Hepatobiliary System Thesis Topics for MS/DNB Gen Surgery
These liver and biliary tract thesis topics for MS and DNB General Surgery candidates cover symptomatic gallstones, acute and chronic cholecystitis, difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy, common bile duct stones, obstructive jaundice, biliary injury and hepatobiliary malignancy. The collection also offers hepatobiliary surgery research topics and study ideas suitable for an MS General Surgery protocol or general surgery synopsis. Most observational designs can be completed within one thesis period using routine surgical admissions, ultrasonography, biochemical investigations, operative records and histopathology already available in the department; each chosen question still needs a realistic recruitment estimate. A protocol or synopsis should then specify the population, primary outcome, measurement plan and analysis before recruitment begins.
Last reviewed and updated: · all 500 topics checked for 2026–2027 admissions
Our MS General Surgery Thesis Guidance covers operative outcome definitions (Clavien–Dindo grading, CDC surgical site infection criteria), follow-up schedules, and institutional review board (IRB) layout guides.
Gallstone Disease and Symptomatic Cholelithiasis
Clinical spectrum and ultrasonographic morphology of symptomatic gallstone disease in adults presenting to a tertiary care surgical unit: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Gallstone number, size and location in relation to the pattern of biliary symptoms in patients with cholelithiasis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Metabolic profile of patients presenting with symptomatic cholelithiasis and its relationship with gallstone burden: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.
Gender differences in clinical presentation and ultrasonographic pattern of symptomatic gallstone disease: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Gallstone disease in adults younger than forty years: clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic characteristics in a cross-sectional observational study.
Obesity and central adiposity as determinants of gallstone burden in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Diabetes mellitus and the clinical severity of symptomatic gallstone disease at presentation: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonographic fatty liver and its relationship with gallstone morphology in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Parity and reproductive history in relation to gallstone burden among women with symptomatic cholelithiasis: a cross-sectional observational study.
Premenopausal and postmenopausal women with gallstone disease: differences in clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Solitary versus multiple gallstones: differences in symptoms, gallbladder wall thickness and biochemical profile in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Gallstone size as a determinant of gallbladder wall thickening in symptomatic cholelithiasis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Duration of biliary symptoms and its relationship with gallbladder ultrasonographic changes in cholelithiasis: a cross-sectional study.
Family history of gallstone disease and its relationship with age at presentation and stone burden: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Dyslipidaemia in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis and its relationship with gallstone morphology: a cross-sectional observational study.
Serum triglyceride levels and gallstone burden in patients undergoing evaluation for symptomatic cholelithiasis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder distension on ultrasonography and its relationship with symptom severity in uncomplicated gallstone disease: a cross-sectional study.
Right hypochondrial pain patterns in patients with ultrasonographically proven cholelithiasis: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Dyspeptic symptoms among patients with cholelithiasis and their relationship with stone number and size: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Incidental cholelithiasis detected during abdominal ultrasonography in surgical patients: prevalence and associated clinical factors in a cross-sectional study.
Symptomatic and incidentally detected gallstones: differences in demographic, metabolic and ultrasonographic profiles in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Anaemia and gallstone disease in adult surgical patients: clinico-biochemical characteristics in an observational cross-sectional study.
Body mass index and gallbladder wall thickness among patients with cholelithiasis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder sludge in patients with biliary symptoms: clinical and biochemical profile in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder sludge versus definite gallstones in patients with biliary symptoms: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Biliary colic as the presenting manifestation of gallstone disease: clinical and ultrasonographic correlates in a cross-sectional study.
Abnormal liver biochemical tests in otherwise uncomplicated symptomatic cholelithiasis: prevalence and associated ultrasonographic findings in a cross-sectional study.
Serum alkaline phosphatase elevation in symptomatic gallstone disease without common bile duct stones: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Serum bilirubin levels in uncomplicated cholelithiasis and their relationship with gallbladder ultrasonographic findings: a cross-sectional study.
Gallstone morphology in patients with normal and elevated body mass index: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Multiple pregnancies and gallstone characteristics among women presenting for surgical treatment: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Hypertension and metabolic comorbidities among patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Metabolic syndrome components in patients with symptomatic gallstone disease: prevalence and relationship with gallstone burden in a cross-sectional study.
Gallstone disease in vegetarian and mixed-diet populations attending a surgical department: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Age-related differences in gallstone composition inferred from ultrasonographic characteristics: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Impacted gallbladder neck stones and their clinical and ultrasonographic predictors: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder neck stones versus fundal or body stones: differences in symptom pattern and gallbladder wall changes in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder wall thickness as a marker of complicated versus uncomplicated gallstone disease at presentation: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Pericholecystic fluid in gallstone disease and its relationship with inflammatory laboratory parameters: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Leucocytosis in patients with symptomatic gallstones and its relationship with ultrasonographic evidence of inflammation: a cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder volume and stone burden in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis: an ultrasonography-based cross-sectional study.
Fasting blood glucose abnormalities among patients with symptomatic gallstone disease: prevalence and clinical correlates in a cross-sectional study.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver changes among patients undergoing evaluation for gallstone disease: an observational cross-sectional study.
Gallstone burden in patients with and without ultrasonographic fatty liver: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Clinical predictors of multiple gallstones in patients presenting with symptomatic cholelithiasis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonographic predictors of recurrent biliary pain before admission among patients with cholelithiasis: a cross-sectional observational study.
Gallstone size and frequency of pre-admission biliary pain episodes in symptomatic cholelithiasis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Rural and urban differences in the presentation of symptomatic gallstone disease at a tertiary care surgical unit: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Socio-demographic profile and health-seeking pattern of patients presenting with symptomatic cholelithiasis: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic predictors of complicated gallstone disease at first surgical assessment: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Acute and Chronic Cholecystitis
Acute calculous cholecystitis at presentation: clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic profile in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Chronic cholecystitis in patients undergoing cholecystectomy: correlation of preoperative ultrasonography with intraoperative gallbladder morphology in a cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder wall thickness as a marker of acute inflammatory severity in calculous cholecystitis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonographic Murphy sign and its diagnostic performance in clinically suspected acute cholecystitis: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Pericholecystic fluid as an indicator of inflammatory severity in acute cholecystitis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Leucocyte count and ultrasonographic severity of acute calculous cholecystitis: a cross-sectional observational study.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and severity of acute cholecystitis at admission: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in acute cholecystitis and its relationship with ultrasonographic inflammatory changes: a cross-sectional study.
C-reactive protein levels and operative difficulty in patients undergoing cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: a cross-sectional analytical study.
Clinical examination and ultrasonography in diagnosing acute cholecystitis: a comparative diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Acute versus chronic cholecystitis: differences in demographic profile, laboratory findings and ultrasonographic features in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Diabetes mellitus and inflammatory severity of acute calculous cholecystitis at admission: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Elderly and younger adults with acute cholecystitis: differences in presentation and laboratory abnormalities in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Male and female patients with acute cholecystitis: differences in clinical severity and operative findings in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Gangrenous changes of the gallbladder and their preoperative clinical predictors: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonographic features predicting gangrenous cholecystitis among patients undergoing emergency cholecystectomy: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Empyema of the gallbladder at surgery: preoperative clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic predictors in a cross-sectional study.
