Examination Findings with Radiographic Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Acute Respiratory Symptoms: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  48. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Patients with Normal and Abnormal Chest Radiographs presenting with Acute Dyspnoea: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  49. Prevalence of Significant Computed Tomography Abnormalities among Adults Presenting with Acute Neurological Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study
  50. Association of Focal Neurological Deficits with Abnormal Neuroimaging among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Emergency Department Operations, Quality and Patient Safety

  1. Pattern of Emergency Department Utilisation among Adult Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital in India: A Cross-Sectional Study
  2. Association of Triage Acuity with Emergency Department Length of Stay during a Single Visit: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  3. Comparison of Emergency Department Length of Stay between Medical and Surgical Emergency Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  4. Prevalence of Prolonged Emergency Department Stay among Adult Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Association of Diagnostic Testing Burden with Emergency Department Length of Stay among Adult Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  6. Comparison of Emergency Department Stay Duration between Patients Requiring and Not Requiring Specialist Consultation: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  7. Pattern of Patient Arrivals by Time of Day in a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  8. Association of Arrival Time with Triage Acuity among Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  9. Comparison of Patient Characteristics between Daytime and Night-Time Emergency Department Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  10. Prevalence of Ambulance Utilisation among Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  11. Association of Ambulance Arrival with High-Acuity Triage Classification among Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  12. Comparison of Clinical Severity between Ambulance-Transported and Self-Transported Emergency Department Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  13. Pattern of Inter-Hospital Referrals to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  14. Association of Referral Source with Clinical Acuity among Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  15. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Referred and Directly Presenting Emergency Department Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  16. Prevalence of Incomplete Referral Documentation among Patients Referred to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  17. Association of Referral Documentation Completeness with Availability of Prior Investigations among Referred Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  18. Comparison of Initial Management Received before Arrival between Referred and Directly Presenting Critically Ill Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  19. Pattern of Specialist Consultation Requests from a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  20. Association of Triage Acuity with Number of Specialist Consultations Requested during Emergency Department Care: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  21. Comparison of Consultation Patterns between Medical and Trauma Emergency Department Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  22. Prevalence of Multiple Specialty Consultations among Adult Emergency Department Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
  23. Association of Multisystem Illness with Requirement for Multiple Specialty Consultations in the Emergency Department: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  24. Comparison of Emergency Department Disposition among Patients Requiring Single and Multiple Specialty Consultations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  25. Pattern of Diagnostic Imaging Utilisation among Adult Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  26. Association of Triage Acuity with Computed Tomography Utilisation among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  27. Comparison of Imaging Utilisation between Trauma and Non-Trauma Emergency Department Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  28. Prevalence of Normal Computed Tomography Findings among Adults Undergoing Emergency Neuroimaging for Minor Head Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study
  29. Association of Clinical Red-Flag Features with Positive Emergency Computed Tomography Findings among Adult Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  30. Comparison of Computed Tomography Yield between Younger and Older Adults Presenting with Minor Head Injury: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  31. Pattern of Laboratory Test Utilisation among Adult Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  32. Association of Triage Acuity with Number of Laboratory Investigations Ordered among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  33. Comparison of Laboratory Investigation Utilisation between Admitted and Discharged Emergency Department Patients: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  34. Prevalence of Critical Laboratory Values among Adult Emergency Department Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
  35. Association of Critical Laboratory Values with High-Acuity Triage Classification among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  36. Comparison of Critical Laboratory Abnormalities between Medical and Surgical Emergency Presentations: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  37. Pattern of Emergency Blood Transfusion Use in a Tertiary Care Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  38. Association of Indication for Transfusion with Haemodynamic Instability among Adult Emergency Department Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  39. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Trauma and Non-Trauma Patients Receiving Emergency Blood Transfusion: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  40. Prevalence of Massive Transfusion Activation among Adult Trauma Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
  41. Association of Initial Shock Index with Requirement for Multiple Blood Component Transfusions among Adult Trauma Patients: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  42. Comparison of Initial Clinical Characteristics between Patients Receiving Single and Multiple Blood Component Transfusions: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  43. Pattern of Medication Administration Errors Identified during Emergency Department Care: A Cross-Sectional Study
  44. Association of Emergency Department Crowding with Documented Medication Administration Delays during a Defined Study Period: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  45. Comparison of Medication-Related Process Errors between High-Volume and Low-Volume Emergency Department Shifts: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  46. Prevalence of Incomplete Documentation of Drug Allergy Status among Adult Emergency Department Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
  47. Association of Triage Acuity with Completeness of Emergency Department Clinical Documentation: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
  48. Comparison of Documentation Completeness between Trauma and Medical Emergency Records: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
  49. Prevalence and Pattern of Patients Leaving the Emergency Department before Completion of Medical Evaluation during a Defined Study Period: A Cross-Sectional Study
  50. Association of Triage Category, Arrival Time, and Emergency Department Crowding with Leaving before Completion of Medical Evaluation: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Not the general medicine subspeciality you need? Emergency medicine is one section of our full general medicine collection — the hub page lists every subspeciality, each with its own free topic list. Updated September 2026.

