Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

1. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of Preoperative Clinical, Biochemical, and Ultrasonographic Predictors of Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Symptomatic Gallstone Disease at a Tertiary Care Hospital.
2. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Gallbladder Wall Thickness on Preoperative Ultrasonography and Intraoperative Technical Difficulty During Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
3. A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of Intraoperative Surgical Difficulty and Immediate Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Calculous Cholecystitis and Chronic Calculous Cholecystitis.
4. A Hospital-Based Observational Study of the Relationship Between Previous Episodes of Acute Cholecystitis and Intraoperative Adhesion Severity During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
5. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Duration, Intraoperative Complications, and Early Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Three-Port and Four-Port Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
6. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Body Mass Index and Technical Difficulty, Operative Duration, and Conversion to Open Surgery During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
7. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency, Anatomical Patterns, and Operative Significance of Variations in Calot Triangle Encountered During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
8. A Comparative Study of Intraoperative Surgical Difficulty and Same-Admission Postoperative Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
9. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Liver Function Test Abnormalities and Operative Findings in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Symptomatic Cholelithiasis.
10. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Feasibility of Achieving the Critical View of Safety and the Factors Associated With Failure to Achieve It During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
11. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Difficulty and Intraoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy After Previous Upper Abdominal Surgery and Those Without Previous Abdominal Surgery.
12. A Cross-Sectional Study of the Relationship Between Preoperative Ultrasonographic Gallbladder Contracture and Adhesion Severity During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
13. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Association Between Impacted Gallbladder Neck Calculi and Difficult Dissection During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
14. A Comparative Study of Intraoperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Solitary Gallstones and Multiple Gallstones at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital.
15. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Intraoperative Inflammatory Changes During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
16. A Prospective Observational Study of the Incidence and Anatomical Characteristics of Gallbladder Perforation During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Its Association With Operative Complexity.
17. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Duration, Haemostasis, and Immediate Postoperative Outcomes Following Electrocautery-Based and Ultrasonic Energy-Based Gallbladder Dissection.
18. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Age-Related Clinical Characteristics and Intraoperative Difficulty During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Elderly Patients.
19. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Common Bile Duct Diameter and Intraoperative Findings During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
20. A Hospital-Based Comparative Study of Intraoperative Complications and Early Recovery Parameters in Male and Female Patients Undergoing Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
21. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Diagnostic Agreement Between Preoperative Ultrasonographic Findings and Intraoperative Grading of Gallbladder Inflammation During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
22. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency of Subtotal Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and the Intraoperative Factors Necessitating This Bailout Procedure.
23. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Difficulty in Patients With Previous Endoscopic Clearance of Common Bile Duct Stones and Patients Undergoing Primary Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
24. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the Relationship Between Gallbladder Stone Size and Technical Difficulty During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
25. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Surgical Significance of Aberrant Cystic Artery Anatomy Encountered During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
26. A Comparative Study of Intraoperative Technical Difficulty and Immediate Postoperative Morbidity in Patients With Acute Cholecystitis Undergoing Early and Delayed Same-Admission Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
27. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Pericholecystic Fluid Collection and Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
28. A Hospital-Based Observational Study of the Frequency and Causes of Conversion From Laparoscopic to Open Cholecystectomy and Their Association With Preoperative Clinical Characteristics.
29. A Comparative Observational Study of Postoperative Shoulder Tip Pain and Early Analgesic Requirements Following Low-Pressure and Standard-Pressure Pneumoperitoneum During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
30. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Fatty Liver on Preoperative Ultrasonography and Intraoperative Exposure Difficulty During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
31. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency of Intraoperative Bile Spillage and Its Association With Gallbladder Inflammation, Stone Burden, and Operative Duration.
32. A Comparative Study of Operative Characteristics in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Gallbladder Polyps and Those Undergoing Surgery for Symptomatic Gallstones.
33. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the Association Between Preoperative Abdominal Wall Thickness and Difficulty of Laparoscopic Port Placement in Patients Undergoing Cholecystectomy.
34. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Operative Grading of Adhesions and Their Relationship With Prior Abdominal Surgical History During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
35. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Time, Intraoperative Haemostasis, and Postoperative Drain Requirement Following Fundus-First and Conventional Dissection Techniques in Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
36. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Duration of Gallstone-Related Symptoms and Intraoperative Severity of Gallbladder Fibrosis During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
37. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency and Characteristics of Unexpected Intraoperative Findings During Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
38. A Comparative Study of Immediate Postoperative Pain and Analgesic Consumption Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy With and Without Intraperitoneal Local Anaesthetic Instillation.
39. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the Association Between Elevated Preoperative C-Reactive Protein Levels and Intraoperative Difficulty During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis.
40. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Association Between Intraoperative Gallbladder Difficulty Grading and Postoperative Length of Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
41. A Comparative Observational Study of Port-Site Pain, Specimen Extraction Difficulty, and Immediate Wound Complications Following Umbilical and Epigastric Gallbladder Specimen Retrieval.
42. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Gallbladder Distension and Requirement for Needle Decompression During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
43. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Haemorrhage Patterns, Their Anatomical Sources, and Management Strategies During Elective and Emergency Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
44. A Comparative Study of Operative Difficulty and Early Hospital Outcomes in Patients With and Without Previous Acute Biliary Pancreatitis Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
45. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Ultrasonographic Pericholecystic Adhesion Indicators and Actual Adhesion Severity During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
46. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Factors Associated With Prolonged Operative Duration During Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy at a Teaching Hospital.
47. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Postoperative Nausea, Vomiting, and Analgesic Requirements Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Under Different Established Anaesthetic Protocols.
48. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Gallbladder Histopathological Inflammation and Documented Intraoperative Difficulty in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
49. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency of Accessory Bile Ducts and Other Unanticipated Biliary Anatomical Findings During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
50. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Operative Findings, Conversion Rates, and Same-Admission Complications in Elective and Emergency Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

Laparoscopic Appendectomy

51. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Clinical Scoring Systems and Intraoperative Severity of Acute Appendicitis During Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
52. A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of Intraoperative Findings and Immediate Postoperative Outcomes in Patients With Uncomplicated and Complicated Acute Appendicitis Undergoing Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
53. A Hospital-Based Observational Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Ultrasonographic Appendix Diameter and Intraoperative Inflammatory Severity During Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
54. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Postoperative Pain, and Same-Admission Morbidity Following Two-Port and Three-Port Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
55. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Perforated Appendicitis Confirmed During Laparoscopic Surgery.
56. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency, Anatomical Distribution, and Surgical Implications of Retrocecal Appendix Position During Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
57. A Comparative Observational Study of Laparoscopic Appendectomy Outcomes in Patients Presenting Within and After Forty-Eight Hours of Symptom Onset.
58. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Serum Bilirubin Concentration and Intraoperatively Confirmed Gangrenous or Perforated Appendicitis.
59. A Comparative Study of Operative Time, Intraoperative Safety, and Hospital Stay Following Endoloop Ligation and Intracorporeal Suture Ligation of the Appendicular Stump.
60. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative C-Reactive Protein Levels and Laparoscopic Findings of Appendicular Perforation or Abscess Formation.
61. A Cross-Sectional Study of the Frequency and Clinical Significance of Unexpected Gynaecological Findings During Diagnostic Laparoscopy for Suspected Acute Appendicitis in Female Patients.
62. A Comparative Observational Study of Intraoperative Complexity and Early Postoperative Outcomes in Obese and Non-Obese Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
63. A Hospital-Based Study Evaluating the Diagnostic Accuracy of Preoperative Ultrasonography Against Laparoscopic Findings in Patients With Suspected Acute Appendicitis.
64. A Prospective Observational Study of Appendicular Base Inflammation and Its Relationship With Stump Closure Technique and Operative Difficulty During Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
65. A Comparative Study of Immediate Postoperative Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Appendectomy for Appendicular Perforation With and Without Routine Intraperitoneal Drain Placement.
66. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Computed Tomography Findings and Actual Intraoperative Severity of Complicated Acute Appendicitis.
67. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Prevalence of Pelvic Appendix Position and Its Association With Atypical Clinical Presentation and Operative Findings.
68. A Comparative Study of Postoperative Pain, Early Mobilisation, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic Appendectomy Using Standard and Reduced-Diameter Working Ports.
69. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the Association Between Duration of Fever Before Admission and Gangrenous Changes Identified During Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
70. A Prospective Observational Study of Mesenteric Inflammation and Vascularity as Predictors of Technical Difficulty During Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
71. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Characteristics and Early Recovery in Paediatric and Adult Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Appendectomy at a General Surgery Teaching Hospital.
72. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative White Blood Cell Count and Laparoscopically Confirmed Complicated Acute Appendicitis.
73. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency and Operative Significance of Appendicular Faecaliths in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
74. A Comparative Study of Intraoperative Haemostasis, Operative Duration, and Early Complications Following Bipolar Energy and Conventional Electrocautery Division of the Mesoappendix.
75. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Agreement Between Clinical Diagnosis and Histopathological Findings in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Appendectomy for Suspected Acute Appendicitis.
76. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Characteristics of Negative Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Patients Presenting With Right Iliac Fossa Pain.
77. A Comparative Observational Study of Laparoscopic Appendectomy Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus During the Index Hospital Admission.
78. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Appendicular Mass on Imaging and Actual Operative Findings in Selected Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery.
79. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Peritoneal Contamination Patterns and Their Association With Early Hospital Morbidity in Perforated Appendicitis.
80. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Early Postoperative Pain, and Hospital Stay Following Daytime and Nighttime Emergency Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
81. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Alvarado Clinical Scores and Histopathologically Confirmed Appendicitis in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
82. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency of Incidental Meckel Diverticulum and Other Small Bowel Abnormalities Identified During Laparoscopic Exploration for Suspected Appendicitis.
83. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Postoperative Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Appendectomy Performed by Postgraduate Trainees Under Supervision and Experienced Consultant Surgeons.
84. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Intraoperative Appendicular Gangrene in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
85. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Appendicular Adhesion Severity and Previous Episodes of Right Lower Abdominal Pain.
86. A Comparative Study of Postoperative Ileus, Early Oral Intake, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic Appendectomy for Localised and Generalised Peritoneal Contamination.
87. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Appendicular Neoplasms Detected Incidentally on Histopathological Examination After Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
88. A Prospective Observational Study of the Association Between Preoperative Appendicular Diameter and Difficulty in Specimen Retrieval During Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
89. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Hospital Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Appendectomy With Specimen Retrieval Bags and Direct Controlled Specimen Extraction.
90. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Admission Serum Sodium Levels and Severity of Acute Appendicitis Demonstrated During Laparoscopic Surgery.
91. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Factors Associated With Conversion to Open Surgery During Attempted Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
92. A Comparative Study of Port-Site Pain and Immediate Wound Morbidity Following Umbilical and Suprapubic Appendix Specimen Extraction During Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
93. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Sonographic Periappendiceal Fat Changes and Operative Severity of Acute Appendicitis.
94. A Prospective Observational Study of the Diagnostic Yield of Systematic Laparoscopic Abdominal Exploration in Patients With Equivocal Clinical and Radiological Evidence of Acute Appendicitis.
95. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Difficulty and Early Recovery in Elderly and Younger Adult Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
96. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Pain Migration and Anatomical Location of the Inflamed Appendix at Laparoscopy.
97. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Appendicular Base Perforation and Its Association With Operative Technique Selection During Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
98. A Comparative Study of Immediate Postoperative Pain and Analgesic Requirements Following Intraperitoneal Local Anaesthetic Administration and Standard Analgesia During Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
99. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Admission-to-Surgery Interval and Intraoperative Severity of Acute Appendicitis in Patients Undergoing Emergency Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
100. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Operative Findings, Same-Admission Complications, and Length of Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic and Open Appendectomy for Acute Appendicitis.

Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair

101. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Clinical Hernia Characteristics and Intraoperative Technical Difficulty During Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair.
102. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Peritoneal Tears, and Immediate Postoperative Pain Following Transabdominal Preperitoneal and Totally Extraperitoneal Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair.
103. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Inguinal Hernia Defect Size and Operative Complexity During Laparoscopic Mesh Repair.
104. A Comparative Observational Study of Intraoperative Complications and Early Hospital Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Repair of Direct and Indirect Inguinal Hernias.
105. A Prospective Observational Study of Anatomical Variations in Inferior Epigastric Vessels and Their Surgical Significance During Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair.
106. A Comparative Study of Operative Time, Early Postoperative Pain, and Analgesic Requirements Following Mesh Fixation and Nonfixation During Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair.
107. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Body Mass Index and Technical Difficulty During Totally Extraperitoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair.
108. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Characteristics of Occult Contralateral Inguinal Hernias Detected During Transabdominal Preperitoneal Repair.
109. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration and Intraoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Repair of Unilateral and Bilateral Inguinal Hernias.
110. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Previous Lower Abdominal Surgery and Difficulty of Preperitoneal Space Dissection During Laparoscopic Hernia Repair.
111. A Prospective Observational Study of the Incidence and Anatomical Location of Peritoneal Breaches During Totally Extraperitoneal Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair.
112. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Postoperative Pain and Early Mobilisation Following Absorbable and Nonabsorbable Mesh Fixation Techniques in Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair.
113. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Duration of Inguinal Hernia Symptoms and Adhesion Severity Encountered During Laparoscopic Repair.
114. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency of Cord Lipomas and Their Relationship With Preoperative Groin Swelling During Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair.
115. A Comparative Study of Operative Findings and Immediate Postoperative Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Repair of Primary and Recurrent Inguinal Hernias.
116. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the Relationship Between Inguinal Hernia Sac Size and Difficulty of Sac Reduction During Laparoscopic Repair.
117. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Significance of Aberrant Obturator Vessels Encountered During Laparoscopic Groin Hernia Surgery.
118. A Comparative Observational Study of Postoperative Urinary Retention and Early Hospital Recovery Following Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair in Different Adult Age Groups.
119. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Groin Ultrasonography Findings and Intraoperative Hernia Classification During Laparoscopic Repair.
120. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Hernia Defect Location and Mesh Positioning Difficulty During Transabdominal Preperitoneal Repair.
121. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Early Pain Scores, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair Using Lightweight and Standard-Weight Polypropylene Mesh.
122. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Frequency of Femoral Hernia Components Detected Incidentally During Laparoscopic Repair of Clinically Diagnosed Inguinal Hernias.
123. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Vascular Injuries and Their Anatomical Distribution During Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair.
124. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Postoperative Seroma Formation Following Laparoscopic Repair of Large Direct Inguinal Hernias With and Without Defect Closure.
125. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Scrotal Extension and Technical Difficulty During Laparoscopic Inguinoscrotal Hernia Repair.
126. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency and Factors Associated With Conversion From Totally Extraperitoneal to Transabdominal Preperitoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair.
127. A Comparative Study of Operative Time and Intraoperative Complications Following Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair in Patients With and Without Previous Contralateral Hernia Surgery.
128. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Prostate Enlargement Symptoms and Immediate Postoperative Urinary Retention Following Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair.
129. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Surgical Anatomy of the Myopectineal Orifice and Its Relationship With Hernia Defect Distribution During Laparoscopic Groin Exploration.
130. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Postoperative Pain Following Laparoscopic Mesh Fixation With Sutures and Mechanical Fixation Devices.
131. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Occupational Physical Activity and Clinical Characteristics of Inguinal Hernias in Patients Selected for Laparoscopic Repair.
132. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency of Sliding Inguinal Hernias and Their Intraoperative Management During Laparoscopic Hernia Repair.
133. A Comparative Study of Immediate Postoperative Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair.
134. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Hernia Reducibility and Intraoperative Sac Dissection Difficulty During Laparoscopic Repair.
135. A Prospective Observational Study of the Occurrence and Intraoperative Management of Pneumoperitoneum During Totally Extraperitoneal Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair.
136. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Duration and Early Postoperative Discomfort Following Anatomical and Limited Sac Dissection Strategies in Selected Large Indirect Inguinal Hernias.
137. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Inguinal Hernia Defect Dimensions and Preperitoneal Mesh Overlap Achieved During Laparoscopic Repair.
138. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Unrecognised Concurrent Obturator and Femoral Defects During Laparoscopic Examination of the Groin.
139. A Comparative Study of Intraoperative Technical Difficulty and Same-Admission Recovery Following Laparoscopic Hernia Repair in Normal-Weight, Overweight, and Obese Adults.
140. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Immediate Complications, and Hospital Stay Following Open Mesh Repair and Laparoscopic Mesh Repair of Primary Inguinal Hernias.