Acute cholecystitis with and without gallbladder empyema: a comparative cross-sectional study of presentation and inflammatory markers.
Gallbladder perforation detected at surgery and its preoperative predictors in acute cholecystitis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Impacted neck stone in acute cholecystitis and its relationship with gallbladder distension and operative findings: a cross-sectional study.
Sonographic gallbladder wall oedema and operative difficulty in acute calculous cholecystitis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Duration of symptoms before admission and inflammatory severity in acute cholecystitis: a cross-sectional observational study.
Fever at presentation and its relationship with complicated gallbladder inflammation: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Abnormal liver biochemical tests in acute calculous cholecystitis without common bile duct stones: a cross-sectional study.
Serum bilirubin elevation in acute cholecystitis and its relationship with operative inflammation: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Hypoalbuminaemia and severity of acute gallbladder inflammation at presentation: a cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder distension and wall thickness in acute and chronic cholecystitis: a comparative ultrasonographic cross-sectional study.
Sonographic sludge in acute cholecystitis and its relationship with gallstone burden: a cross-sectional observational study.
Clinical predictors of severe acute cholecystitis among patients admitted to a general surgery unit: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Bedside clinical scoring variables for identifying complicated acute cholecystitis: a cross-sectional diagnostic study.
Ultrasonographic gallbladder wall thickness versus inflammatory markers for identifying complicated acute cholecystitis: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Acute cholecystitis in patients with normal versus elevated inflammatory markers: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Acalculous and calculous cholecystitis in surgical inpatients: differences in clinical and imaging characteristics in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Acute acalculous cholecystitis in non-intensive-care surgical patients: clinical and ultrasonographic profile in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder mucosal changes observed intraoperatively in chronic cholecystitis and their ultrasonographic correlates: a cross-sectional study.
Contracted gallbladder in chronic cholecystitis: clinical, ultrasonographic and operative characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Thick-walled versus thin-walled gallbladder in chronic calculous cholecystitis: differences in operative anatomy in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder adhesions in chronic cholecystitis and their preoperative ultrasonographic predictors: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Multiple previous attacks of biliary pain and operative inflammatory changes in chronic cholecystitis: a cross-sectional study.
History of prior acute cholecystitis and current operative difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Diabetes mellitus and gallbladder gangrene among patients with acute cholecystitis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Age and comorbidity profile of patients with complicated acute cholecystitis: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonographic gallbladder wall thickness and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as concurrent markers of acute cholecystitis severity: a cross-sectional study.
Clinical significance of pericholecystic fluid among patients with acute calculous cholecystitis: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Right upper quadrant guarding and its relationship with operative severity in acute cholecystitis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Palpable gallbladder in acute cholecystitis and its relationship with imaging and operative findings: a cross-sectional observational study.
Acute cholecystitis presenting without fever or leucocytosis: clinical and imaging profile in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder wall thickness measured by ultrasonography and direct operative assessment: agreement in a cross-sectional study.
Clinical and ultrasonographic features distinguishing uncomplicated chronic cholecystitis from acute-on-chronic cholecystitis: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Preoperative clinical and imaging variables associated with complicated cholecystitis detected during surgery: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Operative Anatomy
Preoperative predictors of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with gallstone disease: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder wall thickness on ultrasonography as a predictor of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Contracted gallbladder and operative difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a cross-sectional study.
Impacted neck stone as a predictor of difficult gallbladder dissection during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Previous attacks of acute cholecystitis and operative difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Body mass index and technical difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Male sex and difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy: clinical and operative characteristics in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Diabetes mellitus and operative difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstone disease: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Age-related differences in operative difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Previous upper abdominal surgery and intra-abdominal adhesions encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a cross-sectional study.
Preoperative ultrasonographic scoring for prediction of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a diagnostic accuracy cross-sectional study.
Clinical scoring versus ultrasonographic scoring for prediction of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder adhesions encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and their preoperative predictors: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Calot triangle anatomy encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: patterns and anatomical variations in an observational cross-sectional study.
Cystic artery variations encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: prevalence and operative significance in a cross-sectional study.
Cystic duct variations observed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an anatomical cross-sectional study.
Short cystic duct and its relationship with difficult dissection during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Low insertion of the cystic duct identified on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and operative findings: a cross-sectional correlation study.
Accessory cystic arteries encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: prevalence and operative characteristics in an observational cross-sectional study.
Moynihan hump of the right hepatic artery encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: prevalence and anatomical characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Rouviere sulcus as an anatomical landmark during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: prevalence and visibility in a cross-sectional study.
Critical view of safety achievement in routine laparoscopic cholecystectomy and factors associated with difficulty in obtaining it: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Time required to obtain the critical view of safety and its relationship with preoperative predictors of difficult cholecystectomy: a cross-sectional study.
Fundus-first dissection requirement during difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy and associated preoperative factors: a cross-sectional observational study.
Subtotal cholecystectomy requirement in difficult gallbladders and its preoperative predictors: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Operative findings necessitating conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Preoperative predictors of conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonographic gallbladder wall thickness and conversion to open cholecystectomy: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Adhesions at Calot triangle and their relationship with gallbladder wall thickness on ultrasonography: a cross-sectional study.
Stone impaction at the gallbladder neck and difficulty in grasping the gallbladder during laparoscopic surgery: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder decompression during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: indications and associated preoperative imaging findings in a cross-sectional study.
Intraoperative bile spillage during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and associated gallbladder characteristics: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Gallstone spillage during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and its relationship with stone burden and gallbladder inflammation: a cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and its preoperative predictors: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Bleeding from the gallbladder bed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and associated patient and operative factors: a cross-sectional study.
Aberrant biliary anatomy identified during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: prevalence and patterns in an observational cross-sectional study.
Hartmann pouch morphology and its relationship with difficult Calot triangle dissection: a cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder position and anatomical variants encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Cystic duct diameter on preoperative imaging and intraoperative ease of clipping: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Number of clips required for cystic duct closure and its relationship with cystic duct diameter: a cross-sectional study.
Operative difficulty in patients with a packed gallbladder compared with patients having few stones: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Impact of gallbladder distension on trocar manipulation and dissection difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a cross-sectional study.
Liver morphology and gallbladder exposure during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in obese and non-obese patients: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Fatty liver and technical difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Preoperative ultrasonography and intraoperative findings in detecting gallbladder adhesions: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography findings and operative biliary anatomy in selected patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a cross-sectional correlation study.
Surgeon-assessed difficult gallbladder and objective preoperative risk factors: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic determinants of operative difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a multivariable cross-sectional study.
Emergency and elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases: differences in operative anatomy and technical difficulty in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Critical anatomical variations encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in an Indian tertiary care hospital: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Difficult Gallbladder and Complicated Gallstone Disease
Difficult gallbladder encountered at surgery: spectrum of operative findings and preoperative predictors in a cross-sectional observational study.