Browse all General Medicine Thesis Topics →

📌 Updated for 2026–2027 MD Emergency Medicine/DNB Emergency Medicine admissions

The page has been reviewed for feasibility in emergency departments where research commonly uses triage observations, physiological measurements, routine investigations, resuscitation records and short-term clinical outcomes.

  • Most projects can be completed with triage vital signs, Glasgow Coma Scale, shock index, routine laboratory tests, blood gas analysis, electrocardiography, bedside ultrasonography and clinically indicated imaging.
  • Research-only invasive monitoring, advanced biomarker panels, specialised physiological devices or additional imaging are not required for most practical dissertation designs.
  • Publication potential is strongest when the protocol fixes the measurement time, records treatment before measurement and chooses an outcome that is not mechanically determined by the predictor being studied.
Generate a protocol from any topic above

Select Generate Protocol → beside any title in the list above and receive a submission-ready document built around that topic, containing all eighteen components:

  • Introduction / Synopsis
  • Research Question
  • Aim of the Study
  • Primary Objective
  • Secondary Objectives
  • Materials and Methods
  • Inclusion Criteria
  • Exclusion Criteria
  • Sample Size Calculation
  • Methodology
  • Statistical Analysis
  • Ethical Considerations
  • Review of Literature
  • References
  • Gantt Chart / Study Timeline
  • Patient Information Sheet
  • Consent Form
  • Data Collection Form

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Alongside emergency medicine protocols and synopses, support is also available for departmental presentations, journal club presentations, ethics committee presentations, and posters and oral presentations for medical conferences — for postgraduate residents, board trainees and research scholars across India and the GCC. Prepared by a practising doctor with long experience in medical publishing and thesis supervision.

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Emergency medicine research outside India

The topics above work as research questions anywhere — what changes is the document the institution expects, and who approves it before data collection begins. The Gulf equivalent of an Indian synopsis is the emergency medicine research proposal submitted to an institutional review board, and it ordinarily carries three sections an Indian synopsis does not: a Gantt chart, a budget and resources section, and a Declaration of Helsinki statement.

Board and residency programmes — country by country

Saudi Arabia — SCFHS and the Saudi Board. Residency and fellowship training under the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties includes a research project with a set timeline, and the emergency medicine research proposal is the document prepared at the outset and cleared by the institutional review board before recruitment starts.

United Arab Emirates — DHA, DOH Abu Dhabi and MOHAP. Residents training in Dubai, Abu Dhabi and the northern emirates prepare an emergency medicine research protocol for their programme and submit it for institutional review board approval before any data are collected.

Qatar — DHP (formerly QCHP) and Hamad Medical Corporation. A emergency medicine IRB proposal is reviewed before recruitment, with the ethics section written to the institution's own template rather than a generic one.

Bahrain — NHRA. Trainees turning emergency medicine research topics into a project need the proposal cleared by their institutional research and ethics committee before fieldwork begins.

Oman — OMSB. Residency programmes under the Oman Medical Specialty Board include a research component, and the emergency medicine research proposal is the document assessed at the start of it.

Kuwait — KIMS. A emergency medicine study protocol goes to the institutional committee for approval before the project begins.

Arab Board programmes across the region. The Arab Board carries its own research requirement irrespective of the host country, and the emergency medicine proposal follows the same structure throughout.

