Clavicle Fractures

1. Prospective observational assessment of radiological union, shoulder range of motion, pain, and six-month functional outcome following plate fixation of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures in adults.
2. Comparative evaluation of early functional outcome, union rate, implant-related symptoms, and complications following plate fixation versus intramedullary fixation of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures.
3. Prospective comparison of conservative treatment and operative fixation for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures with respect to union, shortening, pain, and six-month shoulder function.
4. Correlation of initial fracture shortening, displacement, and comminution with radiological union and functional outcome in adults managed conservatively for midshaft clavicle fractures.
5. Retrospective analytical study of demographic, radiological, and treatment-related factors associated with delayed union and nonunion following midshaft clavicle fractures.
6. Comparative study of superior versus anteroinferior plate positioning in midshaft clavicle fractures with respect to union, implant prominence, pain, and early functional recovery.
7. Prospective observational assessment of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for displaced clavicle fractures with emphasis on reduction quality, union, scar characteristics, and functional outcome.
8. Correlation between Robinson fracture classification, degree of comminution, and six-month functional outcome in adult patients with displaced clavicle fractures.
9. Comparative evaluation of precontoured locking plates and conventional reconstruction plates for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures with respect to radiological and functional outcomes.
10. Prospective assessment of clinical and radiological outcomes following locking plate fixation of unstable distal clavicle fractures in adults.
11. Comparative study of hook plate fixation versus distal clavicle locking plate fixation for unstable lateral-end clavicle fractures with respect to union and shoulder function.
12. Correlation of coracoclavicular distance restoration with radiological union and functional outcome following operative treatment of unstable distal clavicle fractures.
13. Diagnostic agreement between plain radiography and computed tomography for classification and surgical planning of comminuted clavicle fractures.
14. Prospective study of the relationship between time from injury to fixation and early pain relief, range of motion, union, and functional recovery after clavicle fracture surgery.
15. Case-control study of patient- and fracture-related risk factors associated with delayed union or nonunion after operative and conservative management of clavicle fractures.
16. Comparative evaluation of functional outcome and early complications following operative fixation of clavicle fractures in smokers and non-smokers.
17. Correlation of radiological callus formation at sequential follow-up with clinical tenderness, pain scores, and functional recovery following clavicle fracture treatment.
18. Retrospective analysis of implant-related complications, including prominence, irritation, infection, and hardware removal, following plate fixation of clavicle fractures.
19. Prospective evaluation of return to daily activities and shoulder function following operative fixation of displaced clavicle fractures in young adults.
20. Development and validation of a clinicoradiological prediction model for poor six-month functional outcome following adult clavicle fractures.
21. Proximal Humerus Fractures
22. Prospective observational assessment of radiological union, shoulder range of motion, pain, and six-month functional outcome following PHILOS plate fixation of displaced proximal humerus fractures.
23. Comparative evaluation of conservative treatment versus locking plate fixation for selected two-part proximal humerus fractures in adults with respect to union and shoulder function.
24. Comparative study of locking plate fixation versus intramedullary nailing for displaced proximal humerus fractures with respect to operative parameters, union, complications, and functional recovery.
25. Correlation between restoration of humeral neck-shaft angle and six-month shoulder function following operative fixation of proximal humerus fractures.
26. Prospective assessment of the influence of medial calcar support on maintenance of reduction, varus collapse, and early functional outcome after PHILOS plating.
27. Retrospective analytical study of radiographic and operative predictors of fixation failure following locking plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures.
28. Comparative evaluation of deltopectoral and deltoid-splitting approaches for proximal humerus fracture fixation with respect to operative time, pain, range of motion, and function.
29. Correlation of Neer classification with intraoperative fracture morphology, fixation difficulty, and six-month functional outcome in proximal humerus fractures.
30. Observer-agreement study assessing interobserver and intraobserver reliability of Neer and AO/OTA classifications for proximal humerus fractures.
31. Prospective observational study of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for proximal humerus fractures with emphasis on union, alignment, complications, and shoulder function.
32. Correlation between greater tuberosity displacement and postoperative abduction, external rotation, and functional outcome following proximal humerus fracture fixation.
33. Comparative assessment of functional recovery after proximal humerus fracture fixation in patients younger and older than 60 years.
34. Association between radiographic indicators of osteoporosis and fracture complexity, fixation quality, and early outcome in proximal humerus fractures.
35. Prospective study of screw position, calcar screw placement, and humeral head perforation as determinants of short-term outcome after PHILOS plating.
36. Case-control analysis of risk factors for postoperative varus collapse after locking plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures.
37. Retrospective evaluation of early postoperative complications following proximal humerus fracture fixation and their association with fracture pattern and surgical technique.
38. Comparative study of early versus delayed mobilization following stable fixation of proximal humerus fractures and its effect on shoulder stiffness and function.
39. Correlation between preoperative CT-based fracture morphology and intraoperative fixation strategy in complex proximal humerus fractures.
40. Prospective assessment of pain, range of motion, and functional recovery following nonoperative management of minimally displaced proximal humerus fractures.
41. Identification of patient-, fracture-, and surgery-related predictors of poor six-month functional outcome following proximal humerus fractures.
42. Humeral Shaft Fractures
43. Prospective comparison of functional bracing and operative fixation for humeral shaft fractures with respect to union, alignment, pain, and six-month upper-limb function.