Frozen Calot triangle and its relationship with previous inflammatory attacks and ultrasonographic findings: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Dense pericholecystic adhesions during cholecystectomy and their clinical predictors: a cross-sectional study.
Mirizzi syndrome among patients undergoing surgery for gallstone disease: clinical, biochemical and imaging profile in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography features suggestive of Mirizzi syndrome: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Mirizzi syndrome versus uncomplicated gallstone disease: differences in jaundice, biochemical parameters and imaging findings in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Impacted Hartmann pouch stones and extrinsic common hepatic duct compression: a cross-sectional clinico-radiological study.
Cholecystocholedochal fistula encountered during surgery for gallstone disease: clinical and imaging predictors in a cross-sectional study.
Cholecystoduodenal fistula in patients with chronic gallstone disease: clinical and radiological features in an observational cross-sectional study.
Gallstone ileus presenting to a general surgery department: clinical and computed tomography findings in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Complicated versus uncomplicated cholelithiasis: differences in demographic and metabolic risk profiles in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder empyema at operation and its preoperative clinical predictors: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Gangrenous cholecystitis at operation and its relationship with diabetes, age and inflammatory markers: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder perforation in acute cholecystitis: clinical and imaging features in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Pericholecystic abscess in complicated cholecystitis: clinical, biochemical and imaging characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Acute-on-chronic cholecystitis and operative difficulty: a clinico-radiological cross-sectional study.
Mucocele of the gallbladder due to impacted neck stone: clinical and imaging profile in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder hydrops and its relationship with stone location and duration of symptoms: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Porcelain gallbladder detected on imaging or surgery: prevalence and clinical characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis suspected preoperatively: clinical and imaging characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis and gallbladder carcinoma: comparison of clinical and radiological features in a cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonographic features suggestive of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis and their operative correlation: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Thick-walled gallbladder lesions: differentiation of benign inflammatory disease from suspected malignancy using ultrasonography and computed tomography in a cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder mass lesions discovered during evaluation for gallstone disease: clinical and imaging spectrum in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Unexpected suspicious gallbladder lesions encountered during cholecystectomy: prevalence and operative characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Difficult gallbladder caused by dense adhesions versus contracted gallbladder: differences in preoperative imaging findings in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Fundus-first cholecystectomy as a marker of difficult gallbladder anatomy: associated preoperative variables in a cross-sectional study.
Subtotal cholecystectomy cases and their preoperative clinical and imaging characteristics: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Fenestrating and reconstituting subtotal cholecystectomy performed for difficult gallbladder: operative indications in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Conversion to open surgery in complicated gallstone disease: intraoperative reasons and preoperative predictors in a cross-sectional study.
Dense omental adhesions to the gallbladder and their relationship with prior inflammatory episodes: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Duodenal adhesions to the gallbladder and associated preoperative clinical factors: a cross-sectional study.
Distorted Calot triangle anatomy and preoperative magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography findings: a cross-sectional correlation study.
Biliary anatomical variations in patients with difficult versus uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Acute cholecystitis with obstructive jaundice and its underlying causes: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Impacted cystic duct stones and their clinical and imaging characteristics: an observational cross-sectional study.
Common hepatic duct compression secondary to gallbladder inflammation and stone impaction: a clinico-radiological cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder necrosis and its relationship with age, diabetes and inflammatory markers at presentation: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Emphysematous cholecystitis in patients undergoing surgical management: clinical and computed tomography profile in a cross-sectional study.
Complicated acute cholecystitis in diabetic and non-diabetic patients: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Complicated gallstone disease in elderly and non-elderly patients: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder adhesions and inflammatory laboratory indices in chronic gallstone disease: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Clinical predictors of a contracted fibrotic gallbladder at surgery: a cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonographic non-visualisation of the gallbladder and its operative correlates in symptomatic gallstone disease: a cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder wall calcification and associated stone characteristics on imaging: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Complicated gallstone disease presenting without classical right upper quadrant tenderness: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Preoperative predictors of bailout procedures during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder neck stone size and likelihood of difficult Calot triangle dissection: a cross-sectional study.
Clinical and imaging profile of patients requiring subtotal rather than total cholecystectomy: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Composite preoperative risk factors for difficult gallbladder surgery in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Common Bile Duct Stones and Choledocholithiasis
Clinical, biochemical and imaging profile of patients with common bile duct stones: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Common bile duct diameter on ultrasonography as a predictor of choledocholithiasis: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels as predictors of common bile duct stones in patients with gallstone disease: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Liver biochemical test patterns in patients with and without choledocholithiasis: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for detection of common bile duct stones: a comparative diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Common bile duct diameter measured by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: agreement in a cross-sectional study.
Stone size and common bile duct dilatation in choledocholithiasis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Single versus multiple common bile duct stones: differences in clinical, biochemical and imaging characteristics in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Distal common bile duct stones and their relationship with biochemical severity of obstruction: a cross-sectional study.
Common bile duct stones in patients with normal serum bilirubin: clinical and imaging profile in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Choledocholithiasis in patients with normal common bile duct diameter on ultrasonography: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Dilated common bile duct without demonstrable stones on ultrasonography: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography findings in a cross-sectional study.
Clinical predictors of common bile duct stones among patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Biochemical predictors of common bile duct stones among patients with gallstone disease: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonographic predictors of choledocholithiasis in patients undergoing magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: a cross-sectional study.
Intermediate-risk choledocholithiasis and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography findings: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Patients with suspected common bile duct stones and negative ultrasonography: diagnostic yield of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in a cross-sectional study.
Common bile duct stone burden and severity of obstructive liver biochemical abnormalities: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder stone burden in patients with and without concomitant common bile duct stones: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Age and prevalence of choledocholithiasis among patients with gallstone disease: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Common bile duct stones in elderly versus younger adults: differences in presentation and biochemical profile in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Gender differences in clinical presentation of choledocholithiasis: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Diabetes mellitus and severity of presentation in patients with common bile duct stones: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Jaundice patterns in choledocholithiasis and their relationship with stone number and size: a cross-sectional study.
Cholangitis at presentation among patients with common bile duct stones: prevalence and associated factors in a cross-sectional study.
Fever, jaundice and abdominal pain in choledocholithiasis: diagnostic value of the classical clinical triad in a cross-sectional study.
Leucocytosis and cholangitic changes in patients with common bile duct stones: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder status in patients presenting with common bile duct stones: an ultrasonographic cross-sectional study.
Choledocholithiasis with and without gallbladder stones: differences in clinical and imaging characteristics in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Primary versus secondary common bile duct stones based on imaging and operative characteristics: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Common bile duct sludge detected on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and its biochemical correlates: a cross-sectional study.
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography morphology of common bile duct stones and its relationship with obstructive biochemical parameters: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Common hepatic duct and common bile duct diameters in gallstone patients with and without ductal stones: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase as a marker of choledocholithiasis in patients with gallstone disease: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Serum alkaline phosphatase versus gamma-glutamyl transferase for predicting common bile duct stones: a comparative diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Direct and total bilirubin patterns in patients with radiologically confirmed choledocholithiasis: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Transaminase elevation in choledocholithiasis and its relationship with degree of biliary obstruction: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Marked transaminase elevation in patients with common bile duct stones: clinical and imaging characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Pancreatic enzyme elevation in patients with choledocholithiasis without clinical pancreatitis: a cross-sectional study.