Generate an emergency medicine research proposal →

Postgraduate degrees — Malaysia, the Gulf and beyond

Malaysia — MMed, the National Medical Research Register and MREC. A emergency medicine dissertation proposal for a Master of Medicine programme carried out in a Ministry of Health facility must be registered on the NMRR and approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee before the study begins, and the guidance asks for submission four to six months ahead of data collection. Every investigator on the study team registers on the NMRR as well, so the methodology, ethics and team sections are written in far more detail than an Indian synopsis requires.

PhD and Master's candidates elsewhere. University programmes generally require a full emergency medicine research proposal of roughly 6,000 to 10,000 words, with an extended literature review, a theoretical framework and a detailed methodology chapter.

PhD and MMed proposals are written individually by a medical doctor and revised until the supervisor accepts them. They are not produced by the automated protocol generator.

Enquire about an emergency medicine PhD or MMed proposal →

🔥 Trending research areas in Emergency Medicine for 2026–27

Current dissertation opportunities increasingly focus on early physiological risk stratification, point-of-care assessment and reproducible acute-care outcomes rather than descriptive emergency-department profiles alone.

  • Time-anchored risk prediction: shock index, lactate, capillary refill, respiratory rate and neurological status are useful only when the protocol defines exactly when they are measured relative to oxygen, fluids, vasopressors or airway intervention.
  • Point-of-care assessment: bedside ultrasonography, electrocardiography and blood gas analysis can support practical projects when the operator, interpretation criteria and reference standard are prespecified.
  • Disposition and escalation outcomes: intensive care transfer, ventilation and emergency procedures are clinically meaningful but may be influenced by the same findings being evaluated, so management-related circularity must be considered.
  • Undifferentiated syndromes: shock, dyspnoea, altered sensorium, chest pain and acute febrile illness offer strong research questions when the final diagnostic pathway is defined and competing causes are classified consistently.

Protocol and synopsis guidance

What an Emergency Medicine protocol must contain

Time zero: Define whether baseline means first triage reading, first physician assessment, first blood sample or first measurement before treatment. Emergency physiology changes rapidly, so measurements taken before and after oxygen, fluids, analgesia, bronchodilators, vasopressors or antidotes should not be mixed.

Prehospital treatment: Record oxygen, intravenous fluids, glucose, immobilisation, medications, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and other interventions given before arrival. A referred patient may already have substantially altered vital signs and laboratory values.

Outcome definition: Specify whether the primary outcome is resuscitation-bay use, critical-care admission, ventilation, emergency procedure, in-hospital mortality or another endpoint. Triage category and clinician disposition are partly decision-based outcomes and require careful interpretation.

Avoid incorporation bias: If a triage system already uses respiratory rate, blood pressure, consciousness or oxygen saturation, testing the same variable against that triage category creates a built-in association. Choose an external clinical outcome where possible.

Diagnostic pathway: For undifferentiated chest pain, dyspnoea, shock, altered sensorium or fever, state how the final diagnosis will be established and how unresolved or multiple diagnoses will be handled.

Emergency Medicine synopsis versus Emergency Medicine protocol

Synopsis: The synopsis should state the emergency presentation, study design, baseline predictor, primary outcome, expected sample size and broad statistical plan in a concise form suitable for academic review.

Protocol: The full protocol must define time zero, prehospital treatment, eligibility at triage, exact measurement methods, missing or repeated observations, diagnostic adjudication, outcome window and treatment received before the predictor or outcome is recorded.

Why the distinction matters: A synopsis may propose studying lactate as a marker of severe sepsis, but the protocol must specify whether the lactate is drawn before or after fluid resuscitation, whether referred patients who have already received treatment are included and which external clinical endpoint defines severity.

Sample size and statistical analysis

Base sample size on the primary endpoint: Estimating the prevalence of a presentation, comparing two emergency groups, correlating a physiological marker with severity and evaluating prediction of ventilation or critical-care admission require different calculations.

Do not analyse a component against its own score: Shock index contains heart rate and systolic blood pressure, while early-warning and triage systems contain several physiological variables. Testing one component against the composite score can produce a mathematically expected association.

Account for repeated measurements: Blood pressure, lactate, Glasgow Coma Scale, oxygen saturation and blood gas values may be measured several times. If serial values are analysed, the protocol should define time points and use methods that recognise repeated observations from the same patient.