44. Comparative evaluation of plate osteosynthesis and intramedullary nailing for humeral shaft fractures with respect to union, shoulder function, elbow function, and complications.
45. Prospective observational assessment of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for humeral shaft fractures with emphasis on union, radial nerve function, and early functional recovery.
46. Comparative study of open plate fixation versus minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for humeral shaft fractures in adults.
47. Correlation between fracture level, morphology, and displacement with the occurrence of primary radial nerve palsy in humeral shaft fractures.
48. Prospective observational assessment of neurological recovery in patients with primary radial nerve palsy associated with closed humeral shaft fractures.
49. Case-control study of fracture- and treatment-related factors associated with radial nerve palsy following humeral shaft fractures.
50. Comparative evaluation of anterior and posterior plate fixation for middle- and distal-third humeral shaft fractures with respect to union and neurological complications.
51. Correlation between AO/OTA fracture classification and time to union, complications, and six-month functional outcome in humeral shaft fractures.
52. Retrospective analytical study of risk factors for delayed union and nonunion after conservative or operative management of humeral shaft fractures.
53. Comparative evaluation of antegrade intramedullary nailing and plating for humeral shaft fractures with emphasis on shoulder morbidity and functional recovery.
54. Prospective study of fracture alignment following functional bracing and its relationship with cosmetic deformity and functional outcome.
55. Association between smoking, diabetes, body mass index, and delayed union in adult humeral shaft fractures.
56. Correlation of radiographic callus progression with clinical union and functional recovery following humeral shaft fracture treatment.
57. Prospective comparison of early and delayed surgical fixation of humeral shaft fractures with respect to operative difficulty, union, and short-term outcome.
58. Retrospective analysis of infection, implant failure, nerve injury, and reoperation following humeral shaft fracture fixation.
59. Comparative study of union and functional outcome in transverse, oblique, spiral, and comminuted humeral shaft fractures.
60. Prospective assessment of elbow and shoulder range of motion following operative fixation of humeral shaft fractures.
61. Correlation between initial fracture gap after fixation and time to radiological union in humeral shaft fractures.
62. Development of a clinicoradiological model to predict delayed union and poor six-month functional outcome after humeral shaft fractures.
63. Distal Humerus Fractures
64. Prospective assessment of radiological union, elbow range of motion, pain, and six-month functional outcome following dual-plate fixation of adult distal humerus fractures.
65. Comparative evaluation of parallel versus orthogonal dual plating for intra-articular distal humerus fractures with respect to union, stability, complications, and elbow function.
66. Correlation between quality of articular reduction on postoperative radiographs and six-month functional outcome following distal humerus fracture fixation.
67. Comparative study of olecranon osteotomy and paratricipital approaches for intra-articular distal humerus fractures with respect to exposure, operative time, union, and elbow function.
68. Prospective observational evaluation of triceps-sparing fixation for selected distal humerus fractures with emphasis on extension strength and early functional recovery.
69. Correlation of AO/OTA fracture classification with surgical complexity, complications, and six-month functional outcome in adult distal humerus fractures.
70. Observer-agreement study evaluating reliability of AO/OTA classification of distal humerus fractures using radiographs and computed tomography.
71. Prospective study of postoperative elbow stiffness following distal humerus fracture fixation and identification of modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors.
72. Case-control analysis of factors associated with ulnar neuropathy following operative fixation of distal humerus fractures.
73. Comparative evaluation of routine anterior transposition versus in-situ preservation of the ulnar nerve during distal humerus fracture fixation.
74. Correlation between surgical delay and postoperative range of motion, union, complications, and functional outcome after distal humerus fractures.
75. Prospective assessment of early controlled mobilization following stable distal humerus fixation and its effect on elbow stiffness and function.
76. Retrospective analysis of complications following distal humerus fracture fixation, including infection, nonunion, implant failure, heterotopic ossification, and neuropathy.
77. Comparative study of outcomes following fixation of simple versus highly comminuted intra-articular distal humerus fractures.
78. Association between patient age, bone quality, and fixation stability in adult distal humerus fractures.
79. Correlation between postoperative carrying angle and functional outcome following distal humerus fracture fixation.
80. Prospective evaluation of olecranon osteotomy union and osteotomy-related morbidity after fixation of intra-articular distal humerus fractures.
81. Comparison of early functional outcomes following distal humerus fracture fixation in younger adults and elderly patients.
82. Correlation between preoperative CT findings and intraoperative articular fracture morphology in complex distal humerus fractures.
83. Identification of clinicoradiological predictors of poor six-month elbow function following operative treatment of distal humerus fractures.
84. Olecranon Fractures
85. Prospective comparison of tension-band wiring and plate fixation for displaced simple olecranon fractures with respect to union, elbow motion, complications, and function.
86. Prospective observational assessment of locking plate fixation for comminuted olecranon fractures with emphasis on reduction quality, union, and six-month functional outcome.
87. Correlation between Mayo fracture classification and operative complexity, complications, and functional recovery following olecranon fracture treatment.
88. Comparative evaluation of conventional tension-band wiring and low-profile plate fixation for simple transverse olecranon fractures.
89. Retrospective analysis of implant prominence, symptomatic hardware, infection, and implant removal following operative treatment of olecranon fractures.
90. Prospective assessment of early elbow mobilization following stable olecranon fracture fixation and its association with range of motion and functional recovery.
91. Correlation between articular step-off after fixation and pain, elbow motion, and functional outcome in displaced olecranon fractures.