Common bile duct stone size and likelihood of biliary obstruction on imaging: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Common bile duct diameter adjusted for age in predicting choledocholithiasis: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonographic intrahepatic biliary dilatation as a marker of common bile duct obstruction: a cross-sectional diagnostic study.
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography findings in patients with unexplained cholestatic liver biochemical abnormalities: a cross-sectional study.
Common bile duct stones associated with acute cholecystitis versus uncomplicated cholelithiasis: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Coexisting common bile duct stones in patients with gallbladder empyema: prevalence and associated factors in a cross-sectional study.
Choledocholithiasis in patients with impacted gallbladder neck stones: prevalence and imaging characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Clinical scoring variables for selecting patients for magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in suspected choledocholithiasis: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Guideline-based risk categories for choledocholithiasis and actual magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography findings: a cross-sectional validation study.
Discordance between ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in suspected common bile duct stones: patterns and associated factors in a cross-sectional study.
Clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic model for predicting magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography-confirmed choledocholithiasis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Obstructive Jaundice, Cholangitis and Benign Biliary Disorders
Surgical causes of obstructive jaundice in adults presenting to a tertiary care hospital: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Benign versus malignant obstructive jaundice: differences in clinical presentation, biochemical pattern and imaging findings in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Serum bilirubin pattern in benign and malignant biliary obstruction: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Serum alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase in benign versus malignant obstructive jaundice: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Pruritus in obstructive jaundice and its relationship with biochemical severity of cholestasis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder palpability in obstructive jaundice and its relationship with benign and malignant causes: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonographic level of biliary obstruction and final imaging diagnosis in patients with obstructive jaundice: a cross-sectional study.
Intrahepatic biliary dilatation patterns in proximal and distal biliary obstruction: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Common bile duct diameter and biochemical severity in patients with distal biliary obstruction: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonography and computed tomography in localisation of obstructive jaundice: a comparative diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in determining the level of biliary obstruction: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography findings in patients with obstructive jaundice of uncertain cause: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Acute cholangitis among patients with biliary obstruction: clinical, biochemical and imaging profile in a cross-sectional study.
Severity markers at presentation in patients with acute cholangitis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Classical clinical triad in acute cholangitis and its relationship with imaging-confirmed biliary obstruction: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Leucocyte count and bilirubin levels in patients with acute cholangitis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in acute cholangitis and its relationship with clinical severity at admission: a cross-sectional study.
Common bile duct stones versus benign biliary stricture as causes of cholangitis: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Benign biliary stricture in surgical patients: clinical and imaging characteristics in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Post-cholecystectomy biliary stricture at presentation: anatomical level and imaging pattern in a cross-sectional study.
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography assessment of benign biliary strictures: morphology and anatomical distribution in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Proximal versus distal benign biliary strictures: differences in biochemical and imaging features in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Bile duct dilatation above benign strictures and its relationship with biochemical cholestasis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Iatrogenic bile duct injury presenting to a referral surgical unit: clinical and imaging profile in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Anatomical pattern of bile duct injuries following cholecystectomy assessed by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: a cross-sectional study.
Laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy-related bile duct injuries presenting to a tertiary care centre: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Bile leak after cholecystectomy at initial presentation: clinical, biochemical and imaging features in a cross-sectional study.
Subhepatic fluid collection after biliary surgery and its relationship with bile duct injury on imaging: a cross-sectional study.
Biloma following cholecystectomy: clinical and radiological characteristics in an observational cross-sectional study.
Biliary peritonitis secondary to bile duct injury: clinical presentation and imaging findings in a cross-sectional study.
Bile duct injury level and pattern of liver biochemical abnormalities at presentation: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Stricture length and degree of intrahepatic biliary dilatation in benign biliary obstruction: a cross-sectional study.
Benign and malignant hilar obstruction: differences in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography morphology in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Distal biliary obstruction due to stones versus periampullary malignancy: clinical and imaging differences in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Courvoisier sign and its diagnostic utility in differentiating malignant from benign distal biliary obstruction: a cross-sectional study.
Weight loss and anorexia as clinical indicators of malignant biliary obstruction: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Pale stools and dark urine in obstructive jaundice and their relationship with serum bilirubin levels: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Coagulopathy in obstructive jaundice and its relationship with degree of cholestasis: a cross-sectional study.
Serum albumin in benign and malignant obstructive jaundice: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Renal function abnormalities in patients presenting with severe obstructive jaundice: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder distension in distal biliary obstruction and its diagnostic significance: a cross-sectional study.
Pancreatic head mass versus distal common bile duct lesion in malignant obstruction: computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Hilar biliary obstruction on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: pattern and probable causes in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Extrahepatic versus intrahepatic causes of obstructive jaundice in surgical patients: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Clinical predictors of malignant obstruction among adults presenting with painless jaundice: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Painful versus painless obstructive jaundice: differences in underlying aetiology and imaging findings in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Fever with obstructive jaundice and its relationship with cholangitis and stone disease: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Serum cholestatic enzyme pattern and level of biliary obstruction on imaging: a cross-sectional correlation study.
Diagnostic concordance between ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in obstructive jaundice: a cross-sectional study.
Clinical, biochemical and imaging variables distinguishing benign from malignant biliary obstruction at first presentation: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Malignancy
Gallbladder carcinoma at presentation: clinical, biochemical and radiological profile in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder carcinoma with and without gallstones: differences in demographic and imaging characteristics in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder wall thickening due to carcinoma versus chronic inflammatory disease: computed tomography characteristics in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Focal versus diffuse gallbladder wall thickening and their relationship with malignant imaging features: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder mass lesions on ultrasonography and computed tomography: diagnostic concordance in a cross-sectional study.
Gallstones in patients with suspected gallbladder carcinoma: prevalence and morphological characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Porcelain gallbladder and suspicious malignant changes on imaging: a cross-sectional observational study.
Gallbladder polyps detected on ultrasonography: prevalence, size distribution and associated clinical factors in a cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder polyps and gallstones occurring together: clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Small and large gallbladder polyps: differences in patient characteristics and ultrasonographic morphology in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonographic features associated with suspicious gallbladder polyps: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder adenomyomatosis and its differentiation from malignant wall thickening on imaging: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis versus gallbladder carcinoma: comparative clinical and computed tomography features in a cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder carcinoma presenting as acute cholecystitis: clinical and imaging profile in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Painless jaundice in gallbladder carcinoma and its relationship with extent of biliary involvement on imaging: a cross-sectional study.
Liver infiltration in gallbladder carcinoma and associated computed tomography findings: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Lymph node enlargement in suspected gallbladder carcinoma and its relationship with local tumour extent on imaging: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Incidental suspicion of gallbladder malignancy during cholecystectomy: prevalence and operative findings in a cross-sectional study.