Laparoscopic Ventral, Umbilical, and Incisional Hernia Repair

141. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Ventral Hernia Defect Dimensions and Intraoperative Complexity During Laparoscopic Mesh Repair.
142. A Comparative Study of Operative Time, Postoperative Pain, and Same-Admission Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Intraperitoneal Mesh Repair With and Without Primary Fascial Defect Closure.
143. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Computed Tomography Defect Measurements and Intraoperative Measurements During Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair.
144. A Prospective Observational Study of Intra-Abdominal Adhesion Severity and Its Association With Previous Abdominal Operations in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair.
145. A Comparative Study of Immediate Postoperative Pain and Analgesic Requirements Following Suture-Based and Mechanical Mesh Fixation During Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair.
146. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Body Mass Index and Intraoperative Technical Difficulty During Laparoscopic Umbilical Hernia Repair.
147. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Sites of Adhesiolysis-Related Serosal Injuries During Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair.
148. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Duration and Early Postoperative Morbidity in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Repair of Primary Ventral Hernias and Incisional Hernias.
149. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the Relationship Between Previous Surgical Incision Type and Anatomical Distribution of Incisional Hernia Defects.
150. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Hernia Sac Contents and Intraoperative Reduction Difficulty During Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair.
151. A Comparative Study of Postoperative Seroma Formation and Immediate Hospital Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Repair of Small and Large Ventral Hernia Defects.
152. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Prevalence of Rectus Diastasis and Its Association With Hernia Morphology in Patients Presenting for Laparoscopic Umbilical Hernia Repair.
153. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency and Management of Inadvertent Bowel Injuries During Laparoscopic Adhesiolysis for Incisional Hernia Repair.
154. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Time and Early Pain Following Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair Using Different Established Mesh Fixation Patterns.
155. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Previous Wound Infection and Adhesion Severity in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair.
156. A Prospective Observational Study of the Relationship Between Abdominal Wall Defect Location and Port Placement Strategy During Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair.
157. A Comparative Study of Immediate Postoperative Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Repair of Epigastric and Umbilical Hernias in Adult Patients.
158. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Abdominal Wall Ultrasonography Findings and Intraoperative Hernia Defect Characteristics.
159. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Multiple Occult Fascial Defects Discovered During Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair.
160. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Operative Complications, Early Pain, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic and Open Mesh Repair of Ventral Hernias.

Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery

161. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Computed Tomography Tumour Characteristics and Technical Difficulty During Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy for Colon Cancer.
162. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Blood Loss, and Same-Admission Recovery Following Laparoscopic and Open Right Hemicolectomy for Resectable Colon Cancer.
163. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Intraoperative Pelvic Dissection Difficulty During Laparoscopic Rectal Cancer Surgery.
164. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Anatomical Patterns of Inferior Mesenteric Artery Branching Encountered During Laparoscopic Left-Sided Colorectal Resection.
165. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Postoperative Gastrointestinal Recovery Following Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy With Intracorporeal and Extracorporeal Anastomosis.
166. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Serum Albumin Levels and Immediate Postoperative Morbidity Following Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Surgery.
167. A Prospective Observational Study of the Relationship Between Pelvic Dimensions on Preoperative Imaging and Operative Difficulty During Laparoscopic Low Anterior Resection.
168. A Comparative Study of Operative Blood Loss, Lymph Node Yield, and Hospital Recovery Following Laparoscopic and Open Sigmoid Colectomy for Resectable Malignancy.
169. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Agreement Between Preoperative Computed Tomography Staging and Operative Findings During Laparoscopic Colon Cancer Resection.
170. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Types of Intraoperative Ureteric Identification Difficulties During Laparoscopic Left Hemicolectomy.
171. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Postoperative Pain, Mobilisation, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic and Open Surgery for Uncomplicated Sigmoid Diverticular Disease.
172. A Cross-Sectional Study of the Association Between Preoperative Anaemia and Perioperative Blood Transfusion Requirements in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Surgery.
173. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Visceral Fat Distribution on Computed Tomography and Difficulty During Laparoscopic Mesocolic Dissection.
174. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Early Bowel Recovery, and Hospital Morbidity Following Laparoscopic Resection of Right-Sided and Left-Sided Colon Cancers.
175. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the Frequency of Synchronous Colorectal Lesions Detected on Preoperative Colonoscopy in Patients Scheduled for Laparoscopic Cancer Resection.
176. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Tumour Location and Extent of Mesenteric Lymphadenectomy During Laparoscopic Colectomy.
177. A Comparative Observational Study of Perioperative Outcomes in Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Elective Laparoscopic Colorectal Resection.
178. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Nutritional Risk Scores and Immediate Postoperative Complications Following Laparoscopic Rectal Cancer Surgery.
179. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Stapling Difficulties and Their Association With Pelvic Anatomy During Laparoscopic Low Anterior Resection.
180. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Intraoperative Blood Loss, and Same-Admission Outcomes Following Laparoscopic and Open Anterior Resection for Rectosigmoid Malignancy.
181. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Tumour Obstruction and Intraoperative Technical Difficulty During Laparoscopic Colorectal Resection.
182. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency of Splenic Flexure Mobilisation and Its Contribution to Operative Duration During Laparoscopic Rectal Surgery.
183. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Postoperative Ileus Following Laparoscopic Colorectal Resection With Restrictive and Conventional Perioperative Intravenous Fluid Protocols.
184. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels and Operative Tumour Characteristics in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Surgery.
185. A Prospective Observational Study of the Association Between Mesorectal Bulk on Preoperative Imaging and Technical Difficulty During Laparoscopic Total Mesorectal Excision.
186. A Comparative Study of Operative Blood Loss and Immediate Postoperative Morbidity Following Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery Using Ultrasonic and Advanced Bipolar Energy Devices.
187. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Tumour Distance From the Anal Verge and Intraoperative Anastomotic Construction Difficulty During Laparoscopic Rectal Resection.
188. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Causes of Conversion to Open Surgery During Attempted Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Resection.
189. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Hospital Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Colorectal Resection in Elderly Patients and Younger Adult Patients.
190. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Computed Tomography Mesenteric Fat Thickness and Operative Duration During Laparoscopic Colectomy.
191. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency of Intraoperative Anastomotic Air Leak Test Positivity During Laparoscopic Rectal Resection and Associated Operative Factors.
192. A Comparative Study of Same-Admission Postoperative Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Anterior Resection With and Without Protective Diverting Ileostomy in Selected Rectal Cancer Patients.
193. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Agreement Between Preoperative Colonoscopic Tumour Localisation and Intraoperative Identification During Laparoscopic Colectomy.
194. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Previous Abdominal Surgery and Adhesiolysis Requirements During Laparoscopic Colorectal Resection.
195. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Duration and Early Postoperative Recovery Following Laparoscopic Resection of Benign and Malignant Colorectal Lesions.
196. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Inflammatory Marker Elevation and Intraoperative Findings in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery for Complicated Diverticulitis.
197. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency and Distribution of Serosal Injuries During Laparoscopic Mobilisation of the Colon.
198. A Comparative Study of Immediate Postoperative Recovery Following Laparoscopic Colorectal Resection With Early Oral Feeding and Conventional Postoperative Feeding Protocols.
199. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Clinical Frailty and Same-Admission Complications in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Surgery.
200. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Intraoperative Complications, Pathological Resection Margins, Lymph Node Yield, and Immediate Hospital Outcomes Following Laparoscopic and Open Colectomy for Colon Cancer.

Laparoscopic Gastric Surgery

201. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Clinical Presentation and Intraoperative Perforation Characteristics in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Repair of Perforated Peptic Ulcer.
202. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Intraoperative Complications, and Same-Admission Recovery Following Laparoscopic and Open Omental Patch Repair of Perforated Duodenal Ulcer.
203. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Duration of Perforation Symptoms and Severity of Peritoneal Contamination During Laparoscopic Surgery.
204. A Prospective Observational Study of Perforation Size, Anatomical Location, and Their Association With Technical Difficulty During Laparoscopic Repair of Perforated Peptic Ulcer.
205. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Postoperative Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Repair of Gastric and Duodenal Perforations.
206. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Serum Lactate Levels and Intraoperative Peritoneal Contamination Severity in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Perforation Repair.
207. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Conversion to Open Surgery and Associated Intraoperative Findings During Laparoscopic Repair of Perforated Peptic Ulcer.
208. A Comparative Study of Early Postoperative Pain, Bowel Recovery, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic Perforation Repair With Interrupted Sutures and Continuous Suturing Techniques.
209. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the Relationship Between Preoperative Pneumoperitoneum Extent on Imaging and Operative Findings During Laparoscopic Perforation Repair.
210. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Peritoneal Fluid Characteristics and Immediate Postoperative Morbidity Following Laparoscopic Peptic Ulcer Perforation Repair.
211. A Comparative Observational Study of Perioperative Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Gastric Wedge Resection and Open Wedge Resection for Selected Benign Gastric Tumours.
212. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Endoscopic Tumour Localisation and Intraoperative Lesion Identification During Laparoscopic Gastric Wedge Resection.
213. A Prospective Observational Study of Technical Challenges in Laparoscopic Resection of Gastric Subepithelial Tumours According to Tumour Location and Size.
214. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Blood Loss, and Immediate Postoperative Recovery Following Laparoscopic and Open Distal Gastrectomy for Resectable Gastric Cancer.
215. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Nutritional Status and Same-Admission Morbidity Following Laparoscopic Gastrectomy.
216. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Unexpected Peritoneal Metastases During Staging Laparoscopy in Patients With Radiologically Resectable Gastric Cancer.
217. A Comparative Observational Study of Diagnostic Yield Between Preoperative Cross-Sectional Imaging and Staging Laparoscopy in Patients With Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer.
218. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Gastric Tumour Location and Technical Difficulty of Lymph Node Dissection During Laparoscopic Gastrectomy.
219. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating Intraoperative Vascular Anatomy Variations and Their Surgical Significance During Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy.
220. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Pathological Lymph Node Yield, Resection Margin Status, and Immediate Hospital Outcomes Following Laparoscopic and Open Gastrectomy for Gastric Malignancy.

Laparoscopic Hiatal Hernia and Antireflux Surgery

221. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Findings and Intraoperative Hiatal Defect Characteristics During Laparoscopic Fundoplication.
222. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Intraoperative Complications, and Immediate Swallowing Difficulty Following Laparoscopic Total and Partial Fundoplication for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.
223. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Body Mass Index and Anatomical Size of Hiatal Hernias in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Repair.
224. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency and Surgical Significance of Short Gastric Vessel Division During Laparoscopic Fundoplication.
225. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Postoperative Dysphagia and Hospital Recovery Following Laparoscopic Fundoplication With and Without Bougie-Guided Calibration.
226. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Agreement Between Preoperative Barium Swallow Findings and Intraoperative Hiatal Hernia Classification.
227. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Oesophageal Mobilisation Length and Tension-Free Fundoplication Construction During Laparoscopic Antireflux Surgery.
228. A Comparative Study of Intraoperative Technical Difficulty and Same-Admission Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Repair of Sliding and Paraoesophageal Hiatal Hernias.
229. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Oesophageal Manometry Findings and Selection of Laparoscopic Fundoplication Technique.
230. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Pleural Breach During Laparoscopic Hiatal Hernia Repair and Its Relationship With Hernia Size and Mediastinal Dissection.
231. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Postoperative Pain and Oral Intake Tolerance Following Laparoscopic Hiatal Repair With Interrupted and Continuous Crural Suturing.
232. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Endoscopic Oesophagitis Grade and Intraoperative Hiatal Anatomy in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Antireflux Surgery.
233. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency of Accessory Hepatic Arterial Variations Encountered During Laparoscopic Fundoplication.
234. A Comparative Study of Operative Time, Intraoperative Technical Events, and Early Recovery Following Laparoscopic Hiatal Hernia Repair With Primary Crural Closure and Selected Mesh Reinforcement.
235. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Reflux Symptom Severity and Objective Endoscopic Abnormalities in Patients Selected for Laparoscopic Fundoplication.
236. A Prospective Observational Study of Factors Associated With Conversion to Open Surgery During Laparoscopic Repair of Large Paraoesophageal Hernias.
237. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Dysphagia, Nausea, and Oral Intake Tolerance Following Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication and Toupet Fundoplication.
238. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Hiatal Hernia Volume on Computed Tomography and Intraoperative Mediastinal Adhesion Severity.
239. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Operative Consequences of Intraoperative Oesophageal or Gastric Serosal Injury During Laparoscopic Antireflux Surgery.
240. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Operative Complications, Early Dysphagia, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic Fundoplication for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease With and Without Hiatal Hernia.

Laparoscopic Small Bowel Surgery

241. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Computed Tomography Findings and Operative Difficulty During Laparoscopic Adhesiolysis for Small Bowel Obstruction.
242. A Comparative Study of Intraoperative Bowel Injury, Operative Duration, and Same-Admission Outcomes Following Laparoscopic and Open Adhesiolysis for Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction.
243. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Previous Abdominal Surgical Procedures and Adhesion Distribution During Laparoscopic Small Bowel Surgery.
244. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Bowel Viability Assessment and Its Association With Preoperative Clinical Characteristics in Patients With Intestinal Obstruction.
245. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Postoperative Recovery Following Laparoscopic and Open Resection of Selected Benign Small Bowel Tumours.
246. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Agreement Between Computed Tomography Transition Point Localisation and Laparoscopic Findings in Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction.
247. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Single-Band Adhesions and Their Anatomical Locations During Laparoscopic Management of Small Bowel Obstruction.
248. A Comparative Study of Operative Complications and Early Bowel Recovery Following Laparoscopic Adhesiolysis in Patients With Single and Multiple Previous Abdominal Surgeries.
249. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the Association Between Preoperative Abdominal Distension and Feasibility of Safe Laparoscopic Access in Small Bowel Obstruction.
250. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating Intraoperative Causes of Conversion From Laparoscopic to Open Surgery During Management of Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction.
251. A Comparative Observational Study of Intraoperative Blood Loss and Early Hospital Outcomes Following Laparoscopic and Open Meckel Diverticulectomy.
252. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Diagnostic Agreement Between Preoperative Imaging and Laparoscopic Findings in Adult Patients With Symptomatic Meckel Diverticulum.
253. A Prospective Observational Study of Mesenteric Vascular Anatomy and Its Operative Significance During Laparoscopic Small Bowel Resection.
254. A Comparative Study of Early Postoperative Pain and Oral Intake Tolerance Following Laparoscopic-Assisted and Open Small Bowel Resection for Localised Benign Disease.
255. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Inflammatory Markers and Intraoperative Stricture Severity in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery for Small Bowel Crohn Disease.
256. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Adhesion Density and Accidental Serosal Injury During Laparoscopic Small Bowel Adhesiolysis.
257. A Comparative Observational Study of Perioperative Outcomes Following Laparoscopic and Open Resection of Small Bowel Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours.
258. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Nutritional Status and Operative Findings in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Small Bowel Resection.
259. A Prospective Observational Study of Unexpected Intra-Abdominal Pathology Identified During Diagnostic Laparoscopy for Suspected Small Bowel Obstruction.
260. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Immediate Postoperative Ileus, Wound Complications, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic and Open Small Bowel Surgery.

Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration

261. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Common Bile Duct Diameter and Technical Difficulty During Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration.
262. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Intraoperative Stone Clearance, and Same-Admission Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Transcystic and Choledochotomy-Based Common Bile Duct Exploration.
263. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Stone Burden on Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography and Operative Findings During Laparoscopic Bile Duct Exploration.
264. A Prospective Observational Study of Cystic Duct Anatomical Variations and Their Association With Feasibility of Transcystic Common Bile Duct Stone Extraction.
265. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Postoperative Bile Leakage and Hospital Stay Following Primary Common Bile Duct Closure and Drainage-Based Closure After Laparoscopic Exploration.
266. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Agreement Between Preoperative Ultrasonography and Intraoperative Choledochoscopy for Common Bile Duct Stone Detection.
267. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Common Bile Duct Stone Size and Requirement for Advanced Extraction Techniques During Laparoscopic Exploration.
268. A Comparative Study of Stone Clearance Rates and Early Hospital Outcomes Following Single-Stage Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy With Bile Duct Exploration and Two-Stage Endoscopic Stone Clearance Followed by Cholecystectomy.
269. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Liver Function Test Patterns and Number of Common Bile Duct Stones Identified During Operative Exploration.
270. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency and Causes of Failed Transcystic Stone Extraction During Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration.
271. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Duration and Immediate Complications Following Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration in Patients With Single and Multiple Ductal Calculi.
272. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Cystic Duct Diameter on Preoperative Imaging and Successful Instrumentation During Laparoscopic Transcystic Exploration.
273. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Cholangiographic Findings and Their Influence on Surgical Decision-Making During Laparoscopic Biliary Surgery.
274. A Comparative Study of Same-Admission Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration in Patients With and Without Previous Endoscopic Sphincterotomy.
275. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Cholangitis Severity and Intraoperative Biliary Findings During Laparoscopic Duct Exploration.
276. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Unexpected Biliary Strictures During Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration.
277. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Time, Duct Clearance, and Early Postoperative Morbidity Following Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration With and Without Choledochoscopic Assistance.
278. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Gallbladder Stone Characteristics and Concurrent Common Bile Duct Stone Burden in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Biliary Surgery.
279. A Prospective Observational Study of Difficult Bile Duct Stone Extraction and Associated Anatomical and Stone-Related Factors During Laparoscopic Exploration.
280. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Intraoperative Complications, Residual Ductal Stones Detected Before Discharge, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic and Open Common Bile Duct Exploration.

Laparoscopic Liver Surgery

281. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Imaging Characteristics and Technical Difficulty During Laparoscopic Liver Cyst Fenestration.
282. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Blood Loss, and Same-Admission Recovery Following Laparoscopic and Open Management of Symptomatic Nonparasitic Liver Cysts.
283. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Hepatic Cyst Size and Intraoperative Complexity During Laparoscopic Cyst Fenestration.
284. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Biliary Communication Detection During Laparoscopic Management of Hepatic Hydatid Cysts in Selected Patients.
285. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Hospital Outcomes Following Laparoscopic and Open Surgery for Selected Peripheral Hepatic Hydatid Cysts.
286. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Agreement Between Preoperative Computed Tomography and Intraoperative Findings in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Hepatic Cyst Surgery.
287. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Liver Segment Location and Technical Difficulty During Laparoscopic Wedge Resection of Benign Liver Lesions.
288. A Comparative Study of Operative Blood Loss, Parenchymal Transection Time, and Immediate Complications Following Laparoscopic Liver Resection Using Ultrasonic Dissection and Advanced Bipolar Energy Devices.
289. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the Association Between Preoperative Liver Function Parameters and Immediate Postoperative Morbidity Following Minor Laparoscopic Liver Resection.
290. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency of Unexpected Additional Liver Lesions Detected by Intraoperative Ultrasonography During Laparoscopic Hepatic Surgery.
291. A Comparative Observational Study of Same-Admission Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Resection of Superficial Benign Liver Tumours and Superficial Malignant Liver Tumours.
292. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Hepatic Steatosis on Preoperative Imaging and Intraoperative Bleeding During Laparoscopic Liver Resection.
293. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Haemostasis Techniques and Their Association With Blood Loss During Laparoscopic Liver Parenchymal Transection.
294. A Comparative Study of Operative Time, Blood Loss, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic and Open Left Lateral Liver Sectionectomy.
295. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Portal Hypertension Features and Feasibility of Selected Laparoscopic Liver Procedures.
296. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Causes of Conversion to Open Surgery During Attempted Laparoscopic Minor Liver Resection.
297. A Comparative Observational Study of Intraoperative Blood Loss and Immediate Postoperative Recovery Following Laparoscopic Liver Resection With Intermittent Vascular Inflow Occlusion and Without Vascular Inflow Occlusion.
298. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Lesion Proximity to Major Hepatic Vessels and Operative Difficulty During Laparoscopic Liver Resection.
299. A Prospective Observational Study of the Relationship Between Preoperative Hepatic Lesion Volume and Specimen Extraction Difficulty During Laparoscopic Liver Surgery.
300. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Operative Blood Loss, Same-Admission Complications, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic and Open Resection of Selected Superficial Liver Lesions.

Laparoscopic Surgery for Hepatobiliary Infections and Cysts

301. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Radiological Morphology and Intraoperative Findings in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Management of Symptomatic Hepatic Cysts.
302. A Comparative Study of Operative Difficulty and Immediate Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery for Solitary and Multiple Symptomatic Liver Cysts.
303. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Hepatic Cyst Location and Requirement for Additional Laparoscopic Port Placement.
304. A Prospective Observational Study of Adhesion Patterns Encountered During Laparoscopic Management of Previously Treated Hepatic Hydatid Cysts.
305. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Duration and Same-Admission Morbidity Following Laparoscopic Hydatid Cyst Surgery in Patients With and Without Preoperative Cyst Infection.
306. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Ultrasonographic Cyst Classification and Intraoperative Cyst Content Characteristics in Hepatic Hydatid Disease.
307. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Occult Biliary Communications Identified During Laparoscopic Hepatic Hydatid Cyst Surgery.
308. A Comparative Study of Early Postoperative Bile Leakage and Drain Output Following Laparoscopic Management of Superficial and Deeply Located Hepatic Hydatid Cysts.
309. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Cyst Wall Calcification and Operative Dissection Difficulty During Laparoscopic Hydatid Surgery.
310. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Operative Findings, Early Complications, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic and Open Surgery for Hepatic Hydatid Disease.

Laparoscopic Pancreatic Surgery

311. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Agreement Between Preoperative Computed Tomography Findings and Intraoperative Characteristics of Pancreatic Pseudocysts During Laparoscopic Internal Drainage.
312. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Intraoperative Complications, and Same-Admission Outcomes Following Laparoscopic and Open Cystogastrostomy for Selected Pancreatic Pseudocysts.
313. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Pancreatic Pseudocyst Wall Thickness and Technical Difficulty During Laparoscopic Cystogastrostomy.
314. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Pseudocyst Contents on Imaging and Intraoperative Findings During Laparoscopic Drainage.
315. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Postoperative Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Transgastric and Retrogastric Approaches for Internal Drainage of Pancreatic Pseudocysts.
316. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Pseudocyst Location and Feasibility of Laparoscopic Internal Drainage in Patients With Mature Pancreatic Fluid Collections.
317. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Vascular Proximity and Technical Challenges During Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy for Selected Benign and Low-Grade Pancreatic Tumours.
318. A Comparative Study of Operative Blood Loss, Splenic Preservation, and Same-Admission Outcomes Following Laparoscopic and Open Distal Pancreatectomy.
319. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Pancreatic Duct Diameter and Intraoperative Transection Characteristics During Distal Pancreatectomy.
320. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Causes of Conversion to Open Surgery During Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy.
321. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Postoperative Drain Characteristics and Hospital Morbidity Following Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy With Stapled and Sutured Pancreatic Stump Closure.
322. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Pancreatic Parenchymal Thickness on Imaging and Technical Difficulty During Laparoscopic Pancreatic Transection.
323. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency of Accessory Splenic Arterial Branches and Their Surgical Significance During Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy.
324. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Intraoperative Blood Loss, and Immediate Outcomes Following Spleen-Preserving and Spleen-Resecting Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy.
325. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Same-Admission Postoperative Complications and Length of Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic and Open Surgery for Selected Benign Pancreatic Lesions.

Laparoscopic Splenectomy

326. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Splenic Size and Intraoperative Technical Difficulty During Laparoscopic Splenectomy.
327. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Blood Loss, and Same-Admission Outcomes Following Laparoscopic and Open Splenectomy for Benign Haematological Disorders.
328. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Platelet Count and Intraoperative Bleeding During Laparoscopic Splenectomy.
329. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency, Anatomical Distribution, and Surgical Significance of Accessory Spleens Detected During Laparoscopic Splenectomy.
330. A Comparative Observational Study of Intraoperative Complications and Immediate Recovery Following Laparoscopic Splenectomy in Patients With Normal-Sized Spleens and Moderate Splenomegaly.
331. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Agreement Between Preoperative Ultrasonographic Splenic Dimensions and Intraoperative Specimen Measurements.
332. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Splenic Hilar Vascular Anatomy and Difficulty of Vascular Control During Laparoscopic Splenectomy.
333. A Comparative Study of Operative Time, Blood Loss, and Early Postoperative Pain Following Laparoscopic Splenectomy Using Hilar Stapling and Individual Vessel Ligation.
334. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the Association Between Previous Splenic Infarction and Perisplenic Adhesion Severity During Laparoscopic Splenectomy.
335. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency and Causes of Intraoperative Conversion During Laparoscopic Splenectomy for Haematological Disorders.
336. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Hospital Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Splenectomy for Immune Thrombocytopenia and Hereditary Spherocytosis.
337. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Difficulty of Splenic Hilar Exposure During Laparoscopic Splenectomy.
338. A Prospective Observational Study of Pancreatic Tail Proximity to the Splenic Hilum and Its Association With Intraoperative Dissection Difficulty.
339. A Comparative Study of Blood Transfusion Requirements and Early Hospital Morbidity Following Laparoscopic Splenectomy in Patients With and Without Preoperative Anaemia.
340. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Operative Blood Loss, Specimen Retrieval Techniques, and Same-Admission Recovery Following Laparoscopic and Open Splenectomy.

Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy

341. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Adrenal Tumour Size and Technical Difficulty During Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy.
342. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Blood Loss, and Same-Admission Complications Following Laparoscopic Right and Left Adrenalectomy.
343. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Adrenal Tumour Location on Computed Tomography and Intraoperative Vascular Dissection Difficulty.
344. A Prospective Observational Study of Anatomical Variations in Adrenal Venous Drainage Encountered During Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy.
345. A Comparative Observational Study of Intraoperative Haemodynamic Fluctuations During Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy for Functioning and Nonfunctioning Adrenal Tumours.
346. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Biochemical Hormonal Profiles and Operative Findings in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy.
347. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Causes of Conversion to Open Surgery During Attempted Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy.
348. A Comparative Study of Operative Blood Loss, Immediate Pain, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic and Open Adrenalectomy for Selected Benign Adrenal Tumours.
349. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Periadrenal Fat Thickness and Intraoperative Technical Difficulty During Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy.
350. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Operative Complications, Histopathological Findings, and Immediate Hospital Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy for Different Adrenal Tumour Types.

Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

351. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Computed Tomography Findings and Intraoperative Adhesion Severity During Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for Pleural Disease.
352. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Postoperative Pain, and Same-Admission Recovery Following Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic and Open Surgical Management of Selected Benign Pleural Disorders.
353. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Pleural Thickening on Preoperative Imaging and Difficulty of Thoracoscopic Pleural Dissection.
354. A Prospective Observational Study of the Diagnostic Yield of Thoracoscopic Pleural Biopsy in Patients With Undiagnosed Exudative Pleural Effusion.
355. A Comparative Observational Study of Diagnostic Accuracy Between Image-Guided Pleural Biopsy and Thoracoscopic Pleural Biopsy in Patients With Suspected Pleural Malignancy.
356. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Pleural Fluid Biochemical Characteristics and Thoracoscopic Appearance in Patients With Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion.
357. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Anatomical Distribution of Pleural Adhesions During Thoracoscopic Surgery for Empyema Thoracis.
358. A Comparative Study of Operative Blood Loss, Chest Drainage Duration, and Same-Admission Outcomes Following Thoracoscopic and Open Decortication for Selected Patients With Organised Empyema.
359. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Duration of Empyema Symptoms and Intraoperative Pleural Peel Thickness During Thoracoscopic Decortication.
360. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Causes of Conversion From Thoracoscopic to Open Surgery During Pleural Decortication.
361. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Postoperative Pain and Hospital Stay Following Single-Port and Multiple-Port Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery.
362. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Agreement Between Preoperative Radiological Empyema Staging and Intraoperative Thoracoscopic Findings.
363. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency of Unexpected Pleural Lesions Identified During Thoracoscopy for Recurrent Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion.
364. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Chest Drain Output, and Early Hospital Outcomes Following Thoracoscopic Management of Loculated and Nonloculated Pleural Collections.
365. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Pulmonary Function Parameters and Immediate Postoperative Respiratory Complications Following Thoracoscopic Surgery.
366. A Prospective Observational Study of Bleeding Sources and Intraoperative Haemostatic Methods During Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Pleural Surgery.
367. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Recovery Following Thoracoscopic Pleural Biopsy Under General Anaesthesia and Thoracoscopy Under Local Anaesthesia With Sedation in Appropriately Selected Patients.
368. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Pleural Nodularity on Computed Tomography and Histopathological Findings From Thoracoscopic Pleural Biopsy.
369. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency of Intraoperative Lung Parenchymal Injury During Thoracoscopic Adhesiolysis.
370. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Diagnostic Yield, Immediate Complications, and Hospital Stay Following Thoracoscopic Pleural Biopsy for Tuberculous and Malignant Pleural Disease.