92. Case-control study of patient- and fracture-related factors associated with fixation failure following operative treatment of olecranon fractures.
93. Comparative study of functional outcome following operative management of olecranon fractures in younger and elderly adults.
94. Prospective assessment of triceps strength and extension deficit after plate fixation of olecranon fractures.
95. Association between fracture comminution and postoperative stiffness following surgical fixation of olecranon fractures.
96. Comparative evaluation of intramedullary screw fixation and tension-band wiring for selected simple olecranon fractures.
97. Correlation of radiological union with clinical pain and functional recovery following olecranon fracture fixation.
98. Retrospective study of postoperative ulnar neuropathy following operative treatment of olecranon fractures and associated risk factors.
99. Comparative assessment of outcomes in isolated olecranon fractures versus olecranon fractures associated with additional elbow injuries.
100. Prospective study of scar-related symptoms and posterior elbow discomfort following different fixation constructs for olecranon fractures.
101. Correlation between time to surgery and early postoperative range of motion following displaced olecranon fractures.
102. Observer-agreement study of Mayo and AO/OTA classifications for olecranon fractures using radiographs and CT imaging.
103. Prospective evaluation of conservative management of minimally displaced olecranon fractures with respect to union, extension strength, and functional outcome.
104. Identification of predictors of poor six-month functional outcome following operative and nonoperative treatment of olecranon fractures.
105. Radial Head and Neck Fractures
106. Prospective observational assessment of pain, forearm rotation, elbow range of motion, and six-month functional outcome following treatment of radial head fractures.
107. Comparative evaluation of conservative management and operative fixation for selected Mason type II radial head fractures.
108. Prospective comparison of open reduction internal fixation and radial head replacement for unreconstructable Mason type III radial head fractures.
109. Correlation between Mason classification and associated ligamentous or osseous injuries in adults with radial head fractures.
110. Diagnostic accuracy of plain radiography compared with computed tomography for classification of comminuted radial head fractures.
111. Observer-agreement study evaluating reliability of Mason classification using radiographs and CT scans.
112. Correlation between radiographic displacement of radial head fractures and mechanical restriction of forearm rotation.
113. Prospective study of early mobilization following nonoperative treatment of minimally displaced radial head fractures and its effect on elbow stiffness.
114. Retrospective analysis of postoperative complications following fixation of radial head fractures, including stiffness, heterotopic ossification, and implant-related symptoms.
115. Case-control study of predictors of poor functional outcome following radial head fractures.
116. Comparative assessment of screw fixation versus mini-plate fixation for selected radial head fractures.
117. Correlation between restoration of radial head anatomy and forearm rotation following operative fixation.
118. Prospective evaluation of radial neck fractures in adults treated operatively, with emphasis on alignment, union, and elbow function.
119. Comparison of short-term outcomes in isolated radial head fractures versus radial head fractures associated with elbow dislocation.
120. Association between fracture comminution and early postoperative stiffness after radial head fracture surgery.
121. Retrospective study of missed associated injuries in apparently isolated radial head fractures and their effect on early outcomes.
122. Correlation between time to mobilization and six-month elbow range of motion following radial head fractures.
123. Prospective evaluation of elbow stability following fixation or replacement for complex radial head fractures.
124. Comparative assessment of functional outcomes after treatment of radial head fractures in younger versus older adult patients.
125. Development of a clinicoradiological prediction model for poor early outcome after radial head and neck fractures.
126. Both-Bone Forearm Fractures
127. Prospective assessment of radiological union, forearm rotation, grip strength, and six-month functional outcome following plate fixation of adult both-bone forearm fractures.
128. Comparative evaluation of conventional compression plating and locking compression plating for adult both-bone forearm fractures.
129. Correlation between restoration of radial bow and forearm pronation-supination following operative fixation of both-bone forearm fractures.
130. Prospective observational study of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for selected forearm fractures with emphasis on union and functional recovery.
131. Correlation of fracture level and morphology with postoperative forearm rotation following plate fixation.
132. Retrospective analytical study of risk factors for delayed union or nonunion following both-bone forearm fracture fixation.
133. Case-control analysis of patient-, injury-, and treatment-related factors associated with postoperative infection after forearm fracture surgery.
134. Comparative study of early versus delayed fixation of both-bone forearm fractures with respect to reduction, operative time, union, and function.
135. Correlation between postoperative interosseous space restoration and forearm rotation following fixation of radius and ulna fractures.
136. Prospective evaluation of grip strength recovery following plate fixation of both-bone forearm fractures.
137. Comparison of functional outcome in middle-third versus distal-third both-bone forearm fractures following operative fixation.
138. Retrospective study of implant-related complications after plate fixation of adult forearm fractures.
139. Correlation between residual angulation and limitation of pronation-supination after both-bone forearm fracture treatment.
140. Prospective assessment of postoperative radioulnar synostosis and associated risk factors following forearm fracture fixation.
141. Comparison of open reduction internal fixation and minimally invasive techniques for selected adult radius and ulna fractures.
142. Association between open fracture severity and early union and functional outcome after both-bone forearm fractures.
143. Correlation of AO/OTA fracture classification with time to union and six-month functional outcome in adult forearm fractures.
144. Prospective study of return of activities of daily living following operative management of both-bone forearm fractures.
145. Comparative analysis of functional outcome in isolated both-bone forearm fractures versus fractures with associated upper-limb injuries.