Preoperative ultrasonographic suspicion of gallbladder malignancy and corresponding operative findings: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder wall thickness and malignant morphological features on cross-sectional imaging: an analytical study.
Hilar cholangiocarcinoma at presentation: clinical, biochemical and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography profile in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Distal cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic head malignancy: clinical and imaging differences in patients with obstructive jaundice in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: differences in clinical presentation and imaging patterns in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Biliary dilatation patterns in hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography-based cross-sectional study.
Hilar strictures with benign versus malignant imaging characteristics: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Abrupt versus smooth biliary narrowing on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and its relationship with malignant obstruction: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Biliary stricture length on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography as a marker of malignant obstruction: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels in proximal versus distal malignant biliary obstruction: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Weight loss, anorexia and palpable gallbladder among patients with malignant obstructive jaundice: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder carcinoma in younger and older adults: differences in clinical and radiological presentation in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Gender distribution and gallstone burden among patients with gallbladder carcinoma: a cross-sectional observational study.
Rural and urban presentation patterns of gallbladder carcinoma at a tertiary care surgical centre: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Delayed presentation of gallbladder carcinoma and associated clinical features at first surgical assessment: a cross-sectional study.
Tumour morphology of gallbladder carcinoma on computed tomography and its relationship with obstructive jaundice: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder neck tumours versus fundal or body tumours: differences in jaundice and biliary obstruction patterns in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Direct hepatic invasion in gallbladder malignancy and its computed tomography predictors: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Suspected malignant gallbladder wall thickening in patients with gallstones: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Imaging features of resectable and locally advanced gallbladder carcinoma at initial presentation: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Peritoneal deposits in gallbladder carcinoma and associated primary tumour imaging characteristics: a cross-sectional study.
Liver metastases in gallbladder carcinoma and their radiological distribution at diagnosis: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Malignant biliary obstruction with and without cholangitis: differences in clinical and laboratory features in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Serum albumin and haemoglobin abnormalities among patients with gallbladder and biliary tract malignancy: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Anaemia in gallbladder carcinoma and its relationship with extent of disease on imaging: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder carcinoma presenting with a palpable abdominal mass: clinical and radiological characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Incidental gallbladder wall lesions detected during imaging for unrelated abdominal complaints: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Computed tomography and ultrasonography in characterisation of suspected gallbladder malignancy: a comparative diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and computed tomography in defining biliary involvement by gallbladder carcinoma: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Clinical and imaging indicators of malignant gallbladder wall thickening in patients with chronic cholecystitis: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Gallstone characteristics in benign gallbladder disease and gallbladder carcinoma: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Spectrum of gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary malignancies presenting to a general surgery department: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Liver Abscess, Cysts and Benign Focal Liver Lesions
Pyogenic liver abscess in adults: clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic profile in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Amoebic and pyogenic liver abscess: differences in clinical presentation, laboratory parameters and imaging findings in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Solitary versus multiple liver abscesses: differences in clinical and biochemical characteristics in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Right-lobe versus left-lobe liver abscesses: differences in presentation and imaging morphology in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Liver abscess size and severity of inflammatory laboratory abnormalities at presentation: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Diabetes mellitus in patients with pyogenic liver abscess and its relationship with abscess number and size: a cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonographic morphology of liver abscess and its relationship with clinical presentation: an observational cross-sectional study.
Computed tomography and ultrasonography in characterisation of liver abscess morphology: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Gas-forming liver abscess: clinical and computed tomography characteristics in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Multiloculated liver abscess and its relationship with inflammatory markers at admission: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Liver abscess with pleural effusion: prevalence and associated abscess characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Liver abscess adjacent to the diaphragm and associated thoracic imaging findings: a cross-sectional study.
Jaundice in patients with liver abscess and its relationship with abscess location and size: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Anaemia and hypoalbuminaemia among patients presenting with liver abscess: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Leucocytosis and abscess volume in pyogenic liver abscess: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Liver abscess in diabetic and non-diabetic patients: a comparative cross-sectional study of clinical and imaging characteristics.
Alcohol use and clinical characteristics of amoebic liver abscess in adult males: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Multiple liver abscesses and possible biliary origin: clinical and imaging characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Biliary tract disease among patients presenting with pyogenic liver abscess: prevalence and imaging profile in a cross-sectional study.
Liver abscess associated with gallstone disease and liver abscess without gallstones: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Ruptured and unruptured liver abscesses at presentation: differences in clinical and imaging features in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Imaging predictors of impending rupture in large liver abscesses: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Left-lobe liver abscess and risk markers for intraperitoneal or thoracic extension: a cross-sectional study.
Percutaneous drainage indication according to abscess morphology at presentation: a cross-sectional observational study.
Needle aspiration and catheter drainage groups in liver abscess: comparison of baseline abscess characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Incidentally detected simple liver cysts on abdominal imaging: prevalence and demographic profile in a cross-sectional study.
Simple versus complex hepatic cysts: ultrasonographic characteristics in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Symptomatic and asymptomatic liver cysts: differences in size, location and imaging morphology in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Giant simple liver cysts presenting to a surgical department: clinical and imaging characteristics in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Hydatid cyst of the liver at presentation: clinical, serological and imaging characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Solitary versus multiple hepatic hydatid cysts: differences in clinical and imaging characteristics in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Right-lobe and left-lobe hepatic hydatid cysts: comparative clinical and radiological profile in a cross-sectional study.
Complicated versus uncomplicated hepatic hydatid cysts: differences in symptoms and imaging features in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Cystobiliary communication suspected in hepatic hydatid disease: clinical, biochemical and imaging indicators in an analytical cross-sectional study.
Daughter cysts, calcification and membrane detachment in hepatic hydatid disease: distribution of imaging patterns in a cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonography and computed tomography in characterisation of hepatic hydatid cysts: a comparative diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Benign focal liver lesions detected on ultrasonography: spectrum and demographic characteristics in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Haemangioma of the liver detected incidentally on imaging: size, location and imaging profile in a cross-sectional study.
Hepatic haemangioma and simple liver cyst: differences in ultrasonographic characteristics in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Focal nodular hyperplasia and other benign solid liver lesions in surgical referrals: imaging spectrum in a cross-sectional study.
Incidentally detected focal liver lesions in patients undergoing abdominal imaging: prevalence and imaging characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Fatty liver and focal liver lesions on ultrasonography: prevalence and relationship in a cross-sectional study.
Liver abscess mimicking a solid hepatic lesion on initial ultrasonography: imaging features in a cross-sectional study.
Complex cystic liver lesions and their differential imaging characteristics: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Fever with focal liver lesions: clinical and radiological differentiation of abscess from non-infective lesions in a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Upper abdominal pain in patients with benign focal liver lesions: clinical and imaging characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Hepatomegaly among patients with liver abscess and cystic liver lesions: prevalence and imaging correlates in a cross-sectional study.
Liver segment distribution of abscesses, cysts and benign focal lesions in surgical patients: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonographic echogenicity patterns of common benign focal liver lesions: a cross-sectional imaging study.