Thoracoscopic Lung Surgery

371. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Computed Tomography Nodule Characteristics and Intraoperative Localisation Difficulty During Thoracoscopic Lung Wedge Resection.
372. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Blood Loss, and Same-Admission Recovery Following Thoracoscopic and Open Wedge Resection for Selected Peripheral Pulmonary Nodules.
373. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Pulmonary Nodule Depth and Feasibility of Thoracoscopic Palpation-Based Localisation.
374. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency of Pleural Adhesions in Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Lung Surgery for Previous Pulmonary Infection.
375. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Postoperative Pain and Chest Drain Requirements Following Thoracoscopic Wedge Resection Using Single-Port and Multiple-Port Approaches.
376. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Agreement Between Preoperative Computed Tomography Findings and Operative Localisation of Peripheral Lung Lesions.
377. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Pulmonary Vascular Variations Encountered During Thoracoscopic Lobectomy.
378. A Comparative Study of Blood Loss, Operative Time, and Early Postoperative Morbidity Following Thoracoscopic and Open Lobectomy for Selected Resectable Lung Tumours.
379. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Smoking History and Intraoperative Lung Tissue Characteristics During Thoracoscopic Resection.
380. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating Factors Associated With Prolonged Operative Duration During Thoracoscopic Anatomical Lung Resection.
381. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Chest Drain Output and Hospital Stay Following Thoracoscopic Upper and Lower Lobectomy.
382. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Pulmonary Function Test Results and Immediate Postoperative Oxygen Requirements Following Thoracoscopic Lung Resection.
383. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Bronchial Anatomy Variations and Their Significance During Thoracoscopic Lung Resection.
384. A Comparative Study of Operative Characteristics and Early Postoperative Recovery Following Thoracoscopic Resection of Benign and Malignant Peripheral Lung Lesions.
385. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Radiological Evidence of Fissure Completeness and Operative Difficulty During Thoracoscopic Lobectomy.
386. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Air Leak Detection and Management During Thoracoscopic Lung Wedge Resection.
387. A Comparative Observational Study of Same-Admission Pain and Respiratory Recovery Following Thoracoscopic Lung Resection With Conventional and Enhanced Recovery Protocols.
388. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Lung Nodule Size and Pathological Diagnosis in Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Wedge Resection.
389. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Causes of Conversion to Thoracotomy During Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Lung Surgery.
390. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Intraoperative Blood Loss, Postoperative Pulmonary Complications, and Hospital Stay Following Thoracoscopic and Open Resection of Peripheral Lung Lesions.

Thoracoscopic Mediastinal Surgery

391. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Computed Tomography Characteristics and Technical Difficulty During Thoracoscopic Mediastinal Mass Excision.
392. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Blood Loss, and Early Recovery Following Thoracoscopic and Open Thymectomy for Selected Thymic Lesions.
393. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Mediastinal Mass Location and Operative Exposure Difficulty During Thoracoscopy.
394. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency and Anatomical Distribution of Ectopic Thymic Tissue During Thoracoscopic Thymectomy.
395. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Postoperative Pain and Hospital Stay Following Right-Sided and Left-Sided Thoracoscopic Approaches for Selected Mediastinal Lesions.
396. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Agreement Between Preoperative Radiological Classification and Histopathological Diagnosis of Mediastinal Masses Removed Thoracoscopically.
397. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Thymic Lesion Size and Intraoperative Vascular Dissection Difficulty.
398. A Comparative Study of Same-Admission Respiratory Outcomes Following Thoracoscopic Thymectomy in Patients With and Without Myasthenia Gravis.
399. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the Association Between Preoperative Imaging Evidence of Vascular Contact and Operative Complexity During Thoracoscopic Mediastinal Surgery.
400. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Operative Blood Loss, Intraoperative Complications, and Immediate Hospital Outcomes Following Thoracoscopic and Open Excision of Benign Mediastinal Masses.

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

401. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Body Mass Index and Technical Difficulty During Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.
402. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Intraoperative Complications, and Same-Admission Recovery Following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Patients With and Without Type Two Diabetes Mellitus.
403. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Prevalence of Fatty Liver Disease and Its Association With Preoperative Metabolic Parameters in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.
404. A Prospective Observational Study of the Association Between Left Lobe Liver Size and Difficulty of Gastric Exposure During Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.
405. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Postoperative Nausea, Vomiting, and Oral Intake Tolerance Following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Using Different Established Antiemetic Protocols.
406. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Findings and Intraoperative Gastric Characteristics During Sleeve Gastrectomy.
407. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Intraoperative Management of Staple-Line Bleeding During Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.
408. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Staple-Line Bleeding, and Immediate Postoperative Outcomes Following Sleeve Gastrectomy With and Without Staple-Line Reinforcement.
409. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the Association Between Preoperative Neck Circumference and Difficult Airway Characteristics in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery.
410. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Abdominal Visceral Fat Thickness and Difficulty of Gastric Mobilisation During Sleeve Gastrectomy.
411. A Comparative Observational Study of Same-Admission Postoperative Pain Following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy With and Without Transversus Abdominis Plane Block.
412. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Risk and Its Association With Preoperative Clinical Characteristics in Patients Selected for Sleeve Gastrectomy.
413. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Gastric Fundus Adhesions and Operative Duration During Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.
414. A Comparative Study of Intraoperative Haemodynamic Parameters and Immediate Postoperative Respiratory Recovery Following Low-Pressure and Standard-Pressure Pneumoperitoneum During Sleeve Gastrectomy.
415. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Vitamin D Deficiency and Metabolic Risk Factors in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery.
416. A Prospective Observational Study of Technical Factors Associated With Intraoperative Staple-Line Deformity During Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.
417. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Duration and Immediate Postoperative Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Patients With and Without Previous Abdominal Surgery.
418. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Psychological Eating Behaviour Scores and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Undergoing Sleeve Gastrectomy.
419. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Hiatal Hernia Detection and Its Influence on Surgical Planning During Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.
420. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Same-Admission Bleeding, Nausea, Vomiting, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Different Obesity Severity Categories.

Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass

421. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Body Mass Index and Operative Difficulty During Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.
422. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Intraoperative Blood Loss, and Immediate Hospital Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.
423. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Insulin Resistance and Clinical Metabolic Characteristics in Patients Selected for Gastric Bypass Surgery.
424. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Jejunal Mesenteric Thickness and Its Association With Anastomotic Construction Difficulty During Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass.
425. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Postoperative Oral Intake Tolerance Following Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass.
426. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Prevalence of Preoperative Anaemia and Micronutrient Deficiencies in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass.
427. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Intraoperative Gastrojejunal Anastomotic Bleeding During Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass.
428. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration and Early Hospital Complications Following Hand-Sewn and Stapled Gastrojejunal Anastomosis During Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass.
429. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Visceral Obesity Measurements and Technical Difficulty During Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Anastomosis.
430. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Anastomotic Leak Testing and Its Association With Operative Characteristics During Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass.
431. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Postoperative Pain and Mobilisation Following Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass With Different Established Port Configurations.
432. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms and Endoscopic Oesophagitis in Patients Selected for Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass.
433. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Fatty Liver Severity and Hepatic Retraction Difficulty During Gastric Bypass.
434. A Comparative Study of Same-Admission Respiratory Complications Following Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass in Patients With High and Low Preoperative Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Risk.
435. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Metabolic Syndrome Components and Operative Characteristics During Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery.
436. A Prospective Observational Study of Factors Associated With Prolonged Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass Without Assessment Beyond the Index Admission.
437. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Blood Loss and Early Recovery Following Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass in Patients With and Without Previous Bariatric Procedures.
438. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Hepatic Steatosis and Intraoperative Liver Appearance During Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass.
439. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Incidence and Intraoperative Management of Mesenteric Defects During Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.
440. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Immediate Postoperative Complications, Time to Oral Intake, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y and One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass.

Metabolic and Nutritional Assessment in Bariatric Surgery

441. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Relationship With Obesity Severity in Patients Presenting for Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery.
442. A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of Preoperative Lipid Profile Abnormalities in Patients With and Without Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Selected for Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery.
443. A Hospital-Based Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Waist Circumference, Body Mass Index, and Fatty Liver Severity in Bariatric Surgery Candidates.
444. A Comparative Study of Preoperative Vitamin B Twelve and Iron Status in Patients Selected for Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy and Gastric Bypass.
445. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Serum Albumin and Nutritional Risk Scores in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery.
446. A Prospective Observational Study of the Relationship Between Preoperative Physical Activity Levels and Intraoperative Respiratory Mechanics During Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery.
447. A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of Preoperative Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Risk in Male and Female Patients Selected for Laparoscopic Bariatric Procedures.
448. A Hospital-Based Study Assessing the Association Between Central Obesity Measures and Difficult Laparoscopic Port Access During Bariatric Surgery.
449. A Comparative Observational Study of Intraoperative Ventilation Parameters and Immediate Postoperative Oxygen Requirements in Patients With and Without Metabolic Syndrome Undergoing Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery.
450. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Glycated Haemoglobin Levels and Same-Admission Glycaemic Control Requirements Following Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery.
451. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of Preoperative Depression and Anxiety Screening Scores and Their Association With Eating Behaviour Patterns Among Bariatric Surgery Candidates.
452. A Comparative Study of Preoperative Nutritional Deficiencies in Patients With Class Two and Class Three Obesity Scheduled for Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery.
453. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Ultrasonographic Fatty Liver Grade and Serum Liver Enzyme Levels in Bariatric Surgery Candidates.
454. A Hospital-Based Observational Study Evaluating the Prevalence of Undiagnosed Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Among Patients Undergoing Preoperative Evaluation for Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery.
455. A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of Preoperative Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms and Endoscopic Findings in Patients Selected for Different Laparoscopic Bariatric Procedures.
456. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Abdominal Circumference and Intraoperative Working Space During Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery.
457. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Vitamin D Levels and Musculoskeletal Symptom Burden in Bariatric Surgery Candidates.
458. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Postoperative Blood Glucose Patterns in Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery.
459. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Dietary Protein Intake and Biochemical Nutritional Parameters in Patients Selected for Bariatric Surgery.
460. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Intraoperative Complications, and Same-Admission Recovery in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery With Different Preoperative Metabolic Risk Profiles.

Emergency Diagnostic Laparoscopy

461. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Diagnostic Yield of Emergency Laparoscopy in Patients Presenting With Acute Abdomen and Equivocal Preoperative Imaging Findings.
462. A Comparative Study of Diagnostic Accuracy Between Preoperative Ultrasonography and Emergency Diagnostic Laparoscopy in Patients With Undifferentiated Acute Abdominal Pain.
463. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Frequency and Distribution of Unexpected Intra-Abdominal Pathologies Identified During Emergency Diagnostic Laparoscopy.
464. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Peritoneal Signs and Laparoscopic Findings in Patients Presenting With Acute Abdomen.
465. A Comparative Observational Study of Diagnostic Yield in Male and Female Patients Undergoing Emergency Laparoscopy for Nonspecific Lower Abdominal Pain.
466. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Admission Inflammatory Markers and Intraoperative Findings During Emergency Diagnostic Laparoscopy.
467. A Prospective Observational Study of Factors Associated With Therapeutic Intervention Following Emergency Diagnostic Laparoscopy in Patients With Acute Abdominal Pain.
468. A Comparative Study of Same-Admission Outcomes Following Emergency Diagnostic Laparoscopy and Exploratory Laparotomy in Selected Haemodynamically Stable Patients With Acute Abdomen.
469. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Agreement Between Preoperative Computed Tomography Findings and Emergency Laparoscopic Diagnosis.
470. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Unexpected Tuberculous Peritonitis Detected During Diagnostic Laparoscopy for Acute or Subacute Abdominal Symptoms.
471. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Duration and Hospital Recovery Following Diagnostic Laparoscopy in Patients With Localised and Generalised Abdominal Tenderness.
472. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Serum Lactate and Intraoperative Evidence of Intestinal Ischaemia During Emergency Laparoscopy.
473. A Prospective Observational Study of the Anatomical Distribution of Peritoneal Contamination Identified During Emergency Diagnostic Laparoscopy for Suspected Hollow Viscus Perforation.
474. A Comparative Study of Intraoperative Findings and Immediate Outcomes Following Emergency Laparoscopy in Young Adults and Elderly Patients With Acute Abdomen.
475. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Duration of Symptoms and Laparoscopic Identification of Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infection.
476. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency and Causes of Conversion to Exploratory Laparotomy During Emergency Diagnostic Laparoscopy.
477. A Comparative Observational Study of Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Examination Alone and Combined Clinical Examination With Imaging Against Emergency Laparoscopic Findings.
478. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Previous Abdominal Surgery and Diagnostic Laparoscopy Completion Difficulty in Emergency Surgical Patients.
479. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Peritoneal Biopsy Yield in Patients With Unexpected Nodular Peritoneal Disease During Emergency Laparoscopy.
480. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Same-Admission Morbidity, Definitive Diagnosis, and Hospital Stay Following Emergency Diagnostic Laparoscopy and Conventional Surgical Exploration.

Laparoscopic Management of Peritonitis

481. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Clinical Peritonitis Severity and Laparoscopic Extent of Peritoneal Contamination.
482. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Intraoperative Irrigation Requirements, and Hospital Recovery Following Laparoscopic and Open Management of Selected Secondary Peritonitis Cases.
483. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Computed Tomography Distribution of Free Fluid and Intraoperative Contamination Patterns.
484. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Peritoneal Fluid Appearance and Microbiological Culture Findings During Laparoscopic Management of Peritonitis.
485. A Comparative Observational Study of Same-Admission Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Management of Localised and Diffuse Secondary Peritonitis in Stable Patients.
486. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Admission Serum Albumin Concentration and Intraoperative Severity of Peritoneal Infection.
487. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Factors Associated With Conversion From Laparoscopic to Open Surgery During Management of Secondary Peritonitis.
488. A Comparative Study of Postoperative Ileus, Oral Intake Tolerance, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic and Open Peritoneal Lavage With Surgical Source Control.
489. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Inflammatory Marker Levels and Intraoperative Presence of Fibrinous Peritoneal Exudates.
490. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Anatomical Distribution of Intra-Abdominal Abscesses Identified During Laparoscopic Surgery for Peritonitis.
491. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Postoperative Drain Output and Hospital Morbidity Following Laparoscopic Peritoneal Lavage in Patients With Purulent and Bilious Contamination.
492. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Diagnostic Agreement Between Preoperative Ultrasonography and Laparoscopic Identification of Intra-Abdominal Collections.
493. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Time From Admission to Operative Source Control and Intraoperative Peritoneal Infection Severity.
494. A Comparative Study of Early Hospital Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Peritoneal Lavage With and Without Routine Drain Placement After Definitive Control of a Localised Perforation.
495. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Organ Dysfunction Scores and Intraoperative Findings in Patients Undergoing Emergency Laparoscopic Surgery for Peritonitis.
496. A Prospective Observational Study of Operative Technical Challenges Encountered During Laparoscopic Management of Purulent Peritonitis in Patients With Previous Abdominal Surgery.
497. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Respiratory Recovery Following Laparoscopic and Open Surgical Management of Intra-Abdominal Sepsis in Selected Stable Patients.
498. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Abdominal Distension and Safe Laparoscopic Access During Emergency Surgery for Peritonitis.
499. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating Factors Associated With Prolonged Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic Source Control for Secondary Peritonitis.
500. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Immediate Postoperative Complications, Intensive Care Requirements, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic and Open Surgery for Selected Cases of Secondary Peritonitis.