Separate association from prediction: A variable associated with critical-care admission or mortality is not automatically a useful predictor. If a cut-off is proposed, discrimination, calibration and ideally validation should be considered rather than relying only on a significant p-value.

Frequently Asked Questions – EMERGENCY MEDICINE RESEARCH TOPICS (2026–27)

1. How do I choose a feasible Emergency Medicine topic for the 2026–2027 academic year?

Choose a presentation your emergency department sees frequently, such as acute dyspnoea, chest pain, sepsis, poisoning, trauma, altered sensorium, stroke, metabolic emergencies or electrolyte disturbances. Prefer one baseline predictor and one clinically meaningful short-term outcome. Confirm that the required measurement can be obtained at a standardised time before choosing the topic.

2. Which study designs are usually accepted for an Emergency Medicine dissertation?

Feasible designs include prospective or retrospective observational cohorts, cross-sectional analytical studies, comparative studies between defined emergency presentations, diagnostic-accuracy studies and short prognostic studies using emergency-department or in-hospital outcomes. The design should follow the temporal structure of the question rather than labelling every acute-care study as cross-sectional.

3. What should I settle with my guide before finalising an Emergency Medicine topic?

Agree on the precise patient population, time zero, baseline measurement, prehospital treatment variables, primary outcome, follow-up window, expected case load and whether the outcome is independent of the predictor. These decisions are particularly important in the emergency department because treatment often begins before complete data collection.

4. Can I use routinely recorded triage and emergency-department data for my thesis?

Yes, provided the variables are recorded consistently enough to answer the question. Retrospective triage data are useful for vital signs, timing, interventions and disposition, but missing values and treatment before measurement must be prespecified. A triage category should not be treated as an independent biological outcome when it was assigned using the same vital signs being studied.

5. What is the difference between an Emergency Medicine synopsis and an Emergency Medicine protocol?

The synopsis presents the emergency presentation, research question, study design, principal variables and broad analysis plan. The protocol turns that idea into a reproducible method by defining time zero, prehospital treatment, measurement conditions, diagnostic pathway, outcome window, missing-data rules, sample-size assumptions and statistical analysis.

6. What ethical issues should I address in an Emergency Medicine study?

Emergency patients may be unconscious, confused, hypoxic, intoxicated or otherwise temporarily unable to provide valid consent. The protocol should state how capacity will be assessed, when a legally acceptable representative may provide consent and whether deferred consent is permitted by the ethics committee. For children, guardian consent and child assent from about seven years should be addressed where applicable. Record-based work may qualify for an ethics-approved waiver of consent.

No additional radiation, contrast study, research-only venepuncture or invasive monitoring should be added merely for the dissertation unless scientifically justified and approved. If extra blood is required, the protocol should state the blood-volume limit. Separate consent is required for identifiable photographs or video. Incidental clinically important findings on imaging, electrocardiography, bedside ultrasonography or laboratory testing should have a named escalation pathway to the treating emergency team.

7. How do I define time zero correctly in an Emergency Medicine thesis?

Choose one clinically meaningful anchor and use it consistently for every participant. Suitable anchors include first triage recording, first physician assessment or first pre-treatment blood sample, depending on the research question. Do not mix a lactate obtained before fluids in one patient with a lactate obtained after resuscitation in another and call both admission lactate. Referred patients should have prehospital treatment documented because their first value at your hospital may already reflect substantial therapy.

8. Can an Emergency Medicine dissertation later support a PhD or Gulf board research pathway?

Yes, but the documents serve different purposes. An MD or DNB synopsis is usually a bounded residency dissertation plan, while a PhD proposal generally requires a broader research gap, more extensive methodology and a programme of work beyond one residency project. Gulf pathways may also require a separate board research project under SCFHS and the Saudi Board, the Arab Board of Health Specializations, or DHP, DHA, DOH and MOHAP-linked training programmes. The same acute-care question can sometimes be adapted, but supervision, ethics, format and institutional requirements should be checked for the specific programme.

9. When should I register my Emergency Medicine dissertation?

Register after the study population, time-zero definition, primary predictor, outcome window, sample-size basis and expected recruitment rate have been agreed with the guide. Confirm that the variable of interest is recorded reliably before major treatment and that the required follow-up outcome can be captured consistently for nearly all enrolled patients.

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