Clinical, biochemical and imaging approach to differentiating infective from non-infective cystic liver lesions: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Primary and Secondary Liver Tumours
Focal malignant liver lesions presenting to a general surgery unit: clinical and imaging spectrum in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Hepatocellular carcinoma at initial diagnosis: clinical, biochemical and imaging profile in a cross-sectional study.
Hepatocellular carcinoma with and without cirrhotic liver morphology: differences in clinical and imaging characteristics in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Solitary versus multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma: comparative clinical, biochemical and radiological characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Tumour size in hepatocellular carcinoma and its relationship with serum alpha-foetoprotein level: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Serum alpha-foetoprotein in radiologically suspected hepatocellular carcinoma: diagnostic performance in a cross-sectional study.
Portal vein thrombosis in hepatocellular carcinoma and its relationship with tumour burden on imaging: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Right-lobe versus left-lobe hepatocellular carcinoma: differences in presentation and imaging characteristics in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with abdominal pain versus incidentally detected disease: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Hepatomegaly in hepatocellular carcinoma and its relationship with tumour size and distribution: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Ascites in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and associated imaging findings at diagnosis: a cross-sectional study.
Liver biochemical abnormalities in patients with suspected hepatocellular carcinoma: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Serum albumin and bilirubin abnormalities in hepatocellular carcinoma with different tumour burdens: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography in characterisation of suspected hepatocellular carcinoma: a comparative diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Arterial enhancement and venous washout patterns in suspected hepatocellular carcinoma: a computed tomography-based cross-sectional study.
Hepatic metastases detected in patients with known extrahepatic malignancy: distribution and imaging characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Solitary versus multiple liver metastases: differences in primary tumour origin and imaging morphology in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Colorectal liver metastases at initial surgical assessment: number, size and segmental distribution in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Liver metastases from gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal primaries: comparative imaging characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Hypovascular and hypervascular liver metastases: primary tumour associations and imaging patterns in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonography and computed tomography for detection of hepatic metastases in surgical oncology patients: a comparative diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Incidentally detected liver metastases during staging computed tomography: prevalence and primary tumour distribution in a cross-sectional study.
Hepatic lesions in patients with colorectal carcinoma: prevalence and computed tomography characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Number and segmental distribution of colorectal liver metastases in newly evaluated patients: a cross-sectional imaging study.
Resectability-related anatomical characteristics of colorectal liver metastases at first imaging assessment: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Synchronous liver metastases in colorectal carcinoma and their relationship with primary tumour location: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Right-sided and left-sided colorectal cancers with synchronous liver metastases: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Liver lesions detected in patients with gastric malignancy: prevalence and imaging spectrum in a cross-sectional study.
Liver metastases in pancreatic and periampullary malignancies: prevalence and radiological pattern in a cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder carcinoma with hepatic metastases versus direct liver invasion: computed tomography characteristics in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Primary liver tumour versus metastatic liver lesions: differences in clinical, biochemical and computed tomography characteristics in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Solitary malignant liver lesion and its imaging-based differential diagnosis: a cross-sectional study.
Multiple focal liver lesions on computed tomography: spectrum of malignant and benign diagnoses in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Malignant and benign focal liver lesions: ultrasonographic features useful for differentiation in a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Contrast enhancement patterns in benign and malignant focal liver lesions: a comparative cross-sectional imaging study.
Portal vein thrombosis in patients with malignant versus non-malignant liver disease: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Serum alkaline phosphatase elevation in patients with hepatic metastases: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Anaemia and hypoalbuminaemia among patients with malignant focal liver lesions: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Constitutional symptoms in primary and metastatic liver malignancy: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Hepatic mass lesions with normal serum bilirubin: clinical and imaging characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Large liver tumours occupying more than one anatomical segment: clinical and radiological characteristics in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Segmental distribution of primary and metastatic liver malignancies: a comparative imaging cross-sectional study.
Capsular proximity of liver tumours and associated abdominal pain at presentation: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Necrosis within malignant liver lesions and its relationship with tumour size: a cross-sectional study.
Lymphadenopathy patterns in primary versus metastatic liver malignancy: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Ascites and peritoneal disease in patients with hepatic metastases: prevalence and imaging correlates in a cross-sectional study.
Imaging features suggesting vascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma: a cross-sectional diagnostic study.
Portal vein involvement in primary liver malignancy versus metastatic disease: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Clinical, biochemical and imaging variables distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma from hepatic metastases: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Spectrum of surgically relevant focal liver tumours evaluated at a tertiary care hospital: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Liver Trauma, Portal Hypertension and Miscellaneous Hepatobiliary Surgery
Blunt liver trauma in adult patients: mechanism, injury pattern and computed tomography findings in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Liver injury grade and haemodynamic status at emergency presentation in blunt abdominal trauma: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Right-lobe versus left-lobe liver injuries in blunt abdominal trauma: differences in mechanism and associated injuries in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Isolated liver trauma and liver trauma with associated abdominal injuries: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Road traffic injury and fall-related liver trauma: differences in computed tomography injury patterns in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Haemoperitoneum volume on imaging and liver injury grade in blunt abdominal trauma: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Serum transaminase elevation and computed tomography grade of liver injury in blunt abdominal trauma: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels as markers of significant liver injury after blunt abdominal trauma: a diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Liver injury in haemodynamically stable and unstable trauma patients at first assessment: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Associated splenic, renal and bowel injuries in patients with blunt liver trauma: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Segmental distribution of traumatic liver injuries on computed tomography: an anatomical cross-sectional study.
Active contrast extravasation in blunt liver trauma and its relationship with injury grade and haemodynamic status: a cross-sectional study.
Perihepatic fluid and haemoperitoneum in liver trauma: computed tomography characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Clinical examination and computed tomography findings in suspected blunt liver injury: a comparative diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Haemoglobin level at presentation and radiological severity of liver trauma: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Portal hypertension in surgical patients: clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic profile in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Splenomegaly and portal vein diameter in patients with portal hypertension: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Portal vein diameter and presence of portosystemic collaterals on ultrasonography: a cross-sectional study.
Portal hypertension with and without ascites: differences in clinical and ultrasonographic findings in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Portal vein thrombosis in patients evaluated for portal hypertension: prevalence and imaging characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension and cirrhotic portal hypertension: comparative clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Splenic size and platelet count in patients with portal hypertension: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Thrombocytopenia and ultrasonographic severity of portal hypertension: a cross-sectional study.
Portosystemic collateral patterns on ultrasonography and computed tomography in portal hypertension: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Recanalised paraumbilical vein in portal hypertension and associated imaging findings: a cross-sectional study.
Ascites in portal hypertension and its relationship with serum albumin and portal vein characteristics: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Gallstones in patients with chronic liver disease and portal hypertension: prevalence and ultrasonographic characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Gallbladder wall thickening in portal hypertension and its relationship with ascites and serum albumin: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Portal hypertensive gallbladder changes versus acute cholecystitis: comparative ultrasonographic characteristics in a cross-sectional study.