Laparoscopic Surgery for Abdominal Tuberculosis

501. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Diagnostic Yield of Laparoscopic Peritoneal Biopsy in Patients With Suspected Abdominal Tuberculosis and Inconclusive Noninvasive Investigations.
502. A Comparative Study of Histopathological Diagnostic Yield Between Laparoscopic Peritoneal Biopsy and Image-Guided Peritoneal Biopsy in Patients With Suspected Abdominal Tuberculosis.
503. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Ultrasonographic Findings and Laparoscopic Morphological Patterns of Peritoneal Tuberculosis.
504. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency and Anatomical Distribution of Peritoneal Tubercles During Diagnostic Laparoscopy in Suspected Abdominal Tuberculosis.
505. A Comparative Observational Study of Laparoscopic Findings in Patients With Ascitic and Adhesive Forms of Abdominal Tuberculosis.
506. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Ascitic Fluid Adenosine Deaminase Levels and Histopathologically Confirmed Peritoneal Tuberculosis.
507. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Duration of Constitutional Symptoms and Laparoscopic Peritoneal Adhesion Severity in Abdominal Tuberculosis.
508. A Comparative Study of Laparoscopic Peritoneal Biopsy Yield in Patients With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Presenting With Suspected Abdominal Tuberculosis.
509. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Frequency of Omental Thickening and Its Histopathological Correlation During Laparoscopic Investigation of Suspected Peritoneal Tuberculosis.
510. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Role of Targeted Laparoscopic Biopsy in Differentiating Tuberculous Peritonitis From Peritoneal Carcinomatosis.
511. A Comparative Observational Study of Intraoperative Technical Difficulty During Laparoscopic Biopsy in Patients With Dry Adhesive and Wet Ascitic Peritoneal Tuberculosis.
512. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Computed Tomography Mesenteric Lymphadenopathy and Laparoscopic Lymph Node Biopsy Findings.
513. A Prospective Observational Study of Complications Encountered During Laparoscopic Adhesiolysis and Tissue Sampling in Patients With Suspected Abdominal Tuberculosis.
514. A Comparative Study of Diagnostic Yield of Peritoneal Fluid Cytology and Histopathological Examination of Laparoscopic Biopsy Specimens in Suspected Peritoneal Tuberculosis.
515. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Elevated Inflammatory Markers and Laparoscopic Disease Extent in Histopathologically Confirmed Abdominal Tuberculosis.
516. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Unexpected Malignancy Diagnosed During Laparoscopy for Clinically Suspected Abdominal Tuberculosis.
517. A Comparative Observational Study of Diagnostic Yield Following Targeted Omental and Parietal Peritoneal Biopsies During Laparoscopy for Suspected Tuberculosis.
518. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Ultrasonographic Peritoneal Thickening and Histopathological Granulomatous Inflammation in Patients Undergoing Diagnostic Laparoscopy.
519. A Prospective Observational Study of Factors Associated With Incomplete Laparoscopic Abdominal Exploration in Patients With Dense Tuberculous Adhesions.
520. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Diagnostic Yield, Procedure-Related Complications, and Same-Admission Outcomes Following Laparoscopic and Image-Guided Tissue Biopsy for Suspected Abdominal Tuberculosis.

Upper Gastrointestinal Diagnostic Endoscopy

521. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Clinical Symptom Patterns and Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Findings in Patients Presenting to a General Surgery Department.
522. A Comparative Study of Endoscopic Findings in Patients With and Without Long-Term Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Exposure Presenting With Dyspepsia.
523. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Prevalence and Anatomical Distribution of Gastric Erosions Among Patients Undergoing Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy for Persistent Dyspepsia.
524. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Alarm Symptoms and Significant Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Pathology in Adult Patients.
525. A Comparative Observational Study of Endoscopic Oesophagitis Severity in Patients With Normal Body Mass Index and Patients With Obesity Presenting With Reflux Symptoms.
526. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Endoscopic Patterns of Gastritis in Patients With Chronic Dyspepsia.
527. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency and Histopathological Characteristics of Incidental Gastric Polyps Detected During Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.
528. A Comparative Study of Endoscopic Findings in Patients With Type Two Diabetes Mellitus and Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus Presenting With Upper Abdominal Symptoms.
529. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Duration of Reflux Symptoms and Endoscopic Evidence of Erosive Oesophagitis.
530. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency of Hiatal Hernia and Its Association With Endoscopic Gastroesophageal Junction Abnormalities.
531. A Comparative Observational Study of Diagnostic Yield of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Patients Presenting With Dysphagia and Patients Presenting With Persistent Vomiting.
532. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Anaemia and Upper Gastrointestinal Mucosal Lesions Detected During Endoscopy.
533. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Prevalence of Endoscopic Duodenal Ulcer Disease Among Patients With Chronic Epigastric Pain.
534. A Comparative Study of Gastric Mucosal Abnormalities in Patients With Regular Tobacco Use and Patients Without Tobacco Exposure Undergoing Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.
535. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Endoscopic Gastritis Severity and Histopathological Inflammatory Grading in Patients With Dyspepsia.
536. A Prospective Observational Study of the Anatomical Distribution and Endoscopic Appearance of Upper Gastrointestinal Malignancies Diagnosed in a Surgical Endoscopy Unit.
537. A Comparative Observational Study of Endoscopic Findings in Elderly and Younger Adult Patients Presenting With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding.
538. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Reflux Symptoms and Endoscopic Findings in Patients Scheduled for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
539. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Diagnostic Yield of Targeted Biopsy From Suspicious Gastric Lesions Identified During Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.
540. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Significant Endoscopic Findings in Patients Referred for Chronic Dyspepsia, Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms, and Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Therapeutic Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

541. A Prospective Observational Study of Endoscopic Characteristics of Bleeding Peptic Ulcers and Their Association With Immediate Haemostatic Intervention Requirements.
542. A Comparative Study of Immediate Haemostatic Success Following Endoscopic Injection Therapy and Combined Injection With Mechanical Therapy for Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding.
543. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Admission Haemoglobin Concentration and Endoscopic Stigmata of Recent Haemorrhage in Peptic Ulcer Disease.
544. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency and Anatomical Distribution of Bleeding Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers Requiring Endoscopic Therapy.
545. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Haemostasis and Procedure-Related Complications Following Endoscopic Clip Application and Thermal Coagulation for Selected Nonvariceal Bleeding Lesions.
546. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Pre-Endoscopic Bleeding Risk Scores and Active Bleeding Identified During Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.
547. A Prospective Observational Study of Technical Difficulty and Immediate Procedural Success During Endoscopic Removal of Accidentally Ingested Upper Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies.
548. A Comparative Study of Endoscopic Retrieval Success in Patients With Oesophageal and Gastric Foreign Bodies Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital.
549. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Frequency and Types of Endoscopically Removable Foreign Bodies Encountered in Adult Surgical Practice.
550. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating Factors Associated With Difficult Endoscopic Extraction of Impacted Oesophageal Food Boluses.
551. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Procedural Outcomes Following Endoscopic Balloon Dilatation of Benign Oesophageal Strictures of Different Anatomical Locations.
552. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preprocedure Stricture Length and Immediate Technical Success of Endoscopic Oesophageal Dilatation.
553. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency and Nature of Procedure-Related Mucosal Injuries During Endoscopic Dilatation of Benign Oesophageal Strictures.
554. A Comparative Study of Immediate Procedural Success and Complications Following Endoscopic Bougie Dilatation and Balloon Dilatation for Selected Benign Oesophageal Strictures.
555. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Aetiology of Benign Oesophageal Stricture and Endoscopic Stricture Morphology.
556. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Technical Feasibility of Endoscopic Self-Expanding Metal Stent Placement in Patients With Malignant Oesophageal Obstruction.
557. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Dysphagia Relief and Procedure-Related Complications Following Endoscopic Stenting for Upper and Lower Oesophageal Malignant Strictures.
558. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preprocedure Oesophageal Tumour Length and Technical Difficulty During Endoscopic Stent Placement.
559. A Prospective Observational Study of Immediate Complications Encountered During Therapeutic Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in a General Surgery Teaching Hospital.
560. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Immediate Haemostatic Success, Blood Transfusion Requirements, and Same-Admission Outcomes Following Endoscopic Treatment of Different Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Lesions.

Colonoscopy and Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

561. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Diagnostic Yield of Colonoscopy in Patients Presenting With Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding at a Tertiary Care Hospital.
562. A Comparative Study of Colonoscopic Findings in Patients Presenting With Chronic Constipation and Patients Presenting With Altered Bowel Habits.
563. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Anatomical Distribution and Histopathological Characteristics of Colorectal Polyps Detected During Colonoscopy.
564. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Age and Prevalence of Advanced Colorectal Adenomas in Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy.
565. A Comparative Observational Study of Colonoscopy Completion Rates and Patient Discomfort Under Different Standard Sedation Protocols.
566. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Bowel Preparation Quality and Colonic Mucosal Visualisation During Colonoscopy.
567. A Prospective Observational Study of Factors Associated With Incomplete Colonoscopy in Patients Undergoing Diagnostic Evaluation for Lower Gastrointestinal Symptoms.
568. A Comparative Study of Colonoscopic Diagnostic Yield in Patients With Iron Deficiency Anaemia and Patients With Overt Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding.
569. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Family History of Colorectal Cancer and Colonoscopic Detection of Neoplastic Polyps.
570. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency and Distribution of Diverticular Disease Detected During Colonoscopy in Adult Indian Patients.
571. A Comparative Observational Study of Histopathological Findings in Right-Sided and Left-Sided Colorectal Polyps Removed Endoscopically.
572. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Faecal Occult Blood Test Positivity and Significant Colonoscopic Findings.
573. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency of Incidentally Detected Colorectal Malignancy During Colonoscopy for Nonbleeding Lower Gastrointestinal Symptoms.
574. A Comparative Study of Polyp Detection Rates Following Split-Dose and Single-Dose Bowel Preparation Protocols in Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy.
575. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Colonoscopic Polyp Morphology and Histopathological Dysplasia Grade.
576. A Prospective Observational Study of Immediate Procedure-Related Complications During Diagnostic and Therapeutic Colonoscopy.
577. A Comparative Observational Study of Colonoscopic Findings in Patients With Chronic Diarrhoea and Patients With Unexplained Weight Loss.
578. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Caecal Intubation Time and Bowel Preparation Quality During Colonoscopy.
579. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Terminal Ileal Abnormalities Detected During Ileocolonoscopy for Suspected Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
580. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Diagnostic Yield, Biopsy Positivity, and Immediate Procedural Complications Following Colonoscopy for Different Lower Gastrointestinal Indications.

Endoscopic Polypectomy and Mucosal Resection

581. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Colorectal Polyp Size and Technical Difficulty During Endoscopic Polypectomy.
582. A Comparative Study of Immediate Bleeding and Complete Macroscopic Resection Following Cold Snare and Hot Snare Polypectomy for Selected Small Colorectal Polyps.
583. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Endoscopic Polyp Morphology and Histopathological Detection of High-Grade Dysplasia.
584. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency and Management of Immediate Bleeding During Endoscopic Resection of Colorectal Polyps.
585. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Procedural Outcomes Following Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Sessile Polyps in the Right and Left Colon.
586. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Polyp Location and Histopathological Neoplastic Potential in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Polypectomy.
587. A Prospective Observational Study of Technical Factors Associated With Incomplete Macroscopic Resection During Endoscopic Removal of Large Sessile Colorectal Polyps.
588. A Comparative Study of Procedure Duration and Immediate Complications Following Endoscopic Mucosal Resection With and Without Submucosal Injection for Appropriately Selected Colorectal Lesions.
589. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Narrow-Band Endoscopic Imaging Patterns and Histopathological Diagnosis of Colorectal Polyps.
590. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency and Management of Deep Mural Injury During Endoscopic Colorectal Polyp Resection.
591. A Comparative Observational Study of Resection Specimen Quality Following En Bloc and Piecemeal Endoscopic Removal of Large Benign-Appearing Colorectal Polyps.
592. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Colorectal Polyp Surface Characteristics and Histopathological Villous Architecture.
593. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Endoscopic Polyp Accessibility and Procedure Duration During Colorectal Polypectomy.
594. A Comparative Study of Immediate Haemostasis Following Prophylactic Clip Placement and Standard Management After Resection of Selected Large Pedunculated Colorectal Polyps.
595. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Agreement Between Optical Endoscopic Diagnosis and Final Histopathology of Resected Colorectal Lesions.
596. A Prospective Observational Study of Technical Challenges During Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Polyps Located Near the Ileocecal Valve and Appendicular Orifice.
597. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Postprocedural Abdominal Pain Following Endoscopic Removal of Small and Large Colorectal Polyps.
598. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Colorectal Polyp Number and Preoperative Metabolic Risk Factors in Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy.
599. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency of Unexpected Invasive Carcinoma on Histopathological Examination of Endoscopically Resected Colorectal Polyps.
600. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Immediate Bleeding, Resection Completion, and Procedure-Related Complications Following Different Endoscopic Techniques for Colorectal Polyp Removal.

Paediatric Laparoscopic Appendectomy

601. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Ultrasonographic Appendix Diameter and Intraoperative Appendicitis Severity in Children Undergoing Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
602. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Postoperative Pain, and Same-Admission Recovery Following Laparoscopic and Open Appendectomy in Children With Acute Appendicitis.
603. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Duration of Symptoms and Perforated Appendicitis in Paediatric Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery.
604. A Prospective Observational Study of Anatomical Variations in Appendix Position and Their Association With Operative Difficulty During Paediatric Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
605. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Hospital Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Children With Uncomplicated and Complicated Appendicitis.
606. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Serum Bilirubin and Intraoperatively Confirmed Appendicular Perforation in Children.
607. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Intraoperative Appendicular Abscess and Its Association With Preoperative Clinical Findings in Paediatric Patients.
608. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration and Early Pain Following Two-Port and Three-Port Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Children.
609. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Appendicitis Severity During Paediatric Laparoscopy.
610. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Same-Admission Wound Complications, Postoperative Ileus, and Hospital Stay Following Paediatric Laparoscopic and Open Appendectomy.

Paediatric Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair

611. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency of Patent Contralateral Processus Vaginalis Detected During Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair in Children.
612. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Immediate Complications, and Hospital Recovery Following Laparoscopic and Open Inguinal Hernia Repair in Paediatric Patients.
613. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Age at Presentation and Anatomical Characteristics of Paediatric Inguinal Hernias.
614. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency of Bilateral Inguinal Defects in Children With Clinically Unilateral Hernia Undergoing Laparoscopic Exploration.
615. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Postoperative Pain Following Intracorporeal and Extracorporeal Laparoscopic Closure of the Internal Inguinal Ring.
616. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Agreement Between Preoperative Groin Ultrasonography and Laparoscopic Findings in Children With Suspected Inguinal Hernia.
617. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Intraoperative Management of Sliding Components in Paediatric Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair.
618. A Comparative Study of Operative Complexity and Immediate Hospital Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair in Infants and Older Children.
619. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Prematurity History and Bilateral Inguinal Hernia Findings During Paediatric Laparoscopic Repair.
620. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Immediate Complications, Analgesic Requirements, and Length of Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic and Open Paediatric Inguinal Hernia Repair.