146. Identification of clinicoradiological predictors of poor six-month functional outcome following adult both-bone forearm fractures.
147. Distal Radius Fractures
148. Prospective assessment of radiological alignment, wrist range of motion, grip strength, and six-month functional outcome following volar locking plate fixation of distal radius fractures.
149. Comparative evaluation of volar locking plate fixation and closed reduction with external fixation for unstable distal radius fractures.
150. Comparative study of volar plating and percutaneous K-wire fixation for selected unstable distal radius fractures.
151. Correlation between restoration of radial height, radial inclination, and volar tilt with six-month functional outcome after distal radius fractures.
152. Correlation between intra-articular step-off and wrist pain, motion, grip strength, and functional outcome following distal radius fracture treatment.
153. Prospective comparison of operative versus conservative treatment of displaced distal radius fractures in elderly adults.
154. Observer-agreement study evaluating reliability of Frykman, Fernandez, and AO/OTA classifications for distal radius fractures.
155. Diagnostic comparison of radiographs and computed tomography for detection and characterization of intra-articular distal radius fractures.
156. Prospective assessment of early versus delayed wrist mobilization following volar plate fixation of distal radius fractures.
157. Retrospective analytical study of complications following volar locking plate fixation, including tendon irritation, neuropathy, infection, and loss of reduction.
158. Association between dorsal comminution and loss of reduction following conservative treatment of distal radius fractures.
159. Case-control study of risk factors for redisplacement following closed reduction and cast immobilization of distal radius fractures.
160. Correlation between ulnar variance restoration and functional outcome following distal radius fracture fixation.
161. Prospective assessment of distal radioulnar joint stability after treatment of distal radius fractures and its relationship with functional recovery.
162. Comparative evaluation of outcomes in extra-articular versus intra-articular distal radius fractures treated with volar locking plates.
163. Correlation between fracture severity and median nerve symptoms in patients with distal radius fractures.
164. Prospective assessment of grip strength recovery after operative treatment of distal radius fractures.
165. Retrospective study of distal radius malalignment at union and its association with short-term patient-reported outcomes.
166. Association between osteoporosis indicators and fracture complexity, reduction maintenance, and early outcome in distal radius fractures.
167. Development of a clinicoradiological model for predicting poor six-month function following distal radius fractures.
168. Scaphoid Fractures
169. Prospective evaluation of radiological union, pain, grip strength, wrist motion, and six-month functional outcome following operative fixation of acute scaphoid waist fractures.
170. Comparative assessment of conservative cast treatment and percutaneous screw fixation for acute nondisplaced or minimally displaced scaphoid waist fractures.
171. Diagnostic accuracy of plain radiographs and MRI for clinically suspected occult scaphoid fractures using CT or follow-up imaging as reference.
172. Diagnostic comparison of CT and MRI for assessment of scaphoid fracture displacement and occult fracture morphology.
173. Correlation between scaphoid fracture location and time to radiological union following treatment.
174. Prospective assessment of percutaneous screw fixation for scaphoid waist fractures with emphasis on union, return of wrist motion, and functional recovery.
175. Correlation between initial fracture gap and subsequent union in conservatively and operatively managed scaphoid fractures.
176. Case-control study of patient- and injury-related risk factors associated with delayed union of acute scaphoid fractures.
177. Comparative evaluation of proximal pole and waist scaphoid fractures with respect to union and six-month wrist function.
178. Retrospective study of missed scaphoid fractures presenting late and their clinical and radiological characteristics.
179. Association between smoking and delayed union following scaphoid fracture treatment.
180. Correlation of CT evidence of bridging trabeculae with clinical tenderness and functional recovery following scaphoid fractures.
181. Prospective assessment of early wrist mobilization following stable percutaneous scaphoid fixation.
182. Comparative evaluation of dorsal versus volar screw insertion for selected scaphoid fractures with respect to screw position and function.
183. Observer-agreement study assessing reproducibility of scaphoid fracture classification and displacement measurement on radiographs and CT.
184. Correlation between screw centrality and radiological union following internal fixation of scaphoid waist fractures.
185. Prospective assessment of grip strength and wrist range-of-motion recovery after scaphoid fracture fixation.
186. Retrospective analysis of complications following scaphoid fracture fixation, including prominent hardware, stiffness, delayed union, and infection.
187. Comparison of functional outcome between early-diagnosed and delayed-diagnosed scaphoid fractures treated within a postgraduate orthopaedic unit.
188. Identification of clinicoradiological predictors of delayed union and poor six-month functional outcome following acute scaphoid fractures.
189. Pelvic Ring and Acetabular Fractures
190. Prospective observational assessment of early functional recovery, pain, mobility, and radiological alignment following treatment of pelvic ring fractures.
191. Correlation between Young-Burgess pelvic fracture classification and haemodynamic instability, transfusion requirement, and associated injuries at presentation.
192. Correlation between Tile classification and short-term mobility and functional outcome following pelvic ring fractures.
193. Retrospective analysis of injury patterns and associated abdominal, urological, neurological, and skeletal injuries in patients with pelvic ring fractures.
194. Comparative evaluation of operative versus nonoperative treatment for selected lateral compression pelvic ring injuries with respect to pain and early mobility.
195. Prospective assessment of percutaneous sacroiliac screw fixation for posterior pelvic ring injuries with emphasis on reduction accuracy, neurological status, and early function.