Portal vein thrombosis with and without chronic liver disease: differences in clinical and imaging characteristics in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Portal cavernoma detected on abdominal imaging: clinical and radiological characteristics in a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction in adults presenting to a surgical service: clinical and imaging profile in a cross-sectional study.
Splenic vein thrombosis and left-sided portal hypertension in patients with pancreatic and hepatobiliary disorders: a cross-sectional study.
Liver morphology on ultrasonography in patients with portal hypertension: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Nodular liver surface and portal hypertension-related ultrasonographic findings: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Incidental hepatomegaly detected during abdominal ultrasonography: clinical and biochemical correlates in a cross-sectional study.
Hepatomegaly in surgical patients with infective, obstructive and malignant hepatobiliary disease: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Abnormal liver biochemical tests among patients admitted to a general surgery department: spectrum of hepatobiliary causes in a cross-sectional study.
Cholestatic versus hepatocellular patterns of liver biochemical abnormalities in surgical patients: underlying hepatobiliary diagnoses in a comparative cross-sectional study.
Incidental fatty liver among patients undergoing preoperative abdominal ultrasonography: prevalence and associated metabolic factors in a cross-sectional study.
Fatty liver in patients with and without gallstone disease: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Hepatomegaly and fatty liver in obese and non-obese surgical patients: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Incidental focal liver lesions discovered during evaluation of non-hepatic surgical complaints: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonographic liver span and body mass index among adult surgical patients: an analytical cross-sectional study.
Liver biochemical abnormalities in patients with obstructive and non-obstructive hepatobiliary disease: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonography as the initial investigation for hepatobiliary surgical disorders: diagnostic spectrum and frequency of clinically significant findings in a cross-sectional study.
Discordance between clinical diagnosis and initial ultrasonographic diagnosis in hepatobiliary surgical patients: a cross-sectional study.
Ultrasonography and computed tomography in evaluation of common hepatobiliary surgical conditions: a comparative diagnostic cross-sectional study.
Clinical presentation patterns across gallbladder, bile duct and liver disorders in a general surgery department: a comparative cross-sectional study.
Spectrum of hepatobiliary surgical disease encountered in a tertiary care general surgery unit in India: a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study.
Not the general surgery subspeciality you need? Liver and biliary tract is one section of our full general surgery collection — the hub page lists every subspeciality, each with its own free topic list. Updated October 2026.
📌 Updated for 2026–2027 MS / DNB General Surgery Liver and Biliary Tract admissions
The research angles have been reviewed for feasibility in general surgery units with variable access to advanced biliary imaging and endoscopy.
Gallbladder studies can often use admission blood tests, routine ultrasonography, operative notes and cholecystectomy histopathology.
MRCP, ERCP, intraoperative cholangiography and specialist hepatobiliary services are needed only for questions that explicitly depend on them; their availability must be confirmed before choosing the study.
Clear definitions of complicated cholecystitis, operative difficulty, bile duct injury and diagnostic reference standards offer stronger opportunities for publishable, interpretable findings.
Generate a protocol from any topic above
Select Generate Protocol → beside any title in the list above and receive a submission-ready document built around that topic, containing all eighteen components:
Introduction / Synopsis
Research Question
Aim of the Study
Primary Objective
Secondary Objectives
Materials and Methods
Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
Sample Size Calculation
Methodology
Statistical Analysis
Ethical Considerations
Review of Literature
References
Gantt Chart / Study Timeline
Patient Information Sheet
Consent Form
Data Collection Form
Already have your thesis title?
Generate the full liver and biliary tract protocol directly — objectives, methodology, sample size, statistics, timeline, references and annexures.
Alongside liver and biliary tract protocols and synopses, support is also available for departmental presentations, journal club presentations, ethics committee presentations, and posters and oral presentations for medical conferences — for postgraduate residents, board trainees and research scholars across India and the GCC. Prepared by a practising doctor with long experience in medical publishing and thesis supervision.
The topics above work as research questions anywhere — what changes is the document the institution expects, and who approves it before data collection begins. The Gulf equivalent of an Indian synopsis is the liver and biliary tract research proposal submitted to an institutional review board, and it ordinarily carries three sections an Indian synopsis does not: a Gantt chart, a budget and resources section, and a Declaration of Helsinki statement.
Board and residency programmes — country by country
Saudi Arabia — SCFHS and the Saudi Board. Residency and fellowship training under the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties includes a research project with a set timeline, and the liver and biliary tract research proposal is the document prepared at the outset and cleared by the institutional review board before recruitment starts.
United Arab Emirates — DHA, DOH Abu Dhabi and MOHAP. Residents training in Dubai, Abu Dhabi and the northern emirates prepare a liver and biliary tract research protocol for their programme and submit it for institutional review board approval before any data are collected.
Qatar — DHP (formerly QCHP) and Hamad Medical Corporation. A liver and biliary tract IRB proposal is reviewed before recruitment, with the ethics section written to the institution's own template rather than a generic one.
Bahrain — NHRA. Trainees turning liver and biliary tract research topics into a project need the proposal cleared by their institutional research and ethics committee before fieldwork begins.
Oman — OMSB. Residency programmes under the Oman Medical Specialty Board include a research component, and the liver and biliary tract research proposal is the document assessed at the start of it.
Kuwait — KIMS. A liver and biliary tract study protocol goes to the institutional committee for approval before the project begins.
Arab Board programmes across the region. The Arab Board carries its own research requirement irrespective of the host country, and the liver and biliary tract proposal follows the same structure throughout.
Postgraduate degrees — Malaysia, the Gulf and beyond
Malaysia — MMed, the National Medical Research Register and MREC. A liver and biliary tract dissertation proposal for a Master of Medicine programme carried out in a Ministry of Health facility must be registered on the NMRR and approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee before the study begins, and the guidance asks for submission four to six months ahead of data collection. Every investigator on the study team registers on the NMRR as well, so the methodology, ethics and team sections are written in far more detail than an Indian synopsis requires.
PhD and Master's candidates elsewhere. University programmes generally require a full liver and biliary tract research proposal of roughly 6,000 to 10,000 words, with an extended literature review, a theoretical framework and a detailed methodology chapter.
PhD and MMed proposals are written individually by a medical doctor and revised until the supervisor accepts them. They are not produced by the automated protocol generator.
🔥 Trending research areas in Liver and Biliary Tract Surgery for 2026–27
These areas address decisions routinely faced by a general surgery team.
Safe cholecystectomy and bailout decisions: documentation of the critical view of safety, subtotal cholecystectomy and conversion can connect preoperative risk with objectively recorded operative decisions.
Risk-stratified suspected choledocholithiasis: evaluating which patients truly benefit from MRCP or EUS can reduce unnecessary invasive ERCP, provided selection and verification biases are addressed.
Severity-based management of acute cholecystitis and cholangitis: standardised admission severity grades allow meaningful study of drainage, surgery timing and short-term outcomes.
Incidental gallbladder malignancy and indeterminate wall thickening: linking imaging impressions with complete surgical histopathology can clarify referral pathways without treating every thick-walled gallbladder as malignant.