Laparoscopic Paediatric Abdominal Procedures

621. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Ultrasonographic Measurements and Intraoperative Anatomical Findings During Laparoscopic Pyloromyotomy.
622. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Intraoperative Complications, and Time to Feeding Following Laparoscopic and Open Pyloromyotomy in Infants.
623. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Electrolyte Disturbances and Clinical Severity of Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis.
624. A Prospective Observational Study of Factors Associated With Intraoperative Mucosal Perforation During Laparoscopic Pyloromyotomy.
625. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Postoperative Vomiting and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic Pyloromyotomy in Different Infant Age Groups.
626. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Agreement Between Preoperative Imaging and Laparoscopic Findings in Children With Symptomatic Meckel Diverticulum.
627. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Associated Intra-Abdominal Abnormalities During Laparoscopic Surgery for Paediatric Meckel Diverticulum.
628. A Comparative Study of Intraoperative Blood Loss, Early Feeding, and Same-Admission Outcomes Following Laparoscopic and Open Meckel Diverticulectomy in Children.
629. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Cyst Dimensions and Operative Difficulty During Laparoscopic Excision of Paediatric Mesenteric Cysts.
630. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency and Distribution of Abdominal Adhesions During Laparoscopy in Children With Previous Neonatal Abdominal Surgery.
631. A Comparative Observational Study of Same-Admission Outcomes Following Laparoscopic and Open Excision of Selected Benign Paediatric Abdominal Cysts.
632. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Imaging Findings and Intraoperative Characteristics of Paediatric Omental Cysts.
633. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Diagnostic Yield of Laparoscopy in Children With Chronic Abdominal Pain and Inconclusive Conventional Investigations.
634. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration and Early Hospital Recovery Following Laparoscopic and Open Surgery for Selected Paediatric Intestinal Duplication Cysts.
635. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Paediatric Abdominal Mass Location and Feasibility of Laparoscopic Surgical Exploration.
636. A Prospective Observational Study of Anatomical Findings and Operative Challenges During Laparoscopic Management of Selected Paediatric Intestinal Malrotation Cases.
637. A Comparative Observational Study of Same-Admission Gastrointestinal Recovery Following Laparoscopic and Open Ladd Procedure for Intestinal Malrotation.
638. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Radiological Findings and Operative Diagnosis in Children Undergoing Diagnostic Laparoscopy for Recurrent Intestinal Obstruction.
639. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Causes of Conversion to Open Surgery During Paediatric Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Procedures.
640. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Operative Complications, Early Feeding, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic and Open Surgery for Selected Congenital Gastrointestinal Anomalies.

Paediatric Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Splenectomy

641. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Gallstone Aetiology and Intraoperative Gallbladder Characteristics During Paediatric Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
642. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration and Immediate Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Children With Haemolytic and Nonhaemolytic Gallstone Disease.
643. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Ultrasonographic Gallbladder Wall Thickness and Operative Difficulty During Paediatric Cholecystectomy.
644. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency of Biliary Anatomical Variations Encountered During Paediatric Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
645. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Difficulty and Early Recovery Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Younger and Older Paediatric Patients.
646. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Spleen Size and Intraoperative Technical Difficulty During Paediatric Laparoscopic Splenectomy.
647. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency and Anatomical Locations of Accessory Spleens Identified During Paediatric Laparoscopic Splenectomy.
648. A Comparative Study of Operative Blood Loss and Immediate Hospital Outcomes Following Laparoscopic and Open Splenectomy in Children With Benign Haematological Disorders.
649. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Haematological Parameters and Perioperative Blood Product Requirements During Paediatric Splenectomy.
650. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Immediate Postoperative Pain, Complications, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Laparoscopic Splenectomy in Selected Paediatric Surgical Patients.

Robotic-Assisted Inguinal and Ventral Hernia Surgery

651. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Hernia Defect Size and Technical Difficulty During Robotic-Assisted Transabdominal Preperitoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair.
652. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Intraoperative Complications, and Same-Admission Recovery Following Robotic-Assisted and Conventional Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair.
653. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Previous Lower Abdominal Surgery and Adhesiolysis Requirements During Robotic-Assisted Inguinal Hernia Repair.
654. A Prospective Observational Study of Peritoneal Flap Dissection Difficulty and Its Relationship With Hernia Type During Robotic-Assisted Groin Hernia Repair.
655. A Comparative Observational Study of Intraoperative Suturing Time and Early Pain Following Robotic-Assisted and Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair.
656. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Abdominal Wall Defect Location and Port Configuration During Robotic-Assisted Ventral Hernia Repair.
657. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating Factors Associated With Prolonged Docking Time During Robotic-Assisted Abdominal Wall Hernia Surgery.
658. A Comparative Study of Same-Admission Seroma Formation and Pain Following Robotic-Assisted and Laparoscopic Repair of Selected Ventral Hernias.
659. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Frequency of Intraoperative Peritoneal Tears During Robotic-Assisted Preperitoneal Hernia Repair.
660. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Operative Time, Intraoperative Complications, and Hospital Stay Following Robotic-Assisted and Conventional Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair.

Robotic-Assisted Colorectal Surgery

661. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Pelvic Anatomical Dimensions and Technical Difficulty During Robotic-Assisted Rectal Cancer Surgery.
662. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Blood Loss, and Same-Admission Recovery Following Robotic-Assisted and Laparoscopic Low Anterior Resection.
663. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Visceral Fat Thickness and Robotic-Assisted Mesorectal Dissection Difficulty.
664. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency of Intraoperative Stapling Difficulties During Robotic-Assisted Rectal Resection.
665. A Comparative Observational Study of Pathological Mesorectal Specimen Quality Following Robotic-Assisted and Conventional Laparoscopic Rectal Cancer Surgery.
666. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Tumour Distance From the Anal Verge and Operative Duration During Robotic-Assisted Rectal Resection.
667. A Prospective Observational Study of Technical Challenges During Robotic-Assisted Splenic Flexure Mobilisation for Left-Sided Colorectal Resection.
668. A Comparative Study of Immediate Postoperative Ileus, Pain, and Hospital Stay Following Robotic-Assisted and Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy.
669. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Previous Pelvic Surgery and Adhesion Severity During Robotic-Assisted Rectal Cancer Resection.
670. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Intraoperative Blood Loss, Conversion Rates, Lymph Node Yield, and Same-Admission Complications Following Robotic-Assisted and Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Surgery.

Advanced Laparoscopic Techniques and Intraoperative Imaging

671. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency of Fluorescence-Detected Biliary Anatomy Variations During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Using Indocyanine Green.
672. A Comparative Study of Intraoperative Biliary Anatomy Identification With Conventional White-Light Laparoscopy and Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging During Cholecystectomy.
673. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Quality of Fluorescence Visualisation During Laparoscopic Biliary Surgery.
674. A Prospective Observational Study of the Agreement Between Fluorescence Cholangiography and Conventional Intraoperative Biliary Anatomical Findings.
675. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Duration and Intraoperative Anatomical Identification During Fluorescence-Guided and Conventional Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
676. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Gallbladder Inflammatory Severity and Fluorescence Visualisation of Extrahepatic Biliary Structures.
677. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Feasibility of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Perfusion Assessment During Laparoscopic Colorectal Anastomosis.
678. A Comparative Study of Intraoperative Anastomotic Revision Decisions During Laparoscopic Colorectal Resection With and Without Fluorescence Perfusion Assessment.
679. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Agreement Between Surgeon-Assessed Bowel Perfusion and Fluorescence-Based Perfusion Findings.
680. A Prospective Observational Study of Factors Associated With Inadequate Fluorescence Visualisation During Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery.
681. A Comparative Observational Study of Intraoperative Vessel Identification During Three-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Laparoscopic Surgery.
682. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Surgeon Experience and Depth Perception Performance Using Three-Dimensional Laparoscopic Visualisation.
683. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Technical Feasibility of Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging During Laparoscopic Liver Lesion Localisation.
684. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration and Additional Lesion Detection During Laparoscopic Liver Surgery With and Without Intraoperative Ultrasonography.
685. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Imaging Lesion Depth and Intraoperative Ultrasonographic Localisation Difficulty.
686. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Ultrasound-Detected Vascular Variations During Laparoscopic Liver Resection.
687. A Comparative Observational Study of Laparoscopic Suturing Accuracy and Task Completion Time With Conventional and Articulating Laparoscopic Instruments in Standardised Simulation.
688. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating Surgeon-Reported Ergonomic Discomfort During Conventional and Robotic-Assisted Minimal Access Procedures.
689. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Causes of Intraoperative Equipment-Related Interruptions During Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery.
690. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Intraoperative Imaging Findings, and Immediate Hospital Outcomes Following Conventional and Image-Guided Laparoscopic Procedures.

Single-Incision and Reduced-Port Laparoscopic Surgery

691. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating Factors Associated With Technical Difficulty During Single-Incision Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
692. A Comparative Study of Operative Time, Immediate Postoperative Pain, and Hospital Stay Following Single-Incision and Conventional Multiport Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
693. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Instrument Crowding During Single-Incision Laparoscopic Surgery.
694. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency and Causes of Additional Port Placement During Attempted Single-Incision Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
695. A Comparative Observational Study of Specimen Retrieval Difficulty and Immediate Umbilical Wound Morbidity Following Single-Incision and Conventional Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
696. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Umbilical Anatomy and Port-Site Closure Difficulty During Single-Incision Laparoscopic Surgery.
697. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Gallbladder Inflammation Severity and Feasibility of Single-Incision Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
698. A Comparative Study of Immediate Postoperative Analgesic Requirements Following Reduced-Port and Standard Four-Port Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
699. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating Surgeon-Reported Instrument Ergonomic Challenges During Single-Incision Laparoscopic Procedures.
700. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Intraoperative Complications, Conversion to Additional Ports, and Same-Admission Recovery Following Single-Incision and Standard Multiport Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery.

Preoperative Risk Assessment

701. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Nutritional Risk Scores and Same-Admission Complications Following Elective Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery.
702. A Comparative Study of Intraoperative Technical Difficulty and Immediate Hospital Outcomes in Anaemic and Nonanaemic Patients Undergoing Elective Laparoscopic General Surgical Procedures.
703. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Frailty Scores and Early Mobilisation Following Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery in Elderly Patients.
704. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Serum Albumin Levels and Postoperative Length of Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery.
705. A Comparative Observational Study of Intraoperative Haemodynamic Changes in Hypertensive and Normotensive Patients Undergoing Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
706. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Prevalence of Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Undergoing Preoperative Assessment for Elective Minimal Access Surgery.
707. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Physical Functional Capacity and Immediate Respiratory Recovery Following Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery.
708. A Comparative Study of Same-Admission Surgical Complications in Patients With Controlled and Poorly Controlled Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Elective Laparoscopic Abdominal Procedures.
709. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Obesity Severity and Intraoperative Ventilation Requirements During Laparoscopic Surgery.
710. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Clinical Frailty and Postoperative Assistance Requirements in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Hernia Repair.
711. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Recovery Parameters Following Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery in Patients With and Without Preoperative Chronic Kidney Disease.
712. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Serum Electrolyte Abnormalities and Intraoperative Haemodynamic Events During Elective Laparoscopic Surgery.
713. A Prospective Observational Study of the Relationship Between Preoperative Abdominal Wall Thickness and Time Required for Safe Laparoscopic Access.
714. A Comparative Study of Intraoperative Respiratory Mechanics During Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery in Patients With Normal Weight and Patients With Obesity.
715. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Clinical Risk Classification and Same-Admission Postoperative Morbidity Following Laparoscopic General Surgical Procedures.
716. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Serum Creatinine Levels and Perioperative Fluid Requirements During Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery.
717. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Recovery Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Patients With and Without Preoperative Fatty Liver Disease.
718. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Prevalence of Preoperative Anxiety and Its Association With Expected Postoperative Pain Among Patients Scheduled for Laparoscopic Surgery.
719. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Abdominal Surgical Scars and Difficulty of Establishing Initial Pneumoperitoneum.
720. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Same-Admission Outcomes Following Laparoscopic General Surgical Procedures in Patients With Different Preoperative Clinical Risk Profiles.

Laparoscopic Access and Pneumoperitoneum

721. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Body Mass Index and Initial Abdominal Access Time During Elective Laparoscopic Surgery.
722. A Comparative Study of Initial Entry Time, Intraoperative Access Injuries, and Technical Success Following Open and Closed Methods of Establishing Pneumoperitoneum.
723. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Previous Abdominal Surgery and Adhesion Location at Initial Laparoscopic Entry.
724. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency and Anatomical Distribution of Abdominal Wall Vessel Injuries During Laparoscopic Port Placement.
725. A Comparative Observational Study of Intraoperative Haemodynamic Changes During Low-Pressure and Standard-Pressure Pneumoperitoneum in Elective Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery.
726. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Abdominal Wall Thickness and Initial Trocar Insertion Difficulty During Laparoscopy.
727. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Causes of Failed Initial Peritoneal Access During Elective Laparoscopic General Surgical Procedures.
728. A Comparative Study of Access Duration and Immediate Complications Following Umbilical and Left Upper Quadrant Initial Entry Techniques in Selected Laparoscopic Patients.
729. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Previous Midline Laparotomy and Adhesions Underlying the Umbilicus During Laparoscopy.
730. A Prospective Observational Study of the Relationship Between Initial Insufflation Pressure and Subsequent Laparoscopic Working Space in Adult Surgical Patients.
731. A Comparative Observational Study of Intraoperative Respiratory Mechanics During Low-Pressure and Standard-Pressure Laparoscopic Pneumoperitoneum.
732. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Abdominal Circumference and Instrument Working Angles During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
733. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency of Extraperitoneal Gas Insufflation and Its Associated Technical Factors During Laparoscopic Access.
734. A Comparative Study of Port Placement Time and Intraoperative Complications Following Bladeless and Conventional Cutting Trocar Entry During Laparoscopic Surgery.
735. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Age-Related Abdominal Wall Characteristics and Laparoscopic Port Insertion Difficulty.
736. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Subcutaneous Emphysema and Its Association With Pneumoperitoneum Duration During Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery.
737. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Postoperative Shoulder Pain Following Complete and Routine Carbon Dioxide Evacuation at the End of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
738. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Surgical Positioning and Peak Airway Pressure During Laparoscopic Abdominal Procedures.
739. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Characteristics of Laparoscopic Access-Related Complications at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital.
740. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Initial Entry Success, Intraoperative Access Complications, and Operative Time Following Different Established Laparoscopic Abdominal Entry Techniques.

Postoperative Pain and Early Recovery

741. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Laparoscopic Operative Duration and Immediate Postoperative Pain Intensity Following Elective Abdominal Surgery.
742. A Comparative Study of Early Pain Scores and Analgesic Consumption Following Local Anaesthetic Port-Site Infiltration and Standard Analgesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
743. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Patient Anxiety Scores and Immediate Postoperative Pain Following Laparoscopic Surgery.
744. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Mobilisation and Analgesic Requirements Following Laparoscopic and Open Inguinal Hernia Repair.
745. A Prospective Observational Study of Factors Associated With Postoperative Shoulder Tip Pain Following Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery.
746. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Residual Intraperitoneal Gas on Postoperative Imaging and Shoulder Tip Pain Following Laparoscopy.
747. A Comparative Study of Early Postoperative Pain Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy With Intraperitoneal Local Anaesthetic Instillation and Port-Site Local Anaesthetic Infiltration.
748. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Operative Pneumoperitoneum Pressure and Immediate Analgesic Requirements After Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery.
749. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Pain Sensitivity and Early Postoperative Pain Scores in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
750. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Following Laparoscopic Surgery in Patients Receiving Different Established Multimodal Analgesic Regimens.
751. A Prospective Observational Study of Factors Associated With Delayed Oral Intake Following Elective Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery.
752. A Comparative Study of Early Mobilisation, Postoperative Pain, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Under Conventional and Enhanced Recovery Protocols.
753. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Sleep Quality and Immediate Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Elective Laparoscopic Surgery.
754. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Intraoperative Fluid Administration and Early Postoperative Nausea Following Laparoscopic Surgery.
755. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Pain and Functional Recovery Following Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery With and Without Ultrasound-Guided Abdominal Wall Nerve Block.
756. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing Factors Associated With Delayed Same-Day Discharge Following Planned Day-Care Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
757. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency and Severity of Immediate Postoperative Urinary Retention Following Laparoscopic Hernia Repair.
758. A Comparative Study of Immediate Postoperative Pain and Analgesic Requirements Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Patients With and Without Chronic Preoperative Pain.
759. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Early Postoperative Nausea Severity and Delayed Oral Intake in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery.
760. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Early Mobilisation, Pain Management Requirements, and Same-Admission Recovery Following Common Elective Laparoscopic General Surgical Procedures.