196. Diagnostic comparison of plain radiographs and CT for classification and operative planning of pelvic ring injuries.
197. Correlation between residual pelvic displacement and six-month pain, gait, and functional outcome after pelvic ring injuries.
198. Case-control study of factors associated with blood transfusion requirement in pelvic and acetabular fractures.
199. Prospective observational assessment of radiological reduction and six-month hip function following operative fixation of acetabular fractures.
200. Correlation between Letournel acetabular fracture pattern and quality of postoperative reduction.
201. Diagnostic agreement between radiographs and 3D CT in classification of acetabular fractures and surgical planning.
202. Correlation between quality of acetabular reduction and six-month hip function following open reduction and internal fixation.
203. Prospective comparison of early versus delayed fixation of acetabular fractures with respect to operative complexity, reduction quality, and functional recovery.
204. Retrospective analysis of complications following acetabular fracture fixation, including infection, nerve injury, heterotopic ossification, and early post-traumatic arthritis.
205. Association between posterior wall fragment size and hip stability in posterior wall acetabular fractures.
206. Correlation between associated hip dislocation and early functional outcome in acetabular fractures.
207. Comparative assessment of outcomes in isolated acetabular fractures versus acetabular fractures with associated pelvic ring injuries.
208. Prospective assessment of weight-bearing progression and short-term functional recovery following stable fixation of acetabular fractures.
209. Identification of clinicoradiological predictors of poor six-month functional outcome after pelvic and acetabular fractures.
210. Neck of Femur Fractures
211. Prospective assessment of pain, mobility, complications, and six-month functional outcome following internal fixation of femoral neck fractures in young adults.
212. Comparative evaluation of multiple cancellous screw fixation and dynamic hip screw fixation for selected femoral neck fractures.
213. Correlation between Garden classification and early functional outcome following treatment of intracapsular femoral neck fractures.
214. Observer-agreement study assessing reliability of Garden and Pauwels classifications for femoral neck fractures.
215. Correlation between Pauwels angle and fixation failure or delayed union following internal fixation of femoral neck fractures.
216. Prospective comparison of cannulated cancellous screw configurations with respect to reduction maintenance, union, and functional recovery.
217. Association between quality of reduction and six-month outcome following internal fixation of femoral neck fractures.
218. Case-control study of factors associated with fixation failure following internal fixation of femoral neck fractures.
219. Correlation between time from injury to surgery and early radiological and functional outcome in young adults with femoral neck fractures.
220. Prospective assessment of hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients with emphasis on mobility and early complications.
221. Comparative evaluation of cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures in older adults.
222. Comparison of bipolar and unipolar hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures with respect to pain, mobility, and six-month function.
223. Prospective comparison of hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty in selected active elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures.
224. Retrospective analysis of early postoperative complications following arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures.
225. Association between pre-injury ambulatory status and six-month mobility following surgery for femoral neck fractures.
226. Correlation between postoperative limb-length discrepancy and functional outcome following hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures.
227. Prospective assessment of early mobilization after surgery for femoral neck fractures and its association with short-term functional recovery.
228. Case-control study of factors associated with postoperative mortality or major medical complications within six months of femoral neck fracture surgery.
229. Comparative analysis of functional recovery after femoral neck fractures in patients with and without major medical comorbidities.
230. Development of a clinical prediction model for poor six-month mobility following surgical treatment of femoral neck fractures.
231. Intertrochanteric Fractures
232. Prospective assessment of radiological union, mobility, pain, and six-month functional outcome following proximal femoral nail fixation of intertrochanteric fractures.
233. Comparative evaluation of proximal femoral nail and dynamic hip screw fixation for stable intertrochanteric fractures.
234. Comparative evaluation of proximal femoral nail and dynamic hip screw fixation for unstable intertrochanteric fractures.
235. Correlation between Tip-Apex Distance and early fixation failure following cephalomedullary fixation of intertrochanteric fractures.
236. Correlation between quality of fracture reduction and six-month functional outcome following proximal femoral nailing of intertrochanteric fractures.
237. Prospective study of varus versus acceptable reduction and their association with implant position, collapse, and functional recovery.
238. Association between lateral wall integrity and fixation stability in intertrochanteric fractures.
239. Correlation between Singh index or other radiographic osteoporosis indicators and fixation-related complications in intertrochanteric fractures.
240. Prospective comparison of short versus long proximal femoral nails for selected intertrochanteric fractures.
241. Retrospective analysis of implant-related complications following proximal femoral nail fixation of intertrochanteric fractures.
242. Case-control study of factors associated with excessive fracture collapse following fixation of intertrochanteric fractures.
243. Prospective assessment of early weight-bearing after stable fixation of intertrochanteric fractures and its impact on short-term mobility.
244. Correlation between pre-injury ambulatory status and six-month functional recovery following intertrochanteric fracture surgery.
245. Comparative evaluation of functional outcomes in stable versus unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated with cephalomedullary nails.
246. Association between surgical delay and postoperative complications, length of stay, and early mobility after intertrochanteric fractures.
247. Correlation between cephalic screw position and radiological outcome following proximal femoral nail fixation.
248. Prospective assessment of blood loss and transfusion requirement following different fixation methods for intertrochanteric fractures.
249. Comparative study of early functional recovery following proximal femoral nail fixation in patients with and without osteoporosis.
250. Retrospective evaluation of perioperative complications in elderly patients undergoing surgery for intertrochanteric fractures.