Protocol and synopsis guidance
What a liver and biliary tract surgery protocol must contain
Define the anatomical and clinical cohort. State whether recruitment concerns uncomplicated cholelithiasis, acute calculous cholecystitis, suspected common bile duct stones, jaundice or suspected malignancy. These are not interchangeable populations. Record symptom onset, prior biliary interventions, antibiotics, imaging sequence and the time between admission blood tests and the index investigation.
Prespecify endpoints. A difficult cholecystectomy should use reproducible criteria such as a named operative difficulty scale or stated components, including adhesions, failure to achieve the critical view of safety, bailout technique and conversion. Conversion alone is not a validated surrogate for operative difficulty or poor quality surgery. State who grades operative findings, whether grading is blinded to preoperative scores, and whether surgeon experience is recorded. For complications, use an explicit classification such as Clavien–Dindo and a fixed follow-up window.
Protect diagnostic validity. For choledocholithiasis, identify the index test, reference standard and allowed interval between them. MRCP-negative cases frequently do not undergo ERCP, and spontaneous passage can cause discordant results. Document how unverified and discrepant cases are handled instead of calculating sensitivity only among patients who underwent intervention. For suspected gallbladder malignancy, distinguish imaging suspicion from histopathologically established cancer and describe management of patients without tissue confirmation.
Liver and biliary tract surgery synopsis versus liver and biliary tract surgery protocol
The synopsis gives the rationale, precise research question, objectives, intended population, broad design, expected sample and practical feasibility. For example, it may propose whether admission ultrasonographic findings predict objectively graded difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
The full protocol fixes the predictor thresholds, timing of ultrasound and laboratory tests, operative difficulty grading rubric, assessor identity, handling of emergency versus elective cases, surgeon learning curve, missing data and analysis plan. A diagnostic accuracy protocol additionally states whether all participants receive a comparable reference standard; a malignancy study states which diagnoses are based on histopathology and which remain clinically suspected. This distinction prevents a descriptive surgical audit from being presented as a validated diagnostic study.
Sample size and statistical analysis for liver and biliary tract studies
Match the calculation to one primary outcome. Use a proportion estimate for gallstone prevalence, an expected difference in proportions or means for prespecified comparisons, and anticipated sensitivity or specificity with target precision for diagnostic accuracy studies. Predictive models need enough outcome events relative to the number of candidate parameters; the total number of cholecystectomies alone does not determine model reliability. Rare events such as major bile duct injury or gallbladder carcinoma may not support a single-centre thesis designed around risk-factor modelling.
Analyse the correct comparison. Report odds ratios with confidence intervals for binary outcomes, and avoid adding many predictors when events are sparse. Use discrimination and calibration when developing a predictive score, not just a significant P value. For ultrasound versus MRCP agreement, report agreement measures appropriate to continuous or categorical findings; agreement is not diagnostic accuracy. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity require a defensible reference standard and an account of who did not receive it. If surgery and imaging occur on different dates, account for stones that may have passed or obstruction that may have changed.
1. How do I choose a feasible liver and biliary tract surgery thesis topic?
For 2026–2027 admissions, begin with the actual monthly caseload, access to ultrasonography and histopathology, and a primary outcome that can be measured within the thesis period. Routine gallstone, cholecystitis and cholecystectomy cohorts are usually more recruitable than rare biliary injuries or malignancies. Confirm the likely denominator and follow-up completion rate with the department before finalising the title.
2. Which study designs are accepted for biliary surgery dissertations?
Descriptive or analytical cross-sectional studies, prospective observational cohorts, retrospective record reviews, diagnostic accuracy studies and appropriately designed comparative studies can all answer different questions. A preoperative predictor of subsequent operative difficulty is better approached as a cohort or prediction study than labelled cross-sectional without regard to measurement timing. A randomised comparison of operative techniques is an interventional trial and needs the applicable approvals and registration.
3. What must I settle with my guide before selecting a biliary surgery topic?
Agree on the eligible disease group, recruitment site, monthly case volume, whether MRCP or ERCP is actually available, the primary outcome, who records intraoperative findings, the follow-up interval and a realistic sample size. Decide in advance whether emergency and elective cholecystectomies will be pooled and how surgeon experience will be recorded.
4. Can I study rare bile duct injuries or gallbladder cancer in one centre?
Yes, for a descriptive series or carefully labelled retrospective audit if sufficient records exist. However, major bile duct injuries and incidental malignancies may yield too few events for reliable multivariable prediction or diagnostic accuracy estimates. Check historic volume and referral patterns first, and consider multicentre participation if the main research question depends on comparing rare outcomes.
5. What is the difference between a biliary surgery synopsis and a protocol?
A synopsis summarises the rationale, objectives and proposed methods for academic approval. The protocol operationalises inclusion criteria, ultrasound timing and measurement, bile duct stone verification, operative difficulty definitions, postoperative complication grading, data handling and statistical comparisons. The two should describe the same primary research question.
6. What ethical approvals and consent are needed for hepatobiliary surgery research?
Obtain institutional ethics approval before prospective research; a retrospective review may qualify for an ethics-approved consent waiver, not an automatic exemption. Surgical consent is separate from informed research consent. Any random allocation of operative technique requires appropriate trial oversight and prospective CTRI registration before the first participant. Do not add CT radiation, MR contrast, endoscopy or research-only venepuncture solely for a dissertation without a justified, approved plan; specify additional blood volume if sampling is proposed. For minors, obtain guardian consent and age-appropriate assent, often from about seven years where feasible. Obtain separate permission for clinical or intraoperative photographs or videos, exclude identifiable facial features and remove patient identifiers from image metadata. The protocol must specify immediate clinical escalation of unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma, significant biliary obstruction or other actionable incidental imaging or histopathology findings, with documented referral to the treating surgical team.
7. Can MRCP accuracy for common bile duct stones be calculated using only ERCP-positive patients?
No. Restricting analysis to patients selected for ERCP can introduce partial verification and referral bias, while excluding MRCP-negative patients prevents valid estimation of specificity and negative predictive value. Define the intended suspected-stone population first and state the reference pathway for positive and negative results, including any clinical follow-up. Record the MRCP-to-ERCP interval because common bile duct stones may pass spontaneously. If complete verification is not possible, report the selected cohort and limitations explicitly rather than presenting its estimates as accuracy in all suspected cases.
8. Can a liver and biliary tract topic support a PhD proposal or international board research project?
Yes, but the deliverable differs. An Indian MS or DNB synopsis generally describes a bounded dissertation; a PhD proposal ordinarily needs a broader original research programme and stronger justification of novelty and methods. The Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS) and Saudi Board have programme-specific mandatory research-project requirements, while Arab Board of Health Specializations pathways and DHP-, DHA-, DOH- or MOHAP-linked training programmes may impose their own institutional or specialty requirements. Check the current rules of the specific board or training centre rather than assuming an Indian dissertation synopsis satisfies them automatically.
9. When should I register my hepatobiliary thesis topic?
Settle the question and verify department caseload early enough to obtain guide approval, ethics clearance and institutional registration before recruitment or data collection that requires approval. Allow time to standardise operative forms and record the critical view of safety, imaging intervals and follow-up consistently from the first participant.
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