Surgical Site and Immediate Postoperative Complications

761. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency and Anatomical Distribution of Port-Site Complications During the Index Hospital Admission Following Laparoscopic Surgery.
762. A Comparative Study of Immediate Port-Site Wound Complications Following Blunt and Sharp Trocar Entry Techniques During Elective Laparoscopic Procedures.
763. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Diabetes Mellitus and Same-Admission Port-Site Wound Complications Following Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery.
764. A Prospective Observational Study of the Relationship Between Specimen Extraction Port Size and Immediate Wound Discomfort Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
765. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Wound Morbidity Following Specimen Extraction With and Without Retrieval Bags in Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery.
766. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Body Mass Index and Port-Site Closure Difficulty During Laparoscopic Surgery.
767. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Early Postoperative Haematoma Formation Following Laparoscopic Inguinal and Ventral Hernia Repair.
768. A Comparative Study of Early Port-Site Pain and Wound Characteristics Following Fascial Closure With Conventional Suturing and Closure Devices.
769. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Operative Duration and Same-Admission Surgical Site Infection Following Laparoscopic General Surgical Procedures.
770. A Prospective Observational Study of Factors Associated With Immediate Postoperative Seroma Formation Following Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair.
771. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Surgical Site Complications in Patients Undergoing Elective and Emergency Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery.
772. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Preoperative Serum Albumin and Early Wound Complications Following Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery.
773. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency of Intraoperative Port-Site Bleeding and Its Association With Port Location and Trocar Diameter.
774. A Comparative Study of Same-Admission Wound Complications Following Umbilical and Epigastric Specimen Retrieval During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
775. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Smoking Status and Early Wound Healing Characteristics Following Laparoscopic Hernia Repair.
776. A Prospective Observational Study of Immediate Postoperative Abdominal Wall Bruising and Its Relationship With Laparoscopic Port Placement.
777. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Wound Pain Following Conventional and Reduced-Diameter Working Ports in Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
778. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Obesity and Early Abdominal Wall Haematoma Following Laparoscopic Surgery.
779. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Same-Admission Unplanned Reoperation Following Minimal Access General Surgical Procedures.
780. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Early Wound Complications and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic and Open Elective Abdominal Operations.

Day-Care Laparoscopic Procedures

781. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating Factors Associated With Successful Same-Day Discharge Following Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy at a Tertiary Care Hospital.
782. A Comparative Study of Immediate Postoperative Pain, Nausea, and Unplanned Admission Following Day-Care and Conventional Inpatient Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
783. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Patient Characteristics and Suitability for Day-Care Laparoscopic Surgery.
784. A Prospective Observational Study of Causes of Delayed Discharge Following Planned Day-Care Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair.
785. A Comparative Observational Study of Hospital Resource Utilisation During Day-Care and Inpatient Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair.
786. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Patient Education and Immediate Discharge Readiness After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
787. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Unplanned Overnight Admission Following Elective Day-Care Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
788. A Comparative Study of Early Recovery Scores Following Different Established Anaesthetic Techniques in Patients Undergoing Day-Care Laparoscopic Procedures.
789. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the Association Between Travel Distance From Hospital and Patient Acceptance of Day-Care Laparoscopic Surgery.
790. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Same-Admission Complications, Operating Room Utilisation, and Direct Hospital Costs Following Day-Care and Inpatient Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

Healthcare Costs and Resource Utilisation

791. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Direct Hospital Costs and Major Cost Contributors of Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in a Government Teaching Hospital.
792. A Comparative Study of Direct Hospital Expenditure, Operative Time, and Length of Stay Following Laparoscopic and Open Appendectomy.
793. A Prospective Observational Study of the Relationship Between Operative Duration and Disposable Instrument Consumption During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
794. A Comparative Observational Study of Direct Hospital Costs Following Laparoscopic and Open Inguinal Hernia Repair at a Tertiary Care Centre.
795. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Intraoperative Technical Difficulty and Direct Procedure Costs During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
796. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing Operating Room Time Utilisation and Causes of Surgical Delay During Elective Laparoscopic General Surgical Procedures.
797. A Comparative Study of Hospital Bed Utilisation Following Laparoscopic and Open Colorectal Resection in a Teaching Hospital.
798. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of Disposable Instrument Consumption Patterns in Common Elective Laparoscopic General Surgical Procedures.
799. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency and Causes of Equipment-Related Delays During Laparoscopic Surgery in a Resource-Constrained Teaching Hospital.
800. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Direct Hospital Costs, Same-Admission Morbidity, and Resource Utilisation Following Laparoscopic and Open Cholecystectomy.

Patient Knowledge and Surgical Decision-Making

801. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing Patient Knowledge, Expectations, and Misconceptions Regarding Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Among Adults With Symptomatic Gallstone Disease.
802. A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of Patient Preferences for Laparoscopic and Open Inguinal Hernia Repair Among Individuals Presenting to a General Surgery Outpatient Department.
803. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Counselling Comprehension and Anxiety Levels in Patients Scheduled for Elective Laparoscopic Surgery.
804. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing Awareness of Potential Conversion to Open Surgery Among Patients Consenting for Laparoscopic General Surgical Procedures.
805. A Comparative Study of Preoperative Anxiety Levels in Patients Undergoing First-Time Laparoscopic Surgery and Patients With Previous Laparoscopic Surgical Experience.
806. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Educational Status and Understanding of Surgical Risks During Consent for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
807. A Prospective Observational Study of Patient Preferences Regarding Abdominal Scar Location Before Elective Laparoscopic Surgery.
808. A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of Perceived Financial Burden Among Patients Selected for Laparoscopic and Open Hernia Repair in a Government Hospital.
809. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Patient Knowledge of Laparoscopic Surgery and Willingness to Accept Day-Care Surgical Management.
810. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Discharge Satisfaction and Recovery Experience Following Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Under Standard and Structured Preoperative Counselling Protocols.

Basic Laparoscopic Skills Among Postgraduate Residents

811. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Postgraduate Training Year and Basic Laparoscopic Hand-Eye Coordination Performance Using a Standardised Box Trainer.
812. A Comparative Study of Intracorporeal Knot-Tying Accuracy and Task Completion Time Among Junior and Senior General Surgery Postgraduate Residents.
813. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Previous Laparoscopic Operative Exposure and Performance in Standardised Instrument Transfer Tasks.
814. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Dominant Hand Preference and Ambidextrous Instrument Handling During Basic Laparoscopic Simulation.
815. A Comparative Study of Laparoscopic Peg Transfer Performance With Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Visualisation Among General Surgery Residents.
816. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Self-Reported Video Gaming Experience and Basic Laparoscopic Psychomotor Performance.
817. A Prospective Observational Study of Common Technical Errors During Intracorporeal Suturing Tasks Performed by General Surgery Postgraduate Residents.
818. A Comparative Study of Laparoscopic Cutting Accuracy and Completion Time Using Straight and Articulating Instruments in a Standardised Simulation Model.
819. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Number of Previously Assisted Laparoscopic Procedures and Basic Technical Skill Scores Among Postgraduate Residents.
820. A Comparative Study of Laparoscopic Depth Perception Accuracy Under Monoscopic and Stereoscopic Visualisation Among Resident Surgeons.
821. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Hand Dominance and Error Frequency During Laparoscopic Bimanual Coordination Tasks.
822. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Distribution of Common Ergonomic Errors During Basic Laparoscopic Training Among General Surgery Residents.
823. A Comparative Study of Knot Security and Task Completion Time Following Conventional Instrument Handling and Cross-Handed Instrument Handling in Laparoscopic Simulation.
824. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Spatial Orientation Ability and Laparoscopic Camera Navigation Performance in Postgraduate Residents.
825. A Comparative Observational Study of Laparoscopic Instrument Transfer Accuracy in Participants With Previous Open Surgical Experience and Participants Without Previous Operative Experience.
826. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Perceived Procedural Confidence and Objectively Assessed Laparoscopic Technical Performance.
827. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Tissue Handling Errors During Simulated Laparoscopic Dissection Tasks.
828. A Comparative Study of Intracorporeal Suturing Accuracy Using Standard Laparoscopic Needle Holders and Articulating Needle Holders in a Box Trainer.
829. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Postgraduate Residents' Operative Logbook Exposure and Performance on Standardised Laparoscopic Tasks.
830. A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of Basic Laparoscopic Skills Among Residents From General Surgery and Other Surgical Specialties at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital.

Laparoscopic Ergonomics and Occupational Health

831. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Prevalence and Anatomical Distribution of Musculoskeletal Discomfort Among Surgeons Performing Laparoscopic Operations.
832. A Comparative Study of Surgeon Neck and Shoulder Discomfort During Laparoscopic Procedures With Optimal and Suboptimal Monitor Positioning.
833. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Association Between Operative Duration and Surgeon-Reported Physical Fatigue During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
834. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Surgeon Height and Perceived Ergonomic Difficulty During Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery.
835. A Comparative Study of Upper Limb Muscle Fatigue During Conventional Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Simulation Tasks.
836. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Weekly Laparoscopic Operative Workload and Work-Related Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Surgeons.
837. A Prospective Observational Study of Surgeon Posture and Instrument Handling Angles During Standard Four-Port Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
838. A Comparative Observational Study of Ergonomic Strain During Single-Incision and Multiport Laparoscopic Surgical Simulation.
839. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Years of Laparoscopic Surgical Experience and Prevalence of Work-Related Neck Pain.
840. A Comparative Study of Hand Fatigue During Laparoscopic Suturing With Conventional and Ergonomically Modified Instrument Handles.
841. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Operating Table Height and Surgeon-Reported Back Discomfort During Laparoscopic Surgery.
842. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Uncomfortable Upper Limb Postures During Complex Laparoscopic Dissection.
843. A Comparative Study of Camera Assistant Physical Fatigue During Manual Camera Holding and Mechanical Camera Support in Simulated Laparoscopic Procedures.
844. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Surgeon Gender, Instrument Handle Size, and Perceived Hand Discomfort During Laparoscopy.
845. A Comparative Observational Study of Ergonomic Comfort During Standing and Seated Laparoscopic Suturing in a Standardised Training Environment.
846. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Prevalence of Visual Fatigue Among Surgeons Performing Prolonged Laparoscopic Procedures.
847. A Prospective Observational Study of Laparoscopic Instrument Collision Frequency and Its Association With Port Positioning During Surgical Simulation.
848. A Comparative Study of Surgeon Fatigue and Technical Accuracy Under Different Monitor Heights During Laparoscopic Box Trainer Exercises.
849. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Regular Physical Exercise and Work-Related Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Minimal Access Surgeons.
850. A Comparative Observational Study of Surgeon-Reported Physical Strain During Conventional and Three-Dimensional Laparoscopic Procedures.

Operating Room Team Performance and Safety

851. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency and Nature of Communication Errors During Elective Laparoscopic General Surgical Procedures.
852. A Comparative Study of Operative Workflow Interruptions During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Performed With Experienced and Less Experienced Operating Room Teams.
853. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing Knowledge of Laparoscopic Equipment Safety Among General Surgery Postgraduate Residents and Operating Room Nursing Staff.
854. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency and Causes of Camera Contamination During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
855. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Time Lost Due to Equipment Adjustments During Conventional and Integrated Laparoscopic Operating Room Setups.
856. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Team Familiarity and Frequency of Nontechnical Errors During Laparoscopic Surgery.
857. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Characteristics of Instrument Exchange Delays During Elective Laparoscopic Abdominal Procedures.
858. A Comparative Study of Laparoscopic Equipment Setup Time Following Standardised Checklist-Based Preparation and Conventional Operating Room Preparation.
859. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating Knowledge of Electrosurgical Safety Principles Among Postgraduate Surgical Trainees.
860. A Prospective Observational Study of Potential Electrosurgical Hazards and Their Intraoperative Detection During Laparoscopic General Surgical Procedures.
861. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Workflow Efficiency During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy With Dedicated and Rotating Camera Assistants.
862. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Surgical Safety Checklist Compliance and Documented Intraoperative Safety Events in Laparoscopic Surgery.
863. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency of Equipment Malfunction and Associated Operative Delays During Elective Laparoscopic Procedures.
864. A Comparative Study of Camera Navigation Errors During Laparoscopic Procedures Performed With Postgraduate Resident and Experienced Surgical Assistant Camera Operators.
865. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Operating Room Staff Experience and Familiarity With Laparoscopic Emergency Conversion Instruments.
866. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency and Causes of Laparoscopic Image Loss During Elective Abdominal Procedures.
867. A Comparative Study of Instrument Preparation Errors in Conventional and Checklist-Guided Laparoscopic Operating Room Setup.
868. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Perceived Team Communication Quality and Operative Efficiency During Laparoscopic Surgery.
869. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Intraoperative Equipment Replacement and Its Association With Procedure Duration.
870. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Operating Room Delays, Documented Equipment Failures, and Procedural Completion Time During Common Elective Laparoscopic Operations.

Laparoscopic Abdominal Lymph Node and Peritoneal Biopsy

871. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Diagnostic Yield of Laparoscopic Abdominal Lymph Node Biopsy in Patients With Unexplained Intra-Abdominal Lymphadenopathy.
872. A Comparative Study of Histopathological Diagnostic Yield Following Laparoscopic and Image-Guided Biopsy of Deep Abdominal Lymph Nodes.
873. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Lymph Node Size on Computed Tomography and Histopathological Diagnosis Following Laparoscopic Biopsy.
874. A Prospective Observational Study of Anatomical Distribution and Technical Difficulty of Laparoscopic Lymph Node Biopsy in Patients With Suspected Abdominal Lymphoma.
875. A Comparative Observational Study of Diagnostic Yield Following Laparoscopic Biopsy of Mesenteric and Retroperitoneal Lymph Nodes.
876. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Radiological Necrosis and Histopathological Findings in Laparoscopically Sampled Abdominal Lymph Nodes.
877. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Unexpected Infectious Granulomatous Disease Diagnosed Through Laparoscopic Abdominal Lymph Node Biopsy.
878. A Comparative Study of Intraoperative Complications and Same-Admission Recovery Following Laparoscopic and Open Abdominal Lymph Node Biopsy.
879. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Agreement Between Preoperative Radiological Diagnosis and Laparoscopic Histopathological Findings in Patients With Peritoneal Nodules.
880. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency of Adequate Tissue Sampling During Laparoscopic Biopsy for Suspected Intra-Abdominal Lymphoproliferative Disease.
881. A Comparative Observational Study of Diagnostic Yield of Laparoscopic Omental Biopsy and Peritoneal Biopsy in Patients With Suspected Peritoneal Malignancy.
882. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Ascitic Fluid Cytology and Laparoscopic Peritoneal Histopathology in Patients With Suspected Peritoneal Carcinomatosis.
883. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency and Anatomical Distribution of Peritoneal Deposits During Diagnostic Laparoscopy for Suspected Abdominal Malignancy.
884. A Comparative Study of Detection of Small Peritoneal Metastases by Preoperative Computed Tomography and Diagnostic Laparoscopy.
885. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Serum Albumin-to-Globulin Ratio and Histopathological Diagnosis in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Peritoneal Biopsy.
886. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Adhesion-Related Difficulties During Laparoscopic Peritoneal Biopsy in Patients With Ascites.
887. A Comparative Observational Study of Tissue Adequacy Following Laparoscopic Forceps Biopsy and Laparoscopic Excisional Biopsy of Peritoneal Nodules.
888. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Peritoneal Deposit Morphology and Histopathological Diagnosis During Staging Laparoscopy.
889. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Bleeding and Its Management During Laparoscopic Mesenteric and Omental Tissue Biopsy.
890. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Diagnostic Yield, Tissue Adequacy, and Immediate Complications Following Different Laparoscopic Biopsy Procedures for Undiagnosed Intra-Abdominal Disease.