251. Identification of patient-, fracture-, and implant-related predictors of poor six-month outcome following intertrochanteric fractures.
252. Subtrochanteric Fractures
253. Prospective assessment of radiological union, alignment, pain, and six-month functional outcome following cephalomedullary nailing of subtrochanteric femur fractures.
254. Correlation between quality of reduction and time to union following intramedullary fixation of subtrochanteric fractures.
255. Comparative evaluation of open versus minimally invasive reduction techniques during cephalomedullary nailing of subtrochanteric fractures.
256. Association between medial cortical continuity and radiological union after fixation of subtrochanteric fractures.
257. Correlation between postoperative varus alignment and delayed union or implant failure following subtrochanteric fracture fixation.
258. Retrospective analytical study of risk factors for delayed union and nonunion following subtrochanteric femur fractures.
259. Case-control study of factors associated with implant failure after cephalomedullary nailing of subtrochanteric fractures.
260. Prospective comparison of short-term outcomes in simple and comminuted subtrochanteric fracture patterns.
261. Correlation between Seinsheimer classification and operative difficulty, reduction quality, and six-month functional outcome.
262. Observer-agreement study assessing reliability of commonly used classifications for subtrochanteric femur fractures.
263. Prospective assessment of early weight-bearing following stable fixation of subtrochanteric fractures and its association with functional recovery.
264. Comparative study of long cephalomedullary nail and proximal femoral locking plate fixation for selected subtrochanteric fractures.
265. Correlation between fracture gap after fixation and time to radiological union in subtrochanteric fractures.
266. Association between lateral cortical comminution and fixation outcome in subtrochanteric fractures.
267. Retrospective analysis of intraoperative complications during cephalomedullary nailing of subtrochanteric fractures.
268. Comparative evaluation of functional recovery in traumatic versus low-energy subtrochanteric fractures.
269. Correlation between patient age, bone quality, and early fixation outcome in subtrochanteric fractures.
270. Prospective assessment of limb-length discrepancy and gait recovery following fixation of subtrochanteric fractures.
271. Association between time to surgery and early mobility, union, and complications following subtrochanteric femur fractures.
272. Development of a clinicoradiological model for predicting delayed union and poor short-term outcome after subtrochanteric fractures.
273. Femoral Shaft Fractures
274. Prospective assessment of radiological union, limb alignment, knee motion, and six-month functional outcome following intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures.
275. Comparative evaluation of antegrade and retrograde intramedullary nailing for selected femoral shaft fractures.
276. Correlation between fracture comminution and time to union following intramedullary fixation of femoral shaft fractures.
277. Association between postoperative fracture gap and delayed union after femoral shaft nailing.
278. Correlation between coronal and sagittal malalignment and functional outcome after femoral shaft fracture fixation.
279. Prospective assessment of rotational malalignment following intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures and its association with gait and function.
280. Diagnostic comparison of clinical examination and CT-based methods for detecting rotational malalignment after femoral shaft fractures.
281. Retrospective analytical study of risk factors associated with delayed union and nonunion following femoral shaft fractures.
282. Case-control study of factors associated with infection following operative fixation of open femoral shaft fractures.
283. Comparative evaluation of reamed versus unreamed intramedullary nailing for selected femoral shaft fractures.
284. Prospective assessment of knee pain and knee function following antegrade versus retrograde femoral nailing.
285. Correlation between entry point accuracy and postoperative alignment after intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures.
286. Comparative study of union and six-month functional outcome in closed and open femoral shaft fractures.
287. Association between fracture level and time to union after intramedullary nailing.
288. Prospective evaluation of early weight-bearing after statically locked intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures.
289. Retrospective analysis of hardware-related complications following intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures.
290. Correlation between associated injuries and delayed functional recovery in patients with femoral shaft fractures.
291. Prospective assessment of limb-length discrepancy after femoral shaft fracture fixation and its functional implications.
292. Comparative evaluation of functional recovery in isolated femoral shaft fractures versus femoral fractures in polytrauma patients.
293. Identification of patient-, injury-, and fixation-related predictors of poor six-month outcome after femoral shaft fractures.
294. Distal Femur Fractures
295. Prospective assessment of radiological union, knee range of motion, pain, and six-month functional outcome following locking plate fixation of distal femur fractures.
296. Comparative evaluation of distal femoral locking plate and retrograde intramedullary nail fixation for selected distal femur fractures.
297. Correlation between quality of reduction and six-month knee function following operative treatment of distal femur fractures.
298. Association between medial comminution and loss of alignment following lateral locking plate fixation of distal femur fractures.
299. Correlation between working length of locking plates and radiological union in distal femur fractures.
300. Prospective assessment of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for distal femur fractures with respect to union, alignment, and functional recovery.
301. Comparative evaluation of minimally invasive and open plating techniques for distal femur fractures.
302. Retrospective analytical study of risk factors for delayed union and nonunion after distal femur fracture fixation.
303. Case-control study of factors associated with implant failure following locking plate fixation of distal femur fractures.
304. Correlation of AO/OTA classification with operative complexity, union, and six-month functional outcome in distal femur fractures.
305. Observer-agreement study evaluating reliability of AO/OTA classification of distal femur fractures on radiographs and CT.
306. Prospective evaluation of early knee mobilization following stable fixation of distal femur fractures.
307. Association between postoperative alignment and knee function following distal femur fracture fixation.
308. Comparative assessment of outcomes in extra-articular versus intra-articular distal femur fractures.
309. Correlation between articular reduction quality and knee pain and function in intra-articular distal femur fractures.
310. Retrospective analysis of postoperative stiffness after distal femur fracture fixation and associated risk factors.
311. Prospective evaluation of weight-bearing progression after distal femur fracture fixation and its relationship with functional recovery.
312. Comparative assessment of distal femur fracture outcomes in younger adults and elderly patients.
313. Association between osteoporosis indicators and fixation failure in elderly distal femur fractures.
314. Development of a clinicoradiological prediction model for delayed union and poor six-month outcome following distal femur fractures.
315. Patellar Fractures
316. Prospective assessment of radiological union, knee range of motion, extensor strength, and six-month functional outcome following operative fixation of patellar fractures.
317. Comparative evaluation of tension-band wiring and cannulated screw-based fixation for displaced transverse patellar fractures.
318. Comparative study of conventional stainless-steel tension-band wiring and alternative low-profile fixation techniques for displaced patellar fractures.
319. Correlation between postoperative articular congruity and anterior knee pain following operative treatment of patellar fractures.
320. Association between fracture comminution and postoperative extensor lag following fixation of patellar fractures.
321. Prospective assessment of locking plate fixation for comminuted patellar fractures with emphasis on union and knee function.
322. Retrospective analysis of implant prominence, migration, breakage, infection, and hardware removal following patellar fracture fixation.
323. Case-control study of factors associated with postoperative knee stiffness after operative treatment of patellar fractures.
324. Correlation between time to mobilization and six-month knee range of motion after patellar fracture fixation.
325. Prospective comparison of early and delayed knee mobilization following stable fixation of patellar fractures.
326. Correlation between residual articular step-off and functional outcome after patellar fracture surgery.
327. Comparative evaluation of functional outcomes following fixation of simple transverse versus comminuted patellar fractures.
328. Prospective assessment of quadriceps strength recovery after operative fixation of patellar fractures.
329. Association between fracture pattern and fixation method selected for operative treatment of patellar fractures.
330. Observer-agreement study assessing reproducibility of commonly used patellar fracture classifications.
331. Retrospective study of complications after partial patellectomy for unreconstructable patellar fractures.
332. Comparative evaluation of fixation and partial patellectomy for selected severely comminuted inferior-pole patellar fractures.
333. Prospective assessment of functional outcome following conservative treatment of minimally displaced patellar fractures.
334. Correlation between radiological union and clinical recovery following patellar fracture treatment.
335. Identification of patient-, fracture-, and treatment-related predictors of poor six-month functional outcome after patellar fractures.
336. Tibial Plateau Fractures
337. Prospective assessment of radiological union, knee range of motion, pain, and six-month functional outcome following operative fixation of tibial plateau fractures.
338. Correlation between Schatzker classification and six-month functional outcome following treatment of tibial plateau fractures.
339. Observer-agreement study comparing Schatzker and AO/OTA classifications using radiographs and CT scans in tibial plateau fractures.
340. Diagnostic comparison of plain radiography and CT for defining articular depression, condylar widening, and fracture morphology in tibial plateau fractures.
341. Correlation between residual articular depression and functional outcome after tibial plateau fracture fixation.
342. Correlation between condylar widening restoration and knee stability following operative treatment of tibial plateau fractures.
343. Comparative evaluation of single-incision and dual-incision fixation strategies for bicondylar tibial plateau fractures.
344. Prospective assessment of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for selected tibial plateau fractures with emphasis on soft-tissue complications and functional recovery.
345. Comparative evaluation of locking plate fixation versus hybrid external fixation for selected high-energy tibial plateau fractures.
346. Retrospective analysis of surgical-site infection following tibial plateau fracture fixation and associated risk factors.
347. Case-control study of patient-, injury-, and surgery-related predictors of postoperative infection after tibial plateau fractures.
348. Prospective assessment of early knee mobilization following stable fixation of tibial plateau fractures and its association with stiffness.
349. Correlation between time to definitive fixation and wound complications in high-energy tibial plateau fractures.
350. Association between meniscal injury identified during surgery and six-month functional outcome after tibial plateau fractures.
351. Correlation between MRI-detected ligamentous injuries and clinical knee instability following tibial plateau fractures.
352. Comparative assessment of outcomes in low-energy versus high-energy tibial plateau fractures.
353. Correlation between postoperative mechanical-axis alignment and functional outcome following tibial plateau fracture fixation.
354. Prospective evaluation of staged management for high-energy tibial plateau fractures with compromised soft tissues.
355. Retrospective analysis of postoperative knee stiffness and factors associated with restricted motion following tibial plateau fixation.
356. Development of a clinicoradiological model for predicting poor six-month outcome after tibial plateau fractures.
357. Tibial Shaft Fractures
358. Prospective assessment of radiological union, limb alignment, pain, and six-month functional outcome following intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures.
359. Comparative evaluation of intramedullary nailing and plate fixation for selected distal-third tibial shaft fractures.
360. Correlation between fracture morphology and time to union following intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures.
361. Association between postoperative fracture gap and delayed union following tibial intramedullary nailing.
362. Prospective evaluation of suprapatellar versus infrapatellar tibial nailing with respect to alignment, knee pain, and functional outcome.
363. Comparative assessment of reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing for tibial shaft fractures.
364. Retrospective analytical study of risk factors for delayed union and nonunion following tibial shaft fractures.
365. Case-control study of factors associated with infection after operative treatment of open tibial shaft fractures.
366. Correlation between Gustilo-Anderson grade and union, infection, and six-month function in open tibial shaft fractures.
367. Prospective assessment of early weight-bearing following intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures.
368. Association between time to debridement and infection in open tibial shaft fractures.
369. Correlation between coronal or sagittal malalignment and functional outcome following tibial shaft fracture fixation.
370. Comparative evaluation of union and functional outcome in closed versus open tibial shaft fractures.
371. Prospective study of anterior knee pain following intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures.
372. Correlation between nail entry point and anterior knee pain following tibial nailing.
373. Retrospective analysis of implant-related complications following intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures.
374. Prospective assessment of compartment syndrome incidence and early outcomes in high-energy tibial shaft fractures.
375. Association between fibular fracture level and tibial alignment following operative fixation of tibial shaft fractures.
376. Comparative assessment of functional recovery in isolated tibial shaft fractures versus fractures with associated lower-limb injuries.
377. Identification of patient-, injury-, and treatment-related predictors of delayed union and poor six-month outcome after tibial shaft fractures.
378. Pilon Fractures
379. Prospective assessment of radiological union, ankle range of motion, pain, and six-month functional outcome following operative treatment of pilon fractures.
380. Correlation between Rüedi-Allgöwer classification and six-month functional outcome following pilon fractures.
381. Observer-agreement study evaluating reproducibility of Rüedi-Allgöwer and AO/OTA classifications for tibial pilon fractures.
382. Diagnostic comparison of plain radiographs and CT for classification, articular mapping, and surgical planning of pilon fractures.
383. Correlation between residual articular step-off and six-month pain and ankle function following pilon fracture fixation.
384. Comparative evaluation of staged fixation versus early definitive fixation in selected pilon fractures with respect to soft-tissue complications and functional recovery.
385. Prospective assessment of staged external fixation followed by definitive internal fixation for high-energy pilon fractures.
386. Comparative evaluation of anterolateral versus medial plating strategies for selected pilon fractures.
387. Retrospective analysis of wound complications and infection following operative fixation of pilon fractures.
388. Case-control study of factors associated with surgical-site infection following tibial pilon fracture fixation.
389. Correlation between soft-tissue swelling at presentation and timing of safe definitive fixation in pilon fractures.
390. Association between fracture severity and postoperative ankle stiffness following pilon fracture fixation.
391. Prospective study of early ankle mobilization following stable pilon fracture fixation and its relationship with six-month motion.
392. Correlation between postoperative distal tibial alignment and functional outcome following pilon fracture surgery.
393. Comparative assessment of open and closed pilon fractures with respect to union, infection, and short-term function.
394. Prospective evaluation of fibular fixation as an adjunct in selected pilon fractures and its association with alignment and stability.
395. Retrospective study of delayed union following pilon fractures and associated clinical and radiological factors.
396. Correlation between articular comminution on CT and operative complexity and early outcome in pilon fractures.
397. Prospective assessment of return to weight-bearing and daily activities following operative management of pilon fractures.
398. Development of a clinicoradiological prediction model for poor six-month functional outcome following tibial pilon fractures.
399. Ankle Fractures
400. Prospective assessment of radiological union, ankle range of motion, pain, and six-month functional outcome following operative fixation of unstable ankle fractures.
401. Correlation between Weber fracture classification and six-month functional outcome following ankle fracture treatment.
402. Observer-agreement study evaluating reproducibility of Weber, Lauge-Hansen, and AO/OTA classifications for ankle fractures.
403. Correlation between postoperative medial clear space and functional outcome following fixation of unstable ankle fractures.
404. Prospective comparison of operative and conservative management for selected isolated lateral malleolus fractures.
405. Comparative evaluation of conventional plating and locking plate fixation for distal fibular fractures.
406. Correlation between syndesmotic widening on radiographs and intraoperative syndesmotic instability in ankle fractures.
407. Diagnostic accuracy of preoperative radiographic and CT parameters for detecting syndesmotic injury using intraoperative testing as reference.
408. Prospective comparison of syndesmotic screw fixation and suture-button fixation for unstable syndesmotic injuries associated with ankle fractures.
409. Correlation between syndesmotic reduction on postoperative CT and six-month ankle function.
410. Comparative evaluation of tricortical versus quadricortical syndesmotic screw fixation with respect to stability and early functional outcome.
411. Prospective assessment of early versus delayed weight-bearing after stable fixation of ankle fractures.
412. Retrospective analysis of wound complications and infection following operative fixation of ankle fractures.
413. Case-control study of patient-, fracture-, and surgery-related factors associated with postoperative infection after ankle fracture fixation.
414. Correlation between posterior malleolar fragment size and syndesmotic instability in trimalleolar ankle fractures.
415. Comparative assessment of fixation versus non-fixation of selected posterior malleolar fragments with respect to reduction and early ankle function.
416. Correlation between quality of ankle mortise restoration and six-month functional outcome following ankle fracture fixation.
417. Comparative evaluation of functional outcomes in bimalleolar and trimalleolar ankle fractures following operative treatment.
418. Prospective assessment of ankle stiffness and return to daily activities following operative fixation of unstable ankle fractures.
419. Identification of clinicoradiological predictors of poor six-month functional outcome following surgically treated ankle fractures.