Laparoscopic Staging of Gastrointestinal Malignancy

891. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Diagnostic Yield of Staging Laparoscopy in Patients With Radiologically Resectable Gastric Adenocarcinoma.
892. A Comparative Study of Detection of Peritoneal Metastases by Preoperative Computed Tomography and Staging Laparoscopy in Gastric Cancer.
893. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Gastric Tumour Stage and Occult Peritoneal Metastasis Detected During Staging Laparoscopy.
894. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency of Positive Peritoneal Cytology in Patients With Gastric Cancer Undergoing Staging Laparoscopy.
895. A Comparative Observational Study of Staging Laparoscopy Findings in Patients With Proximal and Distal Gastric Malignancies.
896. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Preoperative Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels and Occult Peritoneal Disease in Gastric Cancer.
897. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Occult Liver Surface Metastases Detected During Staging Laparoscopy for Gastrointestinal Malignancy.
898. A Comparative Study of Diagnostic Yield of Staging Laparoscopy in Patients With Gastric Cancer and Selected Patients With Pancreatic Cancer.
899. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Radiological Ascites and Positive Peritoneal Cytology During Staging Laparoscopy for Abdominal Malignancy.
900. A Prospective Observational Study of the Association Between Preoperative Tumour-Related Weight Loss and Unexpected Metastatic Disease During Staging Laparoscopy.
901. A Comparative Observational Study of Occult Peritoneal Metastasis Detection in Patients With Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer and Early-Stage Gastric Cancer Undergoing Laparoscopic Staging.
902. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Agreement Between Radiological and Laparoscopic Assessment of Peritoneal Disease Extent in Selected Gastrointestinal Malignancies.
903. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Surgical Management Changes Following Staging Laparoscopy in Patients With Suspected Resectable Gastric Cancer.
904. A Comparative Study of Peritoneal Cytology Positivity in Patients With and Without Macroscopically Visible Peritoneal Deposits During Gastric Cancer Staging Laparoscopy.
905. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Tumour Histopathological Grade and Occult Metastatic Disease Detected During Staging Laparoscopy.
906. A Prospective Observational Study of Intraoperative Techniques Used to Identify Small Peritoneal Deposits During Staging Laparoscopy.
907. A Comparative Observational Study of Staging Laparoscopy Findings in Patients With Intestinal-Type and Diffuse-Type Gastric Adenocarcinoma.
908. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Cross-Sectional Imaging Findings and Laparoscopic Detection of Peritoneal Disease in Pancreatic Malignancy.
909. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Unexpected Unresectable Disease and Its Anatomical Distribution During Staging Laparoscopy for Gastrointestinal Cancer.
910. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Occult Metastasis Detection, Avoidance of Nontherapeutic Laparotomy, and Immediate Procedural Morbidity Following Staging Laparoscopy for Selected Abdominal Malignancies.

Comparative Techniques in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

911. A Prospective Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Electrosurgical Instrument Usage, and Intraoperative Haemostasis Following Monopolar Electrocautery and Ultrasonic Dissection During Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
912. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Ultrasonographic Features and Requirement for Additional Laparoscopic Ports During Difficult Cholecystectomy.
913. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Time, Critical View of Safety Achievement, and Intraoperative Bleeding During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Performed Using Conventional and Fundus-First Dissection.
914. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Association Between Cystic Duct Diameter and Difficulty of Clip Application During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
915. A Comparative Study of Intraoperative Clip Displacement, Operative Duration, and Immediate Postoperative Drain Output Following Polymeric and Metallic Clip Ligation of the Cystic Duct.
916. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Cystic Artery Length and Difficulty of Vascular Control During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
917. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency and Anatomical Characteristics of Difficult Gallbladder Liver Bed Dissection During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
918. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Blood Loss and Early Hospital Recovery Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy With and Without Routine Subhepatic Drain Placement in Selected Patients.
919. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Gallbladder Volume and Specimen Extraction Difficulty During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
920. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Intraoperative Complications, and Immediate Hospital Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy With Different Cystic Duct Closure Techniques.

Comparative Techniques in Laparoscopic Hernia Surgery

921. A Prospective Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Preperitoneal Dissection Difficulty, and Early Postoperative Pain Following Transabdominal Preperitoneal and Totally Extraperitoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair in Bilateral Hernias.
922. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Hernia Sac Dimensions and Intraoperative Cord Structure Identification Difficulty During Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair.
923. A Comparative Observational Study of Mesh Fixation Time and Early Pain Following Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair Using Mechanical Tackers and Intracorporeal Sutures.
924. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency and Distribution of Peritoneal Flap Closure Defects During Transabdominal Preperitoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair.
925. A Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Intraoperative Mesh Handling, and Same-Admission Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair Using Anatomically Contoured and Flat Polypropylene Mesh.
926. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Direct Inguinal Hernia Defect Size and Early Postoperative Seroma Formation Following Laparoscopic Repair.
927. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Groin Pain and Urinary Retention Following Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair With and Without Routine Urinary Catheterisation in Appropriately Selected Patients.
928. A Prospective Observational Study of the Association Between Large Indirect Hernia Sac Adhesions and Cord Structure Dissection Difficulty During Laparoscopic Repair.
929. A Comparative Study of Operative Time, Intraoperative Peritoneal Tears, and Hospital Recovery Following Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair in Patients With Primary and Recurrent Hernias.
930. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Early Postoperative Pain, Seroma Formation, and Same-Admission Complications Following Different Established Laparoscopic Mesh Fixation Techniques for Groin Hernia Repair.

Comparative Techniques in Laparoscopic Appendectomy

931. A Prospective Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Mesenteric Bleeding, and Immediate Postoperative Outcomes Following Bipolar Cautery and Ultrasonic Energy Division of the Mesoappendix.
932. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between Appendicular Stump Diameter and Intraoperative Selection of Stump Closure Technique During Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
933. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Postoperative Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Appendectomy Using Intracorporeal Suturing and Preformed Ligature Loops for Stump Closure.
934. A Prospective Observational Study of the Frequency and Causes of Difficult Appendicular Base Identification During Laparoscopic Appendectomy for Complicated Acute Appendicitis.
935. A Comparative Study of Operative Time, Intraoperative Tissue Handling, and Early Pain Following Standard Three-Port and Modified Two-Port Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
936. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Appendicular Abscess Size and Requirement for Laparoscopic Drain Placement.
937. A Comparative Observational Study of Immediate Hospital Outcomes Following Laparoscopic Appendectomy for Perforated Appendicitis With Localised and Generalised Peritoneal Contamination.
938. A Prospective Observational Study of the Relationship Between Appendicular Faecalith Location and Difficulty of Appendicular Base Dissection During Laparoscopic Surgery.
939. A Comparative Study of Early Postoperative Ileus and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic Appendectomy With Limited Peritoneal Suction and Additional Irrigation in Selected Patients With Localised Contamination.
940. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Intraoperative Complications, Early Pain, and Hospital Stay Following Different Established Techniques of Laparoscopic Appendicular Stump Closure.

Immediate Surgical Outcomes and Predictive Models

941. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Predictive Performance of Preoperative Clinical and Ultrasonographic Parameters for Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
942. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Inflammatory Biomarkers and Same-Admission Complications Following Emergency Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
943. A Comparative Study of Clinical Risk Scores for Identifying Patients at Risk of Conversion From Laparoscopic to Open Cholecystectomy.
944. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Predictive Accuracy of Preoperative Abdominal Imaging Findings for Difficult Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair.
945. A Prospective Observational Study of Factors Associated With Prolonged Operative Duration During Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair at a General Surgery Teaching Hospital.
946. A Comparative Observational Study of the Predictive Performance of Clinical Examination and Ultrasonography for Identifying Complicated Acute Appendicitis Before Laparoscopic Surgery.
947. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Nutritional Screening Scores and Same-Admission Morbidity Following Laparoscopic Colorectal Resection.
948. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Intraoperative Gallbladder Difficulty Grading and Requirement for Bailout Surgical Techniques.
949. A Comparative Study of Preoperative Clinical Scoring Systems for Predicting Immediate Hospital Recovery Following Elective Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery.
950. A Retrospective Observational Study Developing an Institution-Specific Prediction Model for Prolonged Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Using Routinely Available Clinical and Operative Variables.

Surgical Workload, Clinical Patterns, and Operative Findings

951. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Spectrum of Gallbladder Diseases, Clinical Characteristics, and Intraoperative Findings Among Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in a Government Medical College.
952. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Spectrum of Abdominal Adhesions and Their Relationship With Previous Surgical History During Elective Laparoscopic Procedures.
953. A Comparative Study of Operative Findings and Immediate Recovery Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Rural and Urban Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital.
954. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Clinical and Intraoperative Characteristics of Patients Presenting With Complicated Gallstone Disease Requiring Laparoscopic Surgery.
955. A Hospital-Based Observational Study of Indications, Operative Findings, and Immediate Hospital Outcomes of Emergency Laparoscopic Procedures Performed at a Government Teaching Hospital.
956. A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of Clinical Presentation, Imaging Findings, and Operative Severity of Acute Appendicitis in Male and Female Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
957. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Anatomical Distribution of Abdominal Wall Hernias and Their Intraoperative Characteristics in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Mesh Repair.
958. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Delay in Seeking Medical Care and Disease Severity in Patients Undergoing Emergency Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery.
959. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Duration, Immediate Complications, and Hospital Recovery in Elective and Emergency Laparoscopic General Surgical Procedures.
960. A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study of Procedure Distribution, Operative Complexity, and Same-Admission Morbidity in a General Surgery Minimal Access Unit at a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Histopathological and Intraoperative Correlation

961. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Agreement Between Preoperative Clinical Diagnosis, Intraoperative Findings, and Histopathological Examination in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
962. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Macroscopic Gallbladder Wall Changes and Histopathological Severity of Chronic Cholecystitis.
963. A Comparative Study of Histopathological Findings in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Symptomatic Gallstones and Gallbladder Polyps.
964. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Gross Appendicular Appearance at Laparoscopy and Final Histopathological Diagnosis.
965. A Hospital-Based Observational Study of the Frequency of Unexpected Gallbladder Dysplasia and Malignancy Detected on Histopathological Examination After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
966. A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of Histopathological Appendicular Inflammation in Patients With Typical and Atypical Clinical Presentations of Acute Appendicitis.
967. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Relationship Between Intraoperative Appendix Diameter and Histopathological Depth of Inflammation.
968. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Correlation Between Laparoscopic Peritoneal Morphology and Histopathological Findings in Patients Undergoing Diagnostic Peritoneal Biopsy.
969. A Comparative Observational Study of Histopathological Inflammatory Patterns in Gallbladders Removed for Acute and Chronic Calculous Cholecystitis.
970. A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study of Unexpected Histopathological Diagnoses and Their Associated Preoperative and Intraoperative Characteristics in Common Laparoscopic Abdominal Procedures.

Ultrasound and Clinical Examination Correlation

971. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Diagnostic Agreement Between Clinical Examination, Preoperative Ultrasonography, and Laparoscopic Findings in Symptomatic Gallbladder Disease.
972. A Comparative Study of Preoperative Ultrasonographic Predictors of Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Patients With Acute and Chronic Cholecystitis.
973. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Ultrasonographic Pericholecystic Fat Changes and Intraoperative Adhesion Severity.
974. A Prospective Observational Study of the Relationship Between Ultrasonographic Gallbladder Wall Stratification and Histopathological Inflammatory Changes After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
975. A Comparative Observational Study of Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Examination and Ultrasonography for Inguinal Hernia Classification Using Laparoscopic Findings as the Reference Standard.
976. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Ultrasonographic Appendicular Diameter and Histopathological Evidence of Advanced Appendicular Inflammation.
977. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Agreement Between Preoperative Ultrasonographic Gallbladder Volume and Intraoperative Gallbladder Distension.
978. A Comparative Study of Ultrasonographic and Computed Tomography Findings for Predicting Complicated Appendicitis in Patients Undergoing Emergency Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
979. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Ultrasonographic Abdominal Wall Defect Dimensions and Operative Hernia Defect Measurements.
980. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Diagnostic Value of Preoperative Ultrasonographic Adhesion Assessment for Predicting Difficult Laparoscopic Entry in Patients With Previous Abdominal Surgery.

Intraoperative Difficulty and Immediate Hospital Outcomes

981. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Body Mass Index, Abdominal Wall Thickness, and Operative Duration During Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
982. A Comparative Study of Intraoperative Technical Difficulty and Same-Admission Recovery Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Patients With Single and Multiple Previous Episodes of Biliary Colic.
983. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Association Between Preoperative Serum C-Reactive Protein and Intraoperative Gallbladder Adhesion Grading.
984. A Prospective Observational Study of Operative Factors Associated With Difficult Specimen Extraction During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
985. A Comparative Observational Study of Early Postoperative Pain and Oral Intake Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Patients With and Without Intraoperative Gallbladder Perforation.
986. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Operative Duration and Immediate Postoperative Analgesic Consumption Following Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
987. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing Factors Associated With Prolonged Pneumoperitoneum Duration During Elective Laparoscopic Abdominal Procedures.
988. A Comparative Study of Operative Complexity, Conversion to Open Surgery, and Same-Admission Recovery in Patients With and Without Previous Abdominal Operations Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
989. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Relationship Between Preoperative Gallbladder Neck Stone Impaction and Intraoperative Difficulty of Critical View of Safety Achievement.
990. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Operative Duration, Same-Admission Morbidity, and Hospital Stay Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Performed During Routine Working Hours and Emergency Duty Hours.

Postgraduate Training, Surgical Quality, and Institutional Audit

991. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Relationship Between General Surgery Postgraduate Residents' Laparoscopic Operative Exposure and Their Knowledge of Critical View of Safety Principles.
992. A Comparative Study of Intraoperative Camera Navigation Performance Among Junior and Senior General Surgery Postgraduate Residents During Supervised Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
993. A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Frequency of Critical View of Safety Documentation and Its Association With Operative Difficulty in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
994. A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing Knowledge of Prevention, Recognition, and Initial Management of Bile Duct Injury Among General Surgery Postgraduate Residents.
995. A Comparative Observational Study of Operative Duration, Intraoperative Errors, and Immediate Hospital Outcomes Following Supervised Resident-Performed and Consultant-Performed Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
996. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating Adherence to Surgical Safety Checklist Components During Common Laparoscopic General Surgical Procedures.
997. A Prospective Observational Study Assessing the Frequency of Equipment-Related Interruptions and Their Contribution to Operative Duration During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
998. A Comparative Study of Documentation Completeness of Critical Operative Safety Steps in Structured and Conventional Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Operation Notes.
999. A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Association Between Resident Experience, Intraoperative Task Complexity, and Need for Consultant Assistance During Laparoscopic Appendectomy.
1000. A Retrospective Comparative Study of Intraoperative Complications, Conversion Rates, and Same-Admission Patient Outcomes During the Initial and Later Phases of an Institutional Laparoscopic Surgery Training Program.
1001. A Comprehensive Hospital-Based Observational Study of Procedure Selection, Preoperative Risk Characteristics, Intraoperative Technical Difficulty, Conversion to Open Surgery, and Same-Admission Outcomes Across Common Laparoscopic General Surgical Procedures at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